Index

A INDEX Abhidamma pitaka, Pali scripture, contents of, 433-434. Abhidhana-chintamani, lexicon, 431. Abhidhana-ratnamala, lexicon, 430. Abhinavagupta, defines suggestion, 424. Abhisheka-nataka, drama, 380 Abhyudayika, sacrifice, 7. Achara, Jain scripture, contents of, 435-436. Adbhuta-darpana, drama, 406-406. Adinatha, Jain apostle, 434 Agamas, dealing with worship of female de ties and Siva and Vishnu, 330, number of, 338-339, compared with Nigama, 339. Agama-siddhantas, sacred Prakrit texts of Jainas, 434. Agnipurana, defines poetry, 26. Agni and Svaha, union of, 1. Agnivesa, on medical science, 25%. Agriculture, scientific operations, 87-88, officers to inspect, 88. Ajanta, paintings at, 236-240. Akhyana, narrative, 366 Akhyata, verb, 428. Akhyayika, tale, 366. Akshepa, figure, 423. Alankara-sarvasva, on poetics, 426. Alankara-samgraha, treatise, 423- 424. Algebra, origin of, xix, 265-266. Amarachandra, on poetics, 427. Amarakosa, lexicon, 430. Amarasinha, lexicographer, 430. Amaruka, poet, 351. Amaru-sataka, poem, 351. Ambashtaka, stotra, 357. Amritamanthana, drama, 419. Ananda--agara-stava, prayer book 358. Anandavardhana, playwright, 400. 424, 357. Anguttara-nikaya, Pali text, 433. Analysis of words, antiquity of, 428 Anatomy, known to Vedas, 232. Ananvaya, figure, 428. Anekarthakosa, lexicon, 431. Anekartha-sa muchchaya, lexicon 430. Anekartha-samgraha, lexicon, 431. Angas, twelve Jain scriptures in Prakrit, 434-435. Angiras and Sraddha, union of, 1 Angkor vat, temple, 191. Animal worship, 154-156. Animism, 154. Anna-prasana, sacrament, 25. Annogadara, Jain text in Prakrit, 435. Antyeshti (Sraddha), sacrifice, 37. Anukramani, index to Vedas, character and varieties of, 308 attached to different Vedas, 308-309. Anuloma, marriage, object of, 57. Anuttara-rupa-patiko sa, ninth Jaina Anga, 435. Annyoga dvara, Jaina encyclopedia, 436. Apabhramisas, sources of verna. culars, Hindi, etc., 290. A padana, Pali text, 433. Apanvuti, figure, 428. to Appayya Dikshita, playwright, 427. Aprastuta-prassamsa, figure, 427. Aptoryama, festivity, 44-45. Aranyakas, as appendices Brahmanas, 300, contents of, 300, relation with Upanishads, 301. Archery, sc ence of, 276. Archika, part of Samaveda, 294. Architecture, antiquity of, xix, standard treatises on, 271-272 275-276. Arsha, form of marriage, 4-5. Arisinha, on poetics, 427. Arithmetic, origin of, xix, 263, 265. Army Command, 13-137. Arthantara-nyasa, figure, 423. Arthasastra, origin of, 251, 277, subjects discussed in, 278-279, com pared with Machiavalli, 279, 365. Arthavyakti, explicitness, 422. Artificial poetry, nature of, 331. Art of playing, four elements of, 376-377.

Aryabhatta, astronomer, xix, 263- 264. Arya-saptasati, poem, 352. Aryan speech, ancestor of all speeches of India and Iran, 289. Ashtadhyayi, eight chapter grammar, contents of, 429. Ashta mahasri, stotra of Harshavardhana, 357. Asrama, varieties of, 28. Agrumukha, sacrificeto the dead, 41. Ashtanga Samgraha, medical treatise, 254. Astrology, basis of, 262, text books on, 262, 263. Astronomy, 258, 263, antiquity of, 258, 259, achievements summerized, 261, 262. Asura, form of marriage, 6. Asvaghosha, playwright, 377. Atharva and Santi, union of, 1. Atharva Veda, priests of, 245, number of hymns and contents of, 296, mentioning objects indicating later growth, 296. Atiratra, sacrifice, 44. Atisayokti, figure, 428. Atmarpana, stuti, 358. Atreya, on medical science, 252. Atri and Anusuya, union of, 1. Altars, ten kinds of. 50-51, varieties of, 80, giving rise to temples, 80. Auchitya-vichara, on poetics, 427. Avanti, style of composition, 422, 423, 424. Basavadatta of Subandhu, drama, 358, 360, 361. Baudhayana, discoverer of so-called Pythagorus theorem, 266. Bilhana, poet, 351, stotra by, 358 Bengali painters, Abanindra, etc, 249. Bhagavati-vyakhya-prajnapti, fifth Jaina Anga, contents of, 435. Bhagavat-sarana-stotra of Brahmananda, 358. Bhallata-sataka, poem, 354. Bhamoha, on poetics, 423, 425. Bhamini-vilasa of Jagannatha, on maxims, 354. Bhanika, one act piece, 420. Bhana, comic plays, 412, a type of drama, 420. Bhanuchandra, on poetics, 427. Bhaktamara stotra of Manatunga, 357. Bharadvaja, on medical science, 252. Bharavi, poem of, 347. Bharata-champu of Ananta, 365. Bharataka-dvatrimsika, folk tale, 375. Bharatavarsha, parts of, 106-107. Bhartihari, poet, 351, grammarian, 429. Bhasa, earliest playwright, 377, references to 13 dramas of, 378-383, dramas by, 41-420. bhaskaracharya, astronomer, xix, 260, discovery of centre of gravity 500 years earlier than Newton, 261-267. Avantika, style of composition, 426. Bhaskara kavi, playwright, 41 5. Asvamedha, sacrifice, 45-46. second Jain Mula Avasyaki, sutta, 436. Avimaraka, drama, 380-381. Avritt, figure, 423. Ayodhya, city plan and buildings in, 82. Ayokti-muktalata-sataka of Sambhu, anthology, 354. Ayurveda, on medicine and surgery 252. B Bala-Bharata, drama, 403. Balabhadra, poet, 352. Bala-Ramayana, drama, 403. Balavodhana, grammar, 430. Baraha mihira, on astronomy, 259. Barabudar, stupa, 191-192, 219-221. Bhatta-narayana, playwright, 396. Bhatta Nayaka, commentator, 425. Bhatti kavya, general feature of, 347-348. Bhavabbuti, dramas by, 392-393. Bhava-prakasa, on pathology, 254. Bhava sataka of Nagaraja, maxims, 354. Bheda, on medical science, 252-253- 254. Bhikshu-griha, monastery, 169. Bhikshatava-kavya, Sivadasa, 358. stotra, Bhimatha, drainas by, 404. Bhoja, playwright, 426. Bhrigu and Khyati, union of, 1. Bhrantimat, figure, 427. Bhuta yajna, sacrifice, 35-36. of

Bilhana, playwright, 409. Board of builders, 271. Bodhicharyavatasra of Santidevapoem on moral theme, 354. Botanic dictionary, 431. Brahmanas, character of 298, attached to different Vedas, 298- 299, function of, 299, records of sacrificial deeds, theological and philosophical thoughts in, 299, age of, 300. Brahma-yajna, sacrifice by house holders, 35-36. Brahmacharin, ceremonies, 28.29, sacrifice and vows of, 29.31. Brahmagupta, xix, arithmetical operations by, 264. Brahma and Savitri, union of, 1. Brahma, form of marriage, 4. Brihad-devata, source of maxims, 354. of KsheBrihatkatha of Gunadhya, 309-371. Brihat-katha-manjari mendra, 372. Buddha, recognized as an incarnation, effect of, 431. Buddhism, 150, origin of, 323-324, categories of, 324-325, texts on, 325-326. Buddhist councils, growth of, 432. Buddhaghosha, dramas of, 377-378. Buddhaghoshacharya, poet, 35. Buddhavamsa, Pali text, 433. Buildings, in Buddha's time, 82, five classes of, 82-83, various rooms in, 83, classification of Manasara, 84. C Calanine, making of, 257. Calendar, with 366 day year, 258. Canonical treatises, of Jains and Buddhists, partly practical, 331. Cardinal numbers, discovery of, 265. Caste system, starting of, 60-61, restrictions on, effects of, 61-62. Chaitanya-chandrodaya, 409. drama, Chalukyas, temples of, 178-179, inscriptions of, 341. Champaka-Sreshthi-Kathanaka of Jinakirti, story, 375. Champu, type of literature, 364. Chanakya-rajaniti, poem, 353. 56 441 stotra Chanda kausika, drama, 405. Chandisataka of Bana, stotra, 357, Chanli-kucha-panchasika, of Lakshanacharya, 358. Chandra, grammar marian, 429-430. and gra mChandraloka, manual of figures, 427. Chakrapanidatta, chemist, 254, 257. Charchastava, prayer book, 358. Charaka, xvi, xviii, physician of Kanishka, his work on medicine, etc., 252, 253. Charitras, Jain imitations of Sanskrit Purinas, 437, of Siddharshi, 375. Chariya.pitaka, Pali text, 433. Charu-charya-sataka, etiquette, 355. book of Charudatta, drama, 382-383. Categories, of various system of philosophy compared, 327. Chatakashtaka, ou maxims, 354. Chaturvarga-sangraha, ends of life, 355. Chaura-panchasika, poem, 351. Chemistry, works on, 257-258. Chhanda, metre, 305-306. on four Chhaya nataka, shadow play, 415. Chheda Suttas, seven, on Jain monks and nuns, resembling Buddhi-t Vinayapitaka and Vedic Kalpasutras, 436. Chheya-suttas, Jain texts in Prakrit, 435. Chikitsa-zara-sagraha, 254. Chitravidya, on painting, 276. Chitra, figure, 424. Chitra-bharata, draina, 406. (hronicles, in Pali, 434. Chullavagga, Pali text, 433. Chadakarana, sacrament, 25-26. Classical literature, compared with Vedic literature, 3.1. Classical Sanskrit, development of, 289, no artificial product, 290. Clothes, varieties of, 70-72. Coinage, origin and use of, 97-99. Colonization of Hindus, without exploitation, xx. Communnity marrige, origin of, 57. Commentaries, in Pali, 434. Consonants, origin from and

412 classification of, 291. Cooking, 66, art of, 69-70. Copper, making of, 257. Copper pyrites, making of, 237. Courses of study, 31-33. Court of justice, 128. INDEX poem of, 349. Dhanika, playwright, 420. Dharma-pariksha, on prostitutes, 355. Jain ethics Dharma-sarmabhyudaya of Harichandra, Jain poem, 365. Civil administration, 127-128, high Dharmasastra, contents of 282 principles of, 135-136. Civilization, derivation of, vii, aims of and characterised by, viI-viii, ideal condition of, xi-xii, antiquity of, xxii-xiii. Currency, in ancient India, 97. Culture, etymological meaning of, v, denotation and types of, v-vi, as compared with civilization, vi-vii, showing mental and material progress, viii, ideal condition of, xi-xii. D Dandantti, policy of punishment,277. Dandin, stotra by, 358, definition of poem by, 422, 423. Danakali-kaumudi, play, 415. Damodara Misra, playwright, 416. Daiva, form of marriage, 4, grammar, 429. Daksha and Prasuti, union and chil. dren of, 2. Darsana, character of, 310, various schools ot, 311, date and origin of, 311-312. Darga-purnamasa, sacrifice, 42. Dasa-kumara-charita of Dandin, novel, 358 359, 360. Dasanama mala, lexicon, 431. Dasarapa of Dhananjaya, on dramaturgy, 418. Dasa-vaikulika, third Jain Mula sutta, 436. 283, 365. Dharma-sutra, function of, 303, 304. Dhanurveda, science of, 276. Dla,ukatha, Pali text, 433. Dhatupatha, grammar, 429. Dhatupradipa, grammar. 429. Dhaturupa, grammar. 429. Dhoyi (Dhoi), poet, 352, 357. Dhurta-nartaka, farce, 412. Dharta- amagama, farce, 411. Dhvanyaloka, on poetics, 424-425. Dhvani, doctrine of, 424, inference of, 425-426. Dictionaries, two kinds of, 430. Digambaras, Jain sect, 434. Digga-nikaya, Pali text, 433. Dipaka, figure, 423,424. Discrepancy, causes of, xii-xiii. Dispensaries, equipments of, xviii. Ditthi-vyaya, twelfth Jaina Anga, 435. Divine Being, asexual life of, 2. Divinities, nature and function of, 46-48. Dravidian temples, 179.180-181. Dramas and Plays, compared, 377-431. Drama, its place in Indian poetry and society, 417, 418. · Dress, varieties of, 73, mode of, 74. Drishtanta, figure, 424, 427. Drishtanta Sataka of Kusumadeva, maxims, 354. Damayanti-katra, story, 364. Durgasinha, grammarian, 429. Defects (in poetry), varieties of 422 Durmallika, type of drama, 421. Deities, nature of, 46-48 Departmental Heads, 118-119. Descendent languages of Sanskrit, 437. Deva, grammarian, 429. Deva-yajna, sacrifice, 35-36, 44. Devisataka, hymns of Anandavardnana, 357. Dhamma-samgini, Pali text, 433. Dhammapada, Pari text, 433. Dhanapala, lexicographer, 431. Dhananjaya, lexicographer, 431, Dutangada of Subhata, shadow play, 415-416. Dataghatotkacha, drama, 379. Dutavakya, drama, 380. Duties of king, 138-140. Dvadasa-panjarika, same as Mohamudgara, 354. Dvipavansa, history of Ceylon, 343. Dvirupakos, lexicon, 431, Dwelling, first effort to make, 77, materials of, 77. Dynasties of kings, 111-112.

• E INDEX Ecclesiastical, administration, 141. · Economics, science of, 277-278. Eight fold, system of arithmetic, 265-266. Ekakshara-kosa, lexicon, 431. Ekavali, of Vidyadhara, on dramaturgy, 419. Ekavali on poetics, 426. Embriology, 252. Epics, dealing with hero worship 331, two classes of, 332 333, in Pali, 434. Ethical poems, 353-356. Ethics, principles of, 142-143. Eugenics, science o', 267-271. Expenditure, heads of, 126 127. Export, trade of, xx. F Fancy, figure, 423. Figures, list of, 423. Figures, of scund and of sense, 422, smallest and biggest, 104, significance of, 104 105. Fire altars, construction implying the origin of temples, 304-305. Five tribes in Vedic age, 58-59. Five varnas, 59-60. Five vows, of Jainism, 435. Food stuffs, 66, preparation of, 67, classification of, 68-69. Fraction, knowledge of, 265-266. Furniture, varieties of, 81-82, of improved style in Buddha's time, 83-84 Funeral rites, 41, 42, 43. G Gadya-chintamani of Udayadeva alias Vadivasinha, 365. Gandhara, style of images, 210- 211. Ganaratna-mahodadhi, grammar, 429. Ganapatha, grammar, 429. Gangadhara-pratapa-vilasa, drama, 407. Ganadharas, schools, 435, Gandharva, torm of marriage, 6. heads of Jain 443 Garhasthya, household life, 36-39, sacrifices, 35-39. Garbhadhana, sacrament, 19. Gautama, as author of Nyayasutra. 316. Gaudi, style of composition, 423. Geometry, 263, 265 266-267. Ghatastava, poem 388. Ghatakarpara, poem and author, 351 Gita-govinda, lyric, 352-353, opera, 416-417. Gopila-chandrika of Ramakrshna, opera, 416.417. Gopinatha wright, 411. Chakravarti, Goshtha, type of drama, 420. Govardhana, poet, 352. Gramya, manner, 424. playGrammarians, achievements and analytical skill of, 289, not creators of classical Sanskrit, 290. Gidartha-prati, figure, 427. Gribya. tras, making laws of marriage, 3, character of, 304. Gunadhya, poet, 369. Gun (qualities). ten varieties in composition, 422. Hala, poet, 352, H Halayudha, poem of, 348, stotra by, 358, lexicographer, 430. Hallisa, type of drama, 420. Hanuman-ataka, play, 416. Haravijaya, poem, 349. Ha.avali, lexicon, 430. Hari chandra, poet, 365. Harsha, dramas by, 389. Harshacharita, biography, 343. Harshavardhana, stotra by, 357. Harshadeva, grammar by, 430. Hasya-chudamani, farce, 412. Hassarnava, farce, 44, Havis yajnas, sacrifices, 40, 42. Hayagrivavadha, poem, 348. Head dresses, types of, 72-73. Hemachandra, versatile author, 350, discussing political science, 281, 375, 426, 430, lexicographer, 431, 437. Heriditary occupations, origin and advantages of, 57-58. Hetu, figure, 423.

Hindu chemistry, 251. Hindu mind, achievements of, 428. Hinduism, 158-159. Historical treatises, variety of, 341-343, fourteen works on, 343- 345. Hospitals, variety, equipments, situation of, xvii-xviii. Houses, of Mohenjodaro, 77-78, of Vedic period, 79-80. Hridaya-darpana, 425. commentary, Hyperbole, figure, 423. I of, 162, Incarnations, variety significance of, 162-165. Ihamriga, type of drama, 419-420. Illustrious unions, invokation of, 9. India, concieved as geographical unit, xiii-xiv. Indian art, creative period of, 223. Indian and Greek philosophycompared, 327-328, Indragomin, grammarian, 429. Indra and Sachi, union of, 1. Industry, chief concern of, 89-91. Industrial activities, shown by food, clothes, ornaments, houses, furnitures, 87 Inscriptions, grants to temples, 192- 197. Itivuttaka, Pali text, 433. J Janakiharana, poem, generpal feature of, 348. Jainism, 149-150, origin of, 321. categories of, 321-322, philosophi cal contributions of, 322-323, texts on, 322-323, relation with Brahmanism and Buddhism, 434, two sects of, 434. Jain literature, varieties of, 437. Jain reliefs, 203-204, Jain epics, 436. Jagaddhara, stotras by, 358. Jagadisvara, playwright, 411. Jatakarma, sacrament, 21-24. Jagannatha, defines poetry, 427. Jalhana, poet, 355. Ja aka, Pali text, 483. Jayaditya, grainmaian, 429. Jayadeva, poet, 423, drama by, 405, sixth Jaina opera-writer, 416. Jivadharma-katha, Anga, 435. Jinakirti, story-writer, 375. Jinasena, Jain epic writer, 436-437. Jivanandana, drama, 409. Jivandhara, champu composition, 365. Jogimara, paintings at, 236. Jyotisha, astronomy as eye of know ledge 305, 306, function of, 309, Jyotirisvara-kavisekhara, wright, 411. K playKachchayana, grammar, 429. Kalambari of Bann, 358, 361-364. Kadambari-katha-sara, poem, 349. Kaiyata, grammarian, 429. Kalapa, grammar, 429. Kalpa-sutra, character of, 304, Kalicasa, poems of, 347, dramas by, 385-389. Kamadisvara, grammarian, 430. Kamsa-vadha, drama, 406. Kamasastra, 251, subjects discussed in, 269-271, texts on, 268, not limited to sexual love, 270. Kanada, author of atomic theory, 317. Kangra, paintings at, 245-246. Kanti, loveliness, 422. Kappanabhudaya, poem, 349. Kapila, author of Sanikhya system of philosophy, 318. Karaka, case, 428. Karuna-lahari, stotra, of Jagannatha, 358. Karna-Sundari, drama of Bilhan, 409. Karnamrta, stotra by lilasuka, 357. Karnabt.ara, drama, 379. Karpura-manjari, drama, 403-404. Kartavirya, poem, 438. Kasyapa, physician, 252, grammarian, 430. Kasika vrtti, grammar, 429. Kasyapa and Aditi, union of, 1. Katantra, grammar, 429. Katha-kosa, Jain story of Nala, 375. Kathanakas, short stories, 437. Katharnava, 35 tales of Sivadasa 374-375.

Kathavatthu, Pali text, 434. Katha-sarit-sagara of Somadeva, ocean of stories, 371. Katyayana, grammarian, 429. Katyana-Smriti, law-book, 285. Kalyana-mandira-stotra, of Siddhasena Divakara, 357, Kaumara, grammar, 429. Kaumudi-mitrananda, drama by Ramachandra, 410. Kautuka-ratnakara, farce, 412. Kautuka-sarvasva, farce, 411-412. Kaviraja-raja, title of Jayadeva, poet, 352. Kavi-karna-pura, playwright, 409. Kavikanthabharana, on poetics, 427. Kavindra-vachana-samuchchayaon various subjects, 355. Kavya, one act piece, 420. Kavyaprakasa, on poetics, 426. Kavirahasya, poem, 348. Kavyadarsa, on poetics, 422, Kavyanusasana, on poetics, 426. Kavyalankara, on poetics, 423, 424. Kavyalinga, figure, 424. Kavyamimaisa, on poetics, 424- 425. Kavyas, poems, showing imagination and effort to beautify form of language, 330-331, general feature of, 345-346, in Pali, 434. Kavyakalpalata, on poetics, 427. Kesavasvamin, lexicographer, 431. Khandakas, Pali text, contents of, 433. Kharavela, inscription cf, 341. Khemisvara, dramas by, 405. Khuddaka-nikaya, Pali text, 433. Khuddakapatha, Pali text, 433. Kingship, responsibilities of, 108- 109. King's establishment, 124-125. Kira.arjuniya of Vatsaraja, vyayoga play, 413. Kirtanas, songs of Sadasiva, 358. Kratu and Kriya, union of, 1. Krishnalilaguka, grammarian, 429. Krishnalilamrita, stotra of LilaSuka, 357. Krishnamisra, playwright, 407. Krit, suffixes, 428. Kshemendra, 372, playwright, 406. poems of 349, defines poetry, 427. Kshirasvamin, lexicographer, 430. 445 Kumaradasa, author of Janakiharana poem, 348. Kula-sekhara-varman, playwright, 406. Kuntala, playwright, 425. Kurvant, present tense, 428. Kuandika, type of sacrifice, 7. Kuttanimata of Damodara Gupta, on love, 354. Kuvalayananda, stotras by, 358, on poetics, 427. L L. C. C.-methods of, 266. Lake, at Junagarh, 170. Lalita-malhava, drama, 406. Lata-kamalika, farce, 410.411. Latakamalekha, farce, 410-411. Lati, style of poetry, 422. Laws, formulated to suit various individuals and groups, xiii. Law-suits, eighteen topics of, 128- 129. Lenses, making of, 258. Lesa, figure, 423. Lexicons, 430-431, in Pali, 434. Limited monarchy, 112. Linganugasana, grammar, 429, 430. Liquor, two kinds of. 67, process of preparation, 67-68. Literature, achievements in, xx. Liamadhukara, drama, 420. Lilasuka, story-Writer 357. Lochana, commentary, 424. Lokanyaya, figure, 427. M Mada-bala-sarasvati, playwright, 409. Madalasa, Champu type of composition 364. Madhavanala-katha, Ananda, 374. story by Malhava, grammar, 429. Madhurya, sweetness in poetry, 422. Mathavakara, on pathology, 254. Madhusudana, playwright, 416. Madhyama-vyayoga, drama, 378- 379. Magadhi, style of composition, 422, 426.

446 · Maharaja-parajaya, Yasahpala, 408. INDEX drama by Mahabhashya, great commentary, 428. Mahanatakas, type of dramma, 416. Mahakavyas, big poems general features of, 346-347. Mahabharata, great epic, main features of 333-336, compared with Ramayana, 333, national poem, 335, four-fifths devoted to moral lessons, 336, recognition of fables in, 365. Mahadeva, playwright, 405. Mahavagga, Pali text, 433. Mahavamsa, history, 343. Mahavira, Jain apostle, 434. Mahavira-charita, drama, 394. Mahendravikrama, play wright, 391. Mahesvara, lexicographer, 431. Mahimnal stava, famous prayer of Pushpadanta, 358. Mahiman Bhatta, playwright, 425. Majjhima-nikaya, Pali text, 433. Maitreya, grammarian, 429. Malati-Madbava, drama, 392-394. Malavika, drama, 420. Malavikagnimitra, Kalidasa, 385. dramma by Malhana, stotra by, 358. Mallika-maruta, dramma, 409-410. Mammata, on poetics, 424, 426. Manushya yajna, household sacrifice, 35-36. Manava-dharmasutra, 283. law book, Manatunga, stotra-writer, 35%. Manolasa (stotra), 358. Mangalashtaka stotra, prayer, 357. Mankha, lexicographer, 431. Manmatha and Rati, union of, 1. Manikya sari, poem of, 349. Manes receiving oblation, 48-50. Manasara vastusastra, chapters and contents of, 271. Manusha, form of marriage. 5. Manu-Smriti, contents of, 283-284, importance of, 286-287. Marga, school or style of poetry, 422. Marriage, as as contra ct and sacrament, 3, as union in the same body, 3, eight forms of, 3-7, involving various principles, 78, laws of, compiled by seers, 3, codified in Grilya-sutras 3, Brahma 4, Daiva 4, Arsha 4, Manusha and Prajapatya 5, Asura 6, Gandharva 6, Rakshasa, Paiacha 6-7, age of 7, inain object of, 8, rites and ceremonies and significance thereof, 7-15, promises and vows of, 10, six prayers for, 11-12, second marriage and six other prayers for, 13-14, bondage of, 14, cultural value and material benefits of, 15-16, laws, origin of, xiv, minimum ages prescribed, similarity all over the world, xiv, xv, definition of, 1, in (primitive), medieval and ideal societies, 2. Marichi and Kala, union Material of 1, progress, in food, clothes, dwellings, xv. Mathematics subjects included in, 263. Mattavila a, farce, 391-392. Mayura, poet, 352, 357. Mayura-sataka, poein, 352. Means of livelihood, 64 varieties of, 65-66. Machinery of government, 114-117, for general administration, 117, Medicine, origin of, xvi-xvi. Medical treatment, xvi-xvii. Medieval Society, characteristics of, x. Meghaduta, lyric of Kalidasa, 350-351. Mercury, making of, 357. Merutunga, Jain author, 375. Metaphor, figure of speech, 423. Metres, antiquity of, 421. Meteorology, knowledge of, 258. Military administration, standard of, 140. high Milinda-Panna, Pali canonical work resembling dialogue of Plato, 434. Mineralogy, knowledge cf, 89. Minor schools, non-orthodox systems of philosophy, 326-327. Modern Society, ideology of, x-xi. Mohamudgara, on maxims, 354. Moghal painting, 243-244.

Monastery, fine examples of, 177. Morphology, analysis of words, 291. - 447 Nimbarka, commentary on Brahmasutra of, 315. Nipata, particle, 428. Nirukta, etymology, 305-306, 307, 430. Mrichchhakatika (drama), 383-385. Mudra-Rakshasa, drama, 398-400. Mugdhopadesa of Jalhana on prostitutes, 355. Mukunda mala (stotra), 357. Mula Suttas, Jain text in Prakrit, 435, four on Jain religion, 436. Municipal government, six sections of, 114, 116-117. Niryukti, commentaries in Jain Prakrit, 436. of Kulasekhara Nishkramana, sacrament, 24-25. N Nagarjuna, discovery of distillation and calcination by, 257. Nagananda, drama by Harsha, 390-391. Nagoji-bhatta, grammarian, 429. Naishadhananda, drama, 405. Nikayas, Pali texts, 433. Nalodaya, poem, 350. Nala Chamnu, mixed poem, 364. Nandi Suttas, Jain text in Prakrit, 435-136. Nama-karana, sacrament, 24. Namalinganus asana, lexicon, 400. Nama mala, lexicon, 430, 431. Naman, noun, 428. Nitipradipa, maxim, 354. Niti-ratna, maxims, 354. Niti sataka, poems, 351, maxims, 353. Nitisara, maxims, 354. Niti sastra, 277, 280, 365. Nitivaky amrita, of Somadeva, 280- 281. Novels and stories, 358-365. Nurses, qualifications of, xviii. Nyaya, School of, 316, antiquity of, 316, texts and theory of, 316- 317, figure, 427. Oneness among 61-62. various castes, Ornaments, varieties of, 74-76. Opera, 416. P Padma chudimani, poem, 350. Nanarthanava-saingraha, lexicon. Padmanabhadatta, 431. Nandimukha, sacrifice, 41, 42. Narada-smrti, law book, 281. Nataka, heroic comedy, 419. Natika, feature of, 420. Natural conjugality, illustrating general principle of life, 1, examples of mythological couples, 1. Natyaveda, antiquity of, 418. Natya sastra, 276, 418, of Bharata, 420. Niddesa, Pali text, 433. Nidarsana, figure, 427, Niganthas, Jain sect, 434. Nigamas, dealing with worship of female deities and Siva and Visnu 330, compared with Agamas. Nighantusesha, lexicon, 431. Nilakantha-dikshita, stotras 358. by, 430. grammarian, Padyavali, of Rapagosvamin (stotra), 357. Paisacha, form of marriage, 6-7. Painting, as womanly art, 234, beginning of, 234-235, connected with writing, 235, hunting scenes as earliest examples, 235-236, at Jogimara 236, at Ajanta, 236-241, classification by Taranath, 240- 241, three styles of, 241, during Moghal period, 243-244, Persian miniature, 244-245, at Kangra, 245, Pahari, 247, Rajput, 248, Southern 248-249, Bengali 249, antiquity of, xix-xx. Paka-yajnas, sacrifice, 40, 41. Pahari paintings, 247. Palas, inscriptions of, 341. Pali, could not achieve full growth, 431-432, developed on lines of Dharmasastra, 432, limited to

4.48 Buddhist scripture, 432, lacking in sciences, polity and Artha. Sastra, 432, scriptures in, 432, secondary Prakrit, 290, imitating Sanskrit, 431-432. Pati sambhidasa-magga, Pali text, 433. Painnas, Jain texts in Prakrit, 435. Parivara, Pali text, contents of, 433, Panchali, style, 422, 423, 424, 426. Pancha-danda-chhatra-pravandha, Jain compilation, 374. Panchatantra, story book, 265-368. Pancharatra, school of, 328-329, 379-380, drama, 419. Panchastavi, stotra, 357. Panchasatt, hymns of Maka, 357. Parinama, figure, 427. Panini, grammarian, 428, 429, 430. Parasi-prakasa, lexicon, 431. Parijata-manjari, drama, 409. Parmananda, poet, 552. Partha-parakrama, yoga), 406-407. drama (vyaParisishita, character and function. of, 309-310. Parigishta-parvan, folk tale Hemachandra, 375. Parsvanatha, Jain apostle, 434. Parts of speech, 428. Parvati-parinaya, drama, 401-403. Paururha, manner, 424. of Patanjali, author of Yoga system, 320-428, grammarian, 429. Patimokk ha, Pali text, contents of, 433. INDEX Poetics, 421-428. Positive sciences, 251. Prabodha-chandrodaya, allegorical drama, 407-408. Practical sciences, 251. Prabuddha-Rauhiniya, drama by Ramabhadra Muni, 410. Pradumnabhyudaya, drama, 406. Prahladadeva, playwright, 406. Piakrita-prakasa, grammar, 429. Prakrits derivatives from Sanskrit, 290, contrary views (foot note), varieties originated from and associated with geographical areas, 290, Pali secondary of, 290, Tertiaryar vernaculars of, 290, in dramatic literature frustrating its independent growth, 431-432. Prakaranika, type of drame, 420. Prakaranas, ten on Jain religion, 436, love drama in Prakrit, 437. Prakirnakas, fourteen, miscellania of Jainas, 436. Prakrita lakshmi-namamala, lexicon, 431. Prasna-Vyayakaranani, tenth Jaina Anga, 435. Prasanna-Raghava, drama, 405. Prasada, clearness in composition, 422. Prasthana, dance drama, 420. Pratiloma-marriage, object of, 57. Pratapa-rudriya ot Vidyanatha, on dramaturgy, 418-419. Pratima-nataka, drama, 380. Prativastu upama, figure, 427-428. Pattavalis, Jaina chronicles, 342, Pratijna-yaugandharayana, drama, 437. Patthana, Pali text, 434. Pavilion, at Vijayanagara, 186. Persian paintings, 244. Pinda niryukti, fourth Jain Mula Suttra, 436. Pitakas, Buddhist scriptures, 432. Pitri-yajna, sacrifice, 35-36, 42. Plays, scenes and acts of, 377. Phallism, 154. Philology and grammar, 428-430, Philosophy, various systems of, 144-149, catedories of Jainism, 149-150. Physics, knowledge of, 258. Poems, short and great, compared, 350. 381. Pravandha-chintamani, story book of Merutunga, 375. Pravandhas, semi works in Prakrit, 437. historical Pravandha-kosa story book of Rajasekhara, 375. Prayoga, sacrificial manuals, 307- 308. Freya, figure, 423. Prekshya, composition, 376. Prekshana, one act piece, 421. Primitives, mental and material conditions of, ix-x. Prithviraja.Vijaya, historical poem, 344. Privy Council, 118.

Priyadarsika, drama by Harsha, 390. Professions, according to ability, 57. Professional divisions, 58-59. Public Bath, at Mahenjodaro, 169. Puga, guild of villagers, 116. Puggali-pannati, Pali text, 433-434. Pulastya and Havirbhu, union of, 1. Pulaha and Gati, union of, 1. Puranas, dealing with legends. of Gods and dynasties, 350, stories in, 365, antiquity, definition and number of, 336, contents of, 3ɔ7, encyclopedic nature of, 337, matter, spirit and form of, 337, in Pali 434, of Siddharshi, 375. Punishments, varieties of, 129-134, capital and loss of a limb, etc. 135. Pumisavana, sacrament, 20. Purusha-pariksha, of Vidyapati, story book, 375. Purushakara, grammar, 429. Purvas, Jain text in Prakrit, fourteen in number, 435. Purva-mimamsa, philosophical school of Jaimini, 312, various texts on, 313. Pushpadanta, author of stotra, 358. R Raghava-Naishadhiya, poem, 349. Raghava-Pandaviya-Yadaviya, poem, 349. Rainfall, measuring instruments, 258. Raya Mukutamani, lexicographer, 430. Raja raja-nataka, drama, 407. Rajaniti, royal polity, 277. RajanIti-sa muchchaya, 353. Rajput painters, 248. maxims, Rajasekhara, dramas by, 403, playwright, 424. Rajatarangini, history, 343-344. Rakshasa, form of marriag>, 6. Ramabhudaya, drama, 400-401. Rama-prasada-stava, prayer, 358. Ramiyan, main features of, 332. 333, compared with Mahabharata, 57 449 333, national poem, 335-336. Ramavana chann, of Bhoja and Lakshmana, 365. Ramanuja, theory and date of, 315. Ramavarman, playwright, 406. Rama--tava-kansayoni, prayer of Ramabhadra, 358, Rasa, sentiments, 421 422. Rasagangadhara, on poetics. 427. Rasarnava, on making metallic things, 257. Rasavat, figure, 423. Rasaka, one act piece, 420 Rasamanjui, on poetic-, 427. Rasayani sastra, Chemistry, 257. Rasataranglni, on poetics, 427. Rahtrakutas, in-criptions of. 341. Rathas, at Mammallapurami, 180. Runakara, author of Haravijava, 349, 357. Rata sastra, on jewellery, 276. Ratna-parikshaa, on test of gems, 258 Rinavali, drama by Harsha, 389- 390. Ravan vadha, poeni, 350. Ravivarian, playwright, 406. hecords of thought, variety of, 331. Religion, method of approach, 160, need for education in, 166, rise of various forms of, 151-152, 167. Reli ious poems, compilations of, 356-365. Renunciation (Sannyasa). 55-56. Republics, reference to, 113-114, Retired life, 51-53, varieties of, 53-54. Revenues, sources of, 120-121, 125- 126. Rigveda, recensions of, 293.294, schools of, 293, antiquity ot, 293- 294, industrial workers at the time of, 293, four varnis or castes recognized in, 293-294, commentators of, 204, germ of story in, 365. Rishava-panniski of Dhanapala, on maximi -, Ri 1, doctrine of, 423. River worship, 157. Rogavinischaya, treatise on diagnosis of diseases, 254, 354.

Rudradaman, inscriptions of, 341. Rudrata, on poetics, 424, 425. Rupa Goswamin, playwright, 357, 406, 415. Rupaka, figure, 427, Rukmini-harana drama, 406, 414. cf Samkalpa-suryodaya, drama by Venkatanatha, 409. Sanikya, philosophical school of, 318-319, theory of, 319, texts on, 319.320. Vatsuraja, Samsaravarta, lexicon, 430. Ravanarjuniya, poem, 348. Salapaka, type of drama. 420.421. Samkiptasara, grammar, 430. Ruyyaka, classifies figures, 426, Samiti, political council, 115. 427, S Sabdarnava, lexicon, 430. Sabha, political assembly, 115. Sacrifices, five sets, 35, three sets, 39. Sacraments, observed by all civilized races, 16, number and varieties of, 16, authorities on, 16-17, eighteen varieties of, 17, showing responsibilities of married life, 18, elucidation of ceremonies, 19-20. Sadukti-karnamrita of Sridharadasa, collection of sayings, 355. Saivism, 160-161, two schools of, 329-330. Sakalijani stava, prayer, 358. Sakala, School of Vedas, 293. Sakta, School of religion, 330. Sakatayana, grammarian, 430. Saktism, worship of female deity, 159-160. Sakuntala, drama by Kalidasa, 386-389. Salivahana-katha of Sivadasa, 374. Samaraja-Dikshita, playwright, 406, 412. Samasa, compound words, 428. Samasokti, figure, 423. Samata, poetic comprehension, 422. Samaveda, chanting priority of, 294, content of, 294, parts of, 294, songs and metres of, 294, Samaya-matrika, on love-making, 354-355. Samavartana, sacrament, 33. Samyak-tattva-kaumudi, 375 story, Samhitas, dealing with worship of female deities, Siva and Vishnu, 330. Samadhi, special sense of, 422. Samudragupta, inscription of, 341. Sandeha, figure, 427. Sandhi, euphonic combination, 428. Saugarama, monastery, 169. Sanghas, monastery, 115-116. Samyutta-nikaya, Pali text, 433. Sankara, figure, 427. Sankara Bhashya, philosophical theory and date of, 314. Sankaracharya, philosopher, 357, as maxim-writer, 354. Sankhadhara Kaviraja, playwright, 410. Sankara-sveta-vilasa, champu of Chetasinha, 365. Sanskrit, antiquity and home of, not recasted from Prakrits, 288- 289, laws indicating cultural importance and Hindu civilization, 291, accents in Vedic period, 291, Santa, sentiment of, 424. Santi Sataka, maxims, 353. Saptapadi, ceremony in marriage, significance of, 10. Saptasati, poem, 352. Sarana, poet, 352. on Sarasvati stotra, prayer of, 357. Sarasvati-kanthabharana, poetics, 364, 426. Saradatilaka, drama, 420. Sarangadhara, use of opium and , quicksilver by, 254. Sarangadhara-paddhati, tion, 355. compilaSarivananda, lexicographer, 430, Sariputra-prakarana, drama by Buddhaghosha, 377-378. Sarmishtha-yajati of Krishnakavi, play, 415, drama of Visvanatha, 420. Sarvavarman, grammarian, 429. Sasvati-prakriya, grammar, 430. Sarvajnamitra, writer of stotra, . prayer, 357. Sata-sloki, on maxims, 354. Sasvata, lexicographer, 430.

Sattasi, poem of 700 verses, 352. Sattaka, short plays, 415, type of drama, 420. Sarvanaman, pronoun. 428. Saukumarya, smoothness, quality of poetry, 422. Saugandhika-harana, Visvanatha, 413-414. Sayana, commentator 294. Spiritualism, noble ideal of, xx. Spirits, nature of, 46-48. 451 Sradhas, sacrifices, varieties of, 41. Sragdhara-stotra, prayer of Sarvajna mitra, 357. Srauta-sutra, character of, 303-304 poem of Sravya, composition, 376. of Vedas, Schools of grammarians, 428, of etymologists, 428. Sciences, Sanskrit names for, 252. Sculpture, as manly fine art, 198. 199, at Sanchi, Banaras, Gandhara, Mathura, 201, 203, 205, 207, 209, Amaravati, 213-215, 221, at Bharhut, 223-224, representations of, 226, relation with archtecture 85, antiquity of, xix. Senas, dynasty, inscriptions of, 341. Sentiment, in poetry, 421-422. Series of figures, on similarity, examples of, 427-428. Sesha krishna, playwright, 406. Setubandha, poem 350. Seven tribes in Vedic age, 58. Shadow plays, 415-416. Srigadita, one act piece, 421. Sriharsha, story by, 357. Sringara (sex-union)-purpose and result of, 1. Sringara.bhushana, comic play, 412-413. Sringara-jnana-nirnaya, on love, 35+. ringara-prakasa, on poetics, 426. Sringara-sataka, poem, 351. ringara-sapta-satika, poem, 352. Sringara-vairagya-tarangini Somaprabha, on love, 355. Srinkhala, figure, 427. Srata(ti) dhara, poet, 357. Sruti-dushta, poetic defect, 425. Story Books, 365-375. of State, as defined by Aristotle, 107, Doctrine of, 108, political life in, 109. Stealing, as a science, 276, 277. Siddhasena-divakara, stotra by, 357. Strategy of war, 137. Sidhharshi, tale by, 375. Siddhanta, Jain scripture in Prakrit, 434.435, on astronomy, 259. Siddhanta Siromani, treatise on astronomy, 260, Siksha, phonetics, 305-306. Silhana, poet, 353. Silpaka, pantomime. 421. Simanta-unnayana, sacrament, 21. Simile, figure in thirty-two varieties, 423. Sishya-hita-nyasa, grammar, 429. Sivadasa, story by, 374. Sivaparadha-kshamapana, stotra (prayer) of Sankaracharya, 357. Sixty-four arts, list of, 269-270. Slesha, suggested sense, 422, figure, 424. Smarana, figure, 427. Stotras, prayers in Pali, 434. Stotravali, of Utpaladeva, 357. Stotras, prayers, psams. 356. praises and Stupas, of Asoka, 201, at various places, 201-210. Stuti-kusumanjali, prayer book, 358 Subhadra Dhananjaya, drama, 406. Subhashita-ratna-sando ha, of A mitagati. prostitutes, 355, Subhashitavali, of Vallabhadeva, collection of good sayings, 355- 356, of Srivara, 356, of Mayura, 357. on Jain ethics on Subhadraharana, of drama, 421 Madhava, Subhashita-muktavali, of Jalhana, on good sayings, 355. Subcastes, division of, 61-62. Somadeva, poem of, 349, 364- Sudama-charita, drama, 406. 365, 371. Soma yajna, sacrifice, 39, 43-44. Society, origin of, 57. Sources of laws, 143-144. Southern painters, 248-249. Sudraka, playwright, 377, 383. Sulvasutras, meaning of, 304, areas of triangle, square and circle explained with drawing, 266. Suka-saptati, 70 parrot stories, 374.

Sukti-karnamrta of Sridhara dasa, collection of saving, 355. Sukma, figure, 423. Suprabhata-store, morning prayer of Sharsha,357. Supadma, grammar, 4 0. Surgery, crigin of, xx-xvi, instruments for, xvii, not surpassed by Grecian attainments, 255 256, achievements in, 256. Surgical nstruments, list of, 252, Surva-Sataka, poem, 352. Susruta, surgeon, x i-xvii, Samhita, contents of, 253, high standard of morality for doctors, 255. Sutra, unrevealed character of, 303, main function of. 303, three main classes of, 303-304. Sutta-mpata, Palt text, 433. Sutta-vibnanga, Pali text, contents t, 433. Sutta pitika, Pali ser pture, contents of, 433. Svaha-sudhakara-champu, mixed compo-in of Naravan, 365. Svapna-dasa jana, drama, 404. Svapna-vasavedatta, drama, 381- 382. Svayambhuva and Satavrupa, union of, 1. Svetambaras, Jain sect, 434. Syamalndaka stotra, prayer, 357. i T Taddhita, suffixes, 428-429. Tantras, scrip.ure of Skas, 338, compared with Samt itas, Agamas and Nigal a°¸ 338, measures o, 338, lac and origin of, 339, number of, 339-340, ung Fan mailcal language of, 340-341, character of, 330, worshipping femate deities and Siva and Vishnu 330. Tapati samvarani, drama, 406. Tantology, detect of composition, 425. Taxation, principle of, 119-120, remission of, 123. monks and nuns, 168, 169, as chapels and chaitya hall, 169, finest examples of. 171-176, classification of, 178-192, at Srirangam, 182, at Chidambaram, 182-183, at Rameswaram 183, at Madura, 184, in Siam 189, shou amat bedia, 190, in Java, 191-192, in Northern India, 225-226, Madura, 226-227, orderly develepment of, 229 230, materials for. 231, ornaments of 233. Temporal power, 110 111. Theology, nature of, 328. Theragata, Pali text, 433. Theriaa, Pali text, 433. Thrones, for gods and kings, 85. Tilakamanjati, of Dhanapala. 365. Tirthankara, Jain apostles, 434. Totaka, type of crama, 420. Tetemists, characteristics of, 152- 153. Trad and commerce, compared, 91-92, markets for. 92, historical development of, 92-94, routes of, 94-95, in times of Epics, 95, Partnership in, 103, extent of, 103, laws of, 104. Trade-union, 95-96, corporations, 96, honesty of. 96-97. Tree worship, 152-154. Treatises on Music, 276. Trigonometry. and discovery practice 1100 years earlier than Ly Briggs in 16 th century, 267. Trkandasesha, lexicon, 430. Tripuradaba, drama, 414. Trishashti-salaka-purusha-charita, poem of Hemachandra, 350, contenis of, 350, sixty three Jain biographies, 437. Trirupakosha, lexicon, 431. Trivikrama-bhatta, novelist 364. Trotaka, type of drama, 420. Tulyayogita, figure, 429. Two races in Vedic age, 58. U Taxila University, teaching special- Udara, elevation of sentiment, ly medical science, 252 Temple, as assembly and union ball, 167, as alm- house, 108, as dispensary, 168, as uuiversity centre, 168, as monastery for 422. Ucana, Pali text, 433. Udaya-Sui daif-Katha of Soddhala, story of, 365. Udayana, poet, 352.

Udhhata, treatise of, 423, 424, 425. Ugrabhuti, grammarian, 429. Ullekha, gure, 428. <Ullapya, type of drama, 420. Unmatta-Raghava, play, 414-415. Unapati, poet, 352. Unai Sutra, rules of grammar, 429, Upadesa-Sataka of Gun.ana, on maxims, 354. Upamayopama, figure, 427. Upana, figure, 427-423. Upanayana, sacrament, 26-27. Upanga, supplementary texts, 435, 436. Jaina Uparagarika, manner, 424. Upanishads, character and vari ous forms of, 300-301, principal ones and their antiquity, 301-302, non-Vedic groups of, 302, philosophy of, 302-303, allegory or satire in, 365. Upaniti-blava-prapancha-katha, alleg ry, 375. Uparupakas, minor dramas, 420. 1) pasarga, preposition, 428. Utpaladeva, prayer book of, 357. Utpali 1. lexicon, 430. Utpreksha, figure, 428. Utri-htankas, play within play, 414 415, type of drama, 420. Uttara archika, part of Sama Veda, 294. Uttara-ninamsa, philosophical school and character of, 313-316, various texts on. 313-314, otherwise known as Satiraka, 313. Uttaradhyayana, first Jain Mulasuita, 436. Uttara-Rama-charita, drama, 394- 396. Uttara-vivaha, six conjugal vows taken in, 13-14. V Vachana, number, 428. Vachaspati, lexicographer. 430. Vadinaja, poem and time of 349. Vaidaibhi, style, 422, 423, 424, 426. Vaijayanti, lexicon, 431. Vairagya-sa aka, poem, 353. Vaishnavas, schools of, 328-329. Vaishnavism, 161-162. Vairagya-sataka, poem, 351. 453 Vajapeya, sacrifice, 44. Vaiseshika, philosophical school of, 316, antiquity and theory of, 317, texts on, 318. Va bhatalankara, on poetics, 426. Vakrokti, figure, 424. Vakroki-nanchastka, of Ratnakara, 357. Makrohiijivita, on poetics, 425. Vakyapadiya, grammar, 429. Vakyanyaya, figure, 427. Vamana, 423, 424, 425, 427, 430, grammarian, 429. Varana-Bhatta-Bana, playwright, 401, 412. Varadaraja-stava, prayer, 358. Vararuchi, noet, 430, 354, grammarian, 429. Vararuchi-samgraha, 429. grammar, Vakas, rule-books, 429. Vasantika-svapna, mid summer Night's dream, drama, 407. Vasi htha and Arundhati, union of, 1. Vardhanana, grammarian, 429. Varuna and Varuni, union of, 1. Vatsalaja, plays by, 412, 413, 414. Vatsalya, sentiment, 424. Vayu and Varavi, union of, 1. Veda, meaning of, 292, divine revelation in, 292, different literary works implied by, 292, four classes of Sambita, 292- 296, seers of, 293, chronology of, 296-297, comparison with Mohenjodaro finds, 297-298, containing modern thoughts, 310. Vedanta, philosophical school of, 313, texts on, 313-314. Vecangas, varieties of, 305, functions of, 305-306, importance of, 306, note, 428. Vecangaraya, lexicographer, 431. Vedic worship, form of, 157. Vedic Sanskrit, changes into classical, Prakrits, Apabhrainsas, 291. Vernaculars, derivation from, 290. Ven-samihara, drama, 396-398. Vala-panchavimsatika, story, 372, 373. Vibhakti, termination, 428. Vibhanga, Pali text, 433. Vibhavana, figure, 423.

Vidagdha-madhava, drama, 406. Vidyadhara, dramatist, 426. Vidyanatha, dramatist, 426. Viddha-sala-bhanjika, drama, 403. Vidyapati, poet, 375. Vidyaparinayana, drama, 409. Vagbhatas, on poetics, 426. Vijayasri, drama, 409. Vijnanavada, school of, 326. Vikramaditya, lexicographer, 430. Vikramorvasi, drama by Kalidasa, 385-386. Vilasika, type of drama, 421. Village organisation, praise of, 64. Vimala Sari, Jain epic writer, 436. Vimana-vatthu, Pali taxt, 433. Vinaya-pitaka, Pali scripture, resembling Brahmanas, contents of, 432-433, four books of, 433, Vipaka sutra, eleventh Jaina Anga, 435. Virodha, figure, 427. Viracharitra, of Ananta, 373. Visakhadatta, playwright, 398. Vishnusharman, author, 365. Visvagarbha-stava, prayer, 358. Visvanitha, dramas of, 4:0, 426. Vivaprakaa, lexicon, 431 Vithi, type of drama, 420. Viveka, commentary, 426. Vowels, number and varieties of, 281. Vriddha-Bhagbhata, medical author, 254, 257. Vriddha-chanakya, poem, 353. Vrishabhanuja, drama by Mathuradasa, 409. Vrittis, theory of, 424. Vyadi, lexicographer, 430. Vyakarana, grammar, 305, 306. Vyasa-smrti, law book, 285. Vyatireka, figure, 423, 427. Vyayoga, type of drama, 420. W Works, on diseases of animals. 255, on terms of dietetics, 255. Writing, origin of, 101-102, antiquity of, 10, use of, 101, Yadava-prakasa, 431, Yajurveda, Y lexicographer, prayer hook, 294, source of religion, Upanishads and Brahmanas, 295, 101 schoolof, 295, White and Black sections of, 295, sacrifices specified in, 295, construction of fire altars showing art of building, 295 Yajnvalkya-smrti, law book, 284- 283, 287. Yamaka, figure, 424, Pali text. 434. Yasastilaka, of Somadeva, 364, poem, 349. Yaska, Vedic lexicographer, time of. 294, 438, 430. Yasodhara-charita, poem, 349. Yatra, opera, 416. Yoga, philosophical school of, 320, theory and texts on, 320-321. Yoga-sastra of Hemachandra, on Jain philosophy, 355. Z Zero, discovery of, 265.