25. The Chronology of the Works of Kondabhatta

25. The Chronology of the Works of Kondabhatta (A Nephew of Bhattoji Diksita) e cadizoze Between A. D. 1610 and 1660 * AUFRECHT records the following works of Kondabhatta, the son of Rangojibhatta and nephew of Bhattoji Diksita: Catalogus Catalogorum, Part, I, p. 130. (1) a written at the instance of King Virabhadra, Hall, p. 79, Ben. 165. tarkaratna (2) Hall p. 78 (3) nyayapadarthadipika ( 4 ) vaiyakaranasiddhantabhusana (5) vaiyakaranasiddhanta bhusanasara 16 01 no inevix? (6) laghuvaiyakaranasiddhantabhusanasara Oppert - 5397 -Lezoqui (7) vaiyakaranasiddhantadipika K. 88 (8) Peters. 1. 121 aoifot ozie 802 Shaddaboo I am concerned in this paper mainly with the later limit for the date of the vaiyakaranasiddhantabhusana or vaiyakaranabhusana of which the vaiyakaranabhusanasara is an abridgment by Kondabhatta himself. The Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute MS of . (No. 226 of 1882-83) is described by Dr. Belvalkar on p. 259 of his Catalogue of Grammar MSS, Vol. II, Part I, 1938. The age of this MS as recorded by him is "Samvat 1716 or 1766." If we accept "Samvat 1716 =A. D. 1660, the later limit for the date of this work would be A. D. 1660. If we accept " Samvat 1766" = A. D. 1710, the later limit would be A. D. 1710. Ms of by Kondabhatta No. 1610 in the Desai Collection of the Bombay University is described by Prof. H. D. Velankar on p. 279 of his Catalogue of this collection (1953). It is dated "Samvat 1762" = A. D. 1706. Eggeling describes a MS of the in the India Office Library on p. 188 of his Catalogue of I. O. MSS., Part II (1889) -- MS No. 711. This MS is dated "Samvat 1706" = A. D. 1650. If this date is correct we may fix A. D. 1650 as the later limit for the date of and its abridgment . . . Possibly this MS was copied during the The Adyar Library Bulletin, Vol. XVIII, part 3-4 pp. 210-216.

life-time of Kondabhatta. If a MS of the abridgment is dated A. D. 1650, the original_work_viz. the vaiyakaranabhusana must have been composed by its author many years prior to A. D. 1650. K. P. Trivedi in his edition of the Vaiyakaranabhusanasara etc., describes a MS of the vaiyakaranabhusanasara on p. 13 of his critical notice of MSS (from Dehla's Bhandar, Ahmedabad ), which is dated "Samvat 1729"= A. D. 1663. This date is in harmony with the date A. D. 1650 of another MS of this work described by Eggeling. Kondabhatta's nyayapadarthadipika or padarthadipika published in the Benares Sanskrit Series contains the following references by Konda bhatta to his other_works vis. (1) vaiyakaranabhusana and tarkaratna, as pointed out by K. P. Trivedi on p. 19 of his introduction. P. 32 " vaiyakaranamatam tu bhusane asmabhih prapancitam " see also folios 44, 46, of MS No. 774 of 1887-91 at B. O. R. Institute). P. 51 " nirupitamasmabhistarkaratne " In view of the data recorded above we can safely conclude that Kondabhatta composed the following works before A. D. 1650 :- (1) vaiyakaranabhusana *(2) vaiyakaranabhusanasara MSS of A. D. 1650, 1660. Kondabhatta's padarthadipika was written later than his vaiyakaranabhusana and tarkaratna, since these two works are mentioned in it. Konda-Bhatta mentions the following authors and works in his Vaiyakaranabhusana (appendix II to B. S. S. edition, pp. 730-731 ) :chid ve advaitasaroddhara, anuvyakhyana, appayadiksita, amara, akhyatavadasiromani, acarya, udayanacarya, rsabha, karkati, kalapa, kalpataru, kalpatarukara, kavyaprakasa, kavyaprakasakara, kusumanjali, kaiyata, khandanakara, gargya, gita, guru, gautama, jayatirtha, jaimini, tattvaviveka, durga- simha, dhatuvrtti, nayavivekatika, nayavivekavaradarajiya, nirukta, niruktakara, nrsimhasrama, nyaya- tatparyatika, nyayaraksamani, nyayasudha, pancasikhacarya, patanjali, patanjaliyoga, parasara, parimala, panini, parthasarathimisra, prabhakara, brahmottarakhanda, bhatta, bhattoji, bhartrhari, bhagavata, bhamati, bhasyakara, bhimasena, mandanamisra, madhva, manorama, mahabharata, madhavacarya, madhva, misra, mukuta, rangoji, ramakrsnabhattacarya, lilavatyupaya, varadaraja, vasistha, vakyapadiya, vacaspati- misra, vivarana, vivaranatippani, vivaranacarya, vedantabhusanakrt, vyasa, sankaracarya, sabara, sabdakaustubha, sakatayana, sastradipika, sridharasvamin, samksepasarirakrt, siddhantakaumudi, siddhantalesa, sudha, skandapurana, haradatta, hari, helaraja . Among the above references, the following are important : ds aii bure

Chronology of The Works of Kondabhatta (1) appayadiksita, the guru of bhattojidiksita (2) nrsimhasrama, the guru of bhattojidiksita (3) bhattoji, the uncle ( pitrvya ) of Kondabhatta (4) manorama, sabdakaustubha and siddhantakaumudi are Grammar. (5), the father of Kondabhatta. 013077077 209 works of bhattoji on Hall on p. 79 of his Bibliography (Calcutta, 1859) describes a fragment of Kondabhatta's at as follows:- "This work was compiled at the instance of Raja Virabhadra, son of Raja Bhadrendra. Virabhadra is eulogized by the author for having "This work given an impulse to the revival of the practice of sacrifice." cites nyayalilavati and advaitacintamani . " The date of tarkapradipa can be determined if we can identify the patron-king Virabhadra, son of king Bhadrendra. Very probably this Virabhadra is identical with King Virabhadra, son of Bhadrapa Nayak, about whom the following information is recorded in the Madhyayugina Caritra Kosa by Chitrav Shastri, on p. 747 :- "Virabhadra (A. D. 1629-1645), King of Bednur, son of Bhadrapa Naiyak...... He was originally king of Ikkeri. When Shahaji and Ranadullakhan conquered Ikkeri 1 in A. D. 1637, he began to reside at Bednur. He died without issue." (see fzTc, pp. 105-106). sivabharataprastavana, If the above identification is accepted the date of ac could be fixed during the reign of a viz., A. D, 1629-1645. King Virabhadra, the patron of Kondabhatta, belonged to the line of Keladi Chiefs, whose capital was at Ikkeri first and at Bednur later. Kondabhatta's father Rangojibhatta had some contact with the Keladi court as will be seen from the following stanza at the end of the (p. 259 of B. S. S. edition ). "vidyadhisavaderusamjnakayatim srimadhvabhattarakam jitva keladivenkatayyasa vidhe'pyandolikam praptavan | yasvatre munivaryasutravivrtim siddhantabhangam tatha salmadhvanam tamaham gurumupagurum ragojibhaham bhaje || " Kondabhatta clearly tells us in the first two lines of the above stanza how 1. About Ikkeri see p. 508 of Vol. V of the Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1885. Ikkeri is a village in the Shimoga District of Mysore State. From A.D. 1560 to 1640 it was the capital of Keladi Chiefs. The cradle of this dynasty was at Keladi in Shimoga District. Finally this dynasty fixed its residence at Bednur or Nagar. Bednur was captured by Haidar Ali in 1763 and the territory of the Keladi Chiefs was annexed to Mysore. 27

his father Rangoji bhatta conquered in debate a Madhva ascetic called Vaderu at the court of King Keladi Venkatayya. Kavindra Paramananda's Sivabharata (ed. by S. M. Divekar, B. I. S. Mandal, Poona, 1927), composed between A. D. 1661 and 1674,' contains the follwing references to Virabhadra, King of Bednur :- " tato bindupuradhisam virabhadram mahaujasam | ( vasikrtya pratapena etc. ) " (Chap. IX verse 37) King Shahaji conquered Virabhadra and pleased Ranadullakhan:- 'ranadulahakhanena khalenopahrtam balat | " bhadrasanam svamadhyasta virabhadro'sya samsrayat || (Chap. XI, 6) Virabhadra was helped by King Shahaji to re-ascend the throne from which he had been removed by Ranadullakhan :- " pade pade subhavata bhavata kimkarikrtah | vyasmaradvirabhadro'pi chatracamarasampadah || " role ple (Chap. XVII, 7) The verse refers to the conquest of Virabhadra's kingdom by Ali Shah of Bijapur. The Italian traveller Pietro della Valle in his Travels (A. D. 1623- 1624) describes in detail his visit to Ikkeri, where Venkatappa Naik was ruling. In his account of the 21 st November 1623 on p. 284 (ed. by Hakluyt Society, London, 1892) Pietro della Valle refers to " Virabadra Naieka, a young boy, his son's son, whom he (Venkatappa Naik ) designs for his successor." I believe this "Vira-badra Naieka" is identical with Virabhadra Nayak of Bednur (Bindupura), mentioned in the Sivabharata, whom I have identified with Virabhadra, the patron of Konda-Bhatta. The dates for Virabhadra recorded in the Madhyayugina Caritra Kosa are A. D. 1629-1645. If these dates are correct we have to presume that Venkatappa Nayak or Keladi Venkatayya who ruled at Ikkeri in A. D. 1623-1624 may have continued his rule upto A. D. 1629. Very probably Rangojibhatta defeated in a debate the Madhva ascetic Vaderu '1 at the court of this Venkatappa Nayak of Ikkeri sometime prior to A. D. 1629. 6 ' 1 Possibly this Madhva ascetic named 'Vaderu' belonged to the Vaisnava Math of the Sarasvata Brahmins at Partagali in the Cancon division of Goa. Narayana Tirtha was the founder of this Math. He was honoured with the title Vadera' by Siddanna Nayaka of the Keladi family. The date of admission of Narayana Tirtha into the Madhva fold is the 8 th March 1475. (see article by G. H. Khare on the Archives of the Partagali Math in the Proceedings of the Indian Historical Records Commission, 1951, pp. 50-55.)

Chronology of the Works of Kondabhatta 211 In the genealogical tree of the Nayakas of Keladi, given on p. 269 of the Vijayanagara Commemoration Volume (1936) by N. Lakshmi Narayan Rao, we find the dates of Venkatappa I, Bhadrappa and Virabhadra Nayak represented as follows:VENKATAPPA NAYAKA I (A. D. 1592-1629) son BHADRAPPA 1100 son VIRABHADRAPPA NAYAKA (A. D. 1629-1645) Rangoji Bhatta's contact with the court of Keladi Venkatappa I must have taken place sometime between A. D. 1595 and 1629, while Kondabhatta's contact with Virabhadra must have taken place between A. D. 1629 and 1645. 2700 of alt ent also to t I) (8) pem (3) 1) hon ng tons (8) (CD) (II) (9 tad no) (91)