Appendix 2 - Preliminary Petrological Analyses of Coarse Black Ware

Appendix - II Preliminary Petrological Analyses of Coarse Black Ware from Ed-Dur (Persian Gulf) and Elephanta Island (India) 1. SAMPLE: EDRA (Pl. XXIV. d) Clay Matrix. Ferrugenous lateritic clay. Due to heating most of the oxidised iron is in trivalent state (Fe 2 O 3). During the making of the vessel on wheel the iron-rich haematitic components of the clay have been stretched. The haematite in the clay are made up of tiny microscopic crystals clongated in a preferred direction. Aplastic Inclusions Quartz and feldspars present in clay matrix. Quartz is present as tiny, anhedral (angular) fragments. Average size of quartz pieces would be approx. 4-5 microns. Volume percentage of quartz present is approx. 10 %. Feldspars are present as long, prismatic fragments upto maximum size of 10 microns. Volume percentage of feldspars is approx. 10-15%. Photomicrograph reference Colour Print 1. EDR A, x 32, Plane Polarised Light, Neg. No. F 2. EDR A, x 32, Plane Polarised Light. Neg. No. 1 3. EDR A, x 32, Plane Polarised Light, Neg. No. 2 4. EDR A. x 85 Crossed Polarised Light, Neg. No. 3 2. SAMPLE: ELEPHANTA SHERD (Pl. XXIV. a) Clay Matrix Ferrugenous clay with presence of hacmatite. longitudinally stretched. Aplastic Inclusion Quartz and feldspars present in clay matrix. Haematite-bearing clay patches appear as Quartz is present as anhedral (angular) fragments having average size of 10-15 microns (upto maximum 20 microns). Volume percentage of quartz is 10 - 15 %. Feldspars are present as many grains lumped together to form linear patches. The size of each grain is approx. 10 - 15 microns while the feldspar patches are approx. 300 - 400 microns long. Feldspar volume percentage is approx. 25 - 30 %.

Comment Similar to samples EDR 5 and EDR 6. Photomicrograph reference Colour Print 1. ELEPHANTA SHERD, x 32. Plane Polarised Light. Neg. No. 8 2. ELEPHANTA SHERD. x 32. Plane Polarised Light, Neg. No. 8 3. SAMPLE : EDR 2 Clay Matrix • Ferrugenous clay with haematite. Carbonates present in the clay. Aplastic Inclusions Quartz and feldspars present. Quartz present as tiny anhedral fragments. Volume percentage of quartz is approx. 10%. Photomicrograph reference Colour Print 1. EDR 2, x 32, Plane Polarised Light, Neg. No. 17 2. EDR 2, x 85, Plane Polarised Light, Neg. No. 18 362 4. SAMPLE : EDR 4 Clay Matrix Ferrugenous clay containing haematite which appear as reddish patches. Due to uneven heating of the clay the ferrugenous patches are not uniformly red. The clay is stretched in a linear pattern. Carbonates present in the clay. Aplastic Inclusions Quartz and Feldspars present. Quartz appears as very small angular fragments. Approx. size: 5 microns. Feldspars are present as lathes or patches of grains lumped together. Volume percentage of Quartz and Feldspar together is approx. 5%. Photomicrograph reference Colour Print EDR 4. x 32, Plane Polarised Light, Neg. No. 14 5. SAMPLE: EDR 5 (Pl. XXIV. b) Clay Matrix Ferrugenous clay containing haematite which show up as reddish patches. Clay stretched in linear orientation. Carbonates also present.

363 Aplastic Inclusions Quartz and Feldspars present. Quartz present as angular grains of av. 10 - 12 micron size. Volume percentage of quartz is approx. 10 - 15 %. Feldspars appear as long patches formed by many grains lumped together. Av. size of individual feldspar grains is approx. 10-15 microns and the feldspar patches are approx. 300-400 microns long. Comment Similar to sample EDR 6 and ELEPHANTA SHERD. However this sample does not appear to be as highly heated as EDR 6 and ELEPHANTA SHERD as indicated by presence of carbonates which are nearly absent in the latter samples. Heating at higher temperature would have resulted in lessening of carbonate content and augmenting of the haematite content in the clay by the iron released by the carbonates. Photomicrograph reference Colour Print 1. EDR 5, x 2, Plane Polarised Light, Neg. No.6 2. EDR 5, x 85, Plane Polarised Light. Neg. No. 7 6. SAMPLE: EDR 6 (Pl. XXIV. c) Clay Matrix Ferrugenous clay containing haematite. Highly heated as the iron in the clay appears very red. Carbonates present in negligible amount. Aplastic Inclusions Quartz and Feldspar present. Quartz appears as angular grains 10-15 microns in average size. Some grains are larger, approx. 25 - 30 microns: Volume percentage of quartz is approx. 10-15% Feldspars are present as long lathes formed by a number of grains joined together. Approx. size of lathes is 300 - 400 microns. Comment Similar to samples EDR 5 and ELEPHANTA SHERD. Photomicrograph reference Colour Print 1. EDR 6, x 32. Plane Polarised Light, Neg. No. 15 2. EDR 6. x 85, Plane Polarised Light, Neg. No. 16.

364 7. SAMPLE : EDR 7 Clay Matrix Ferrugenous clay containing haematite. Stretched out in linear orientation. Carbonates present as congregations. Aplastic Inclusions Quartz and Feldspars present. Quartz is present as tiny grains approx. 5 microns. Volume percentage of quartz is approx. 5%. Feldspars are present as both rounded and angular grains. Also feldspars appear as lumped together in linear lathes. Some feldspars are of 50 - 60 micron size. Photomicrograph reference Colour Print EDR 7. x 85, Plane Polarised Light, Neg. No. 13 8. SAMPLE : EDR 10 Clay Matrix Ferrugenous clay containing haematite. Clay oriented in linear direction. Aplastic Inclusions Quartz and Feldspars present. Quartz present as tiny, angular grains of av. size of 5 - 8 microns. Volume percentage of quartz is approx. 10 %. Feldspars appear as long grains approx. 12-15 microns long and 3 microns across. Volume percentage of feldspar is approx. 12-15 %. Photomicrograph reference Colour Print 1. EDR 10, x 32, Plane Polarised Light. Neg. No. 4 2. EDR 10, x 85, Plane Polarised Light. Neg. No. 5 9. SAMPLE: EDR 13 Clay Matrix Ferrugenous clay containing haematite. Carbonates present. Aplastic Inclusions Quartz and Feldspars present as very small grains approx. 7 - 8 microns. The volume percentage of Quartz and Feldspar together is 10-15%.

Photomicrograph reference Colour Print 1. EDR 13. x 32. Plane Polarised Light. Neg. No. 19 2. EDR 13, x 85. Plane Polarised Light, Neg. No. 20 365 10. SAMPLE : EDR 14 Clay Matrix Ferrugenous clay containing haematite. Carbonate-rich fractions present as round and semi-round globules. Aplastic Inclusions Quartz. Feldspar and Mica present. Quartz appears as angular grains of 25 - 30 micron size. Volume percentage of quartz is 10 - 15 %. Feldspars are arranged in long lathes. Volume percentage of feldspar is 20) %. A rare single grain of mica of rectangular shape and approx. 100 micron size was observed. Photomicrograph reference Colour Print EDR 14. x 32, Plane Polarised Light. Neg. No. 10