Essay name: Glories of India (Culture and Civilization)
Author: Prasanna Kumar Acharya
This book, “Glories of India on Indian Culture and Civilization”, emphasizes the importance of recognizing distinct cultural traits across different societies. The historical narrative of Indian civilization highlights advancements in agriculture, medicine, science, and arts, tracing back to ancient times. The author argues for the need to understand the past to meaningfully engage with the present and future.
Page 465 of: Glories of India (Culture and Civilization)
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INDIAN CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION
was popular in Kashmir, Tibet and Nepal and reached
Ceylon also. It comprises a Dhatupatha, Gaṇapātha,
Uṇādisutra, and Paribhashā-sūtra, Kasyapa (about 1200),
wrote a sort of commentary on it, Bālavabodhana, which
became popular in Ceylon. The Samkshiptasira of
Kamadiśvara (after 1150) deals in seven chapters with
Sanskrit and in one chapter with Prakrit grammar. It
was popular in West Bengal. East Bengal favoured
Padmanabhadatta's Supadma-Vyakaraṇa (1375), Bihar
and Benares the Sasvati-Prakriya with commentary by
A nubhuti Svarūpa.
Treatises on gender known as Lingānusāsana are
ascribed to Fāṇini, Vararuchi, Harshadeva (605-647),
Vamana (about 800), Sakaṭāyana and
Sakaṭāyana and
Hemachandra.
They are also appended to Lexicons.
LEXICON
Further analysis of language is shown in
in
the
lexicons where collections of terms under various
categories are made. Yaska in his Nirukta (B. C.
500) first recorded such collections of Vedic terms
for the purpose of interpretation of sacred texts The
Kolas of classical Sanskrit, on the other hand, supply
lists of words bearing same or similar meanings.
Thus the Dictionaries are of two kinds, viz., synonymous
in which words are grouped by subject-matter, and
hononymous (nāuārtha) in which words of different
meanings are grouped together. References are found
to Katyayana's Namamālā, Vāchaspati's Sabdārṇava,
Vikramaditya's Samsīrāvarta, and Vyadi's Utpalini.
Fragments of a dictionary exist in Weber's Mss. found
in Kashgar The well known dictionary of Amara-
sinha (about 8th century), the Nama-lingānuśāsana,
is usually known as Amarakcśa.
It is synonymous,
arranged in three books of subjects, with an appendix
in the last on homonyms, indeclinables, and genders.
Commentaries were written on it by
it by
Kshirasvamin
(11th century), Vandyaghatiya Sarivānanda (1159), and
Rayamukutamaṇi (1531). Purushottamadeva (15th
century) wrote the Trikandasesha, and the Haravali of
synonyms and homonyms refers to very rare terms,
many being from Buddhist texts. Sasvata's Anekārtha
Samuchchaya belongs to the period of Amarakosa. In
about 950 Halayudha's Abhidhana-ratna-mālā and a
