Appendix 7.8 - Musical Instruments from Ancient Africa

[Full title: A view of few Musical Instruments from other Ancient World Cultures (8) Africa]

AFRICAN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS 393 KPOKO KPOKO Double-ended wood bells come from the Ebo tribe of south-central Nigeria. The rattles produce a very unique wood rattling sound. Lightweight, natural wood with a woodsy-clangy sound. ZULU HIDE DRUM Great sounding hand drums covered in kudu hide. RHYTHM GOURD shells create the incredible percussive sound of this African rhythm instrument.

NORTH AFRICAN STORY TELLERS DRUM Traditional story tellers drum made in Morocco. Skin on both sides. KORA African Harp RASTA Ashiko type drum from Ghana with goatskin head. 394

BOUGARABOU 395 Traditional drum from the Ivory Coast with COW skinhead. BOUGARABOU DRUM Bougarabous are the Ivory Coast version of a Conga Drum. AFRICAN SISTRUM Great for rituals or a fun rhythm instrument, wonderful when using two at a time. Still used as magical ceremonial rattles. NUTSHELL SHAKERS Shakers made of nut shells, quite loud with a sharp sound

GUDUGUDU Nigerian small wood kettle drums played with thin rawhide sticks. 396 GUNGON Traditional Gungon of the Dagombas of Northern Ghana. Curved stick and shoulder strap included. This amazing drum has deep thundering sound. This similar to Junjun, which is traditionally played with Djembes and Ashiko drums UDU DRUMS The beautiful Udu Drum originates from Nigeria. Surprisingly, it began not as a percussion instrument, but as a common clay pot made for carrying water. When a potter from the ancient Ibo tribe inadvertently made an opening in the side of one of his vase-shaped water vessels, he discovered the pot's earthy, musical sound. Because some believed its haunting tone to be the "voice of the

397 ancestors," the simple side-hole drum - sculpted entirely from earth, water, fire, and air came to be an important part of religious ceremonies in southern and central Nigeria. Though the drum had different names depending on the region in which it was used, "udu" was the Ibo name, meaning both "pottery" and "peace" in the tribal language. AFRICAN REED SHAKER Great rhythm instrument from Africa ZAMBIA RATTLES JUNGLE RATTLES Wonderful rattles from Kenya

SHEKERES Shekeres are gourds covered with a woven, beaded webbing. These are authentic instruments made in Africa AFRICAN HARPS Interesting small harps from Kenya. GOJE One string fiddle from northern Ghana. 398

GOURD RATTLES Made from a gourd with a natural wooden handle these African rattles are a great percussion instrument for many purposes. AFRICAN SISAL RATTLES African Basket Rattles Small handwoven rattle from Mali. 399 WHIRLING DRUMS Hold these drums (tik-tak drums) between both of your palms and rub back and forth making the drums whirl. The sound changes with your rhythm and speed.

400 Talking Drums 004 The Adondo "Talking Drums" are widely used in Ghana especially by the Ashantis. They send messages of happiness, sorrow, war etc., to other tribes through the beating of the drum. They are called "Talking Drums" because they can produce a wide range of pitches by squeezing the drum under your arm as you strike the head. BATA DRUMS The bata family of drums originates with the Yoruba people of Nigeria. They were brought to the New World by Africans and are still used in the sacred music of Santeria.

CLAVES 1 5 401 A pair of cylindrical sticks with tapered ends that give a clear ringing tone when struck together. They come in two different woods: either Jackfruit wood (dark golden colour) or Crocodile wood (blonde colour). CAJON The Cajon is a descendant of box drums made and played by slaves. Today they are found in Peru and Cuba. KRET Traditionally played in Latin percussion ensembles, it is played by scraping a stick across the grooves to create an interesting and varied percussion sound.