3. Some Authors of the Arde Family and their Chronology

3. Some Authors of The Arde Family And Their Chronology- Between A. D. 1600 and 1825 HALL¹ in his Bibliography refers to Mss of the works of a writer on logic by name "Krsnabhat Arde" but indicates no chronology for them. Dr. Satischandra Vidyabhusana in his History of Indian Logic 2 refers to this author as Krsnabhatta Ade and states that he died about 150 years ago. If the statement made by Vidyabhusana is correct we shall have to suppose that Krsnabhatta Arde (not Ade) died about A. D. 1771. This statement, however, seems to be wrong as will be seen from the evidence to be recorded in this paper, which shows that this author was living at Benares thirty years after the probable date of his death mentioned by Vidyabhusana, who unfortunately records no evidence for his surmise. Aufrecht records about 74 works of this author. In CC II, 23 and CC III, 26 Aufrecht calls him son of Ranganatha. In CC III, 114 he informs us that one ranganatha arada, son of mahadeva, wrote dasakumaracarita purvapithikasara (Stein 81). Hall in his edition of the Vasavadatta (Bib. Ind. 1859) states that a rumour had reached him regarding a commentary on the Vasavadatta by Krsnabhatta Arde but Aufrecht makes no mention of this com- * Journal of the University of Bombay, Vol. XII, Part II, pp. 63-69. 1 Index to the Bibliography of the Indian Philosophical Systems by Fitzedward Hall, Calcutta, 1859, pp, 31, 35, 37, 56, 59. P. 31- gadadharivivrtti and krsnabhatti by Krsnabhatta Arde, son of Raiganatha, and pupil of one Hari. The Author was a Marahatta Brahmin of Benares. He had an elder brother Narayana. He wrote a commentary on the nirnayasindhu . p. 85-aquit, a commentary by Krsnabhatta Arde (=KA) P. 87 - siddhantalaksanakroda by KA. p. 56 by KA, son of Narayana Bhatta, son of Ranganatha Bhatta. P. 59-- akhyatavada tippani by KA. 2 Vide p. 486 of Calcutta Edition, 1921: " Krsnabhatta Ade was a Maratha, who wrote a gloss on Gadadhari called Gadadhari Kafika and one on Siromani's Tattva-Cintamani while residing at Benares where he died about 150 years ago The gloss has been printed in Telugu characters." Krsnabhatta begins his Katika thus:- " srikrsnam muhuranamya krsno narayananujah | gadadhara matarthanam tippanim tanute'dbhutam || 3 ranganathi krsnasarma panditebhyah krtanjalih | yacate bhuya anamya drsyam buddhva vaco mama || " Joy to dongolo

mentary. Hall further informs us in foot-note 1 on p. 47 of his Preface to Vasavadatta as follows:- Krsnabhatta was "a Maratha of Benares; son of Ranganatha and pupil of one Hari. Among his works are huge commentaries on the nirnayasindhu, gadadhari and jagadisi . The second is called kasika or gadadharivivrtti ; and the third manjusa Or jagadisatosini . The gadadhari is by gadadhara bhattacarya . The jagadisi by jagadisatakalamkara bhattacarya . They annotated respectively the whole and a part of the didhiti of raghunathasiromanibhattacarya which consists of notes on the first two Sections of Gangesa Upadhyaya's at HOT, a celebrated treatise of Nyaya philosophy. 99 M. M. Professor P. V. Kane makes the following remarks regarding the above author but indicates no chronology for his works:-- 66 " Comm. ( on nirnayasindhu A. D. 1612 ) ratnamala Or dipika by krsna- bhatta " » 1 arde .. krsnabhatta arde (or arada ), son of raghunatha of Benares ; Author of ratnamala alias dipika on nirnayasindhu of kamalakarabhatta . ,2 The foregoing remarks of several scholars like Hall, Aufrecht, Kane, reveal that Krsnabhatta Arde was not only a great logician but also a learned commentator on works pertaining to dharmasastra and Kavya. Though I have not before me any Mss of the several works of this author I shall record in this paper some contemporary evidence which conclusively proves the chronology of this author. The India Office Library Catalogue 3 contains a description of 11 fragments of the Kasika of Krsnabhatta Arde. This description is concluded with the remarks:--"Date of this part (11 th) a 16 f All parts were written about the same time." These remarks show that the above fragments were copied in Samvat 1857 = A. D. 1801. Elsewhere 4 in this Catalogue Mss of anumanamanjusa on the jagadisi by this author are described but this description contains no dates of the Mss. 1 Vide p. 574 of Hist. of Dharmasastra Vol. I, 1930 (B. O. R. I. ). 2 Ibid, p. 687. - Vide Aufrecht, CC I, 298 comm. by krsnabhatta arde . " Hall, p. 31, K. 182, B. 3. 100, Burnell, 1306, Lahore, 10, Oppert II, 8045 (Krsna Sarma).' 3 Part IV (Philosophy and Tantra Mss) by Windisch and Eggeling, 1894, pp. 618-619. 4 Ibid, p. 625-627-Mss Nos. 1922, 1923.--Vol. I, has the following couplets after the Colophon- " aksapadamatarthanam kasika muktikasika | yatha vyaktasariranam kasika muktikasika || 1 || harih pita harirmata harirbhrata harih suhrt | harireva jagatsarvam harerannyannabhati me || 2 || " Colophon of Vol. II reads- 66 ityaropahu va krsna bhattaviracita caturdasalaksanimajjusa || "

Some Authors of the Arde Family 19 I was under the impression that Krsnabhatta Arde was a Desastha Maharastra Brahmin. My friend Mr. Raghunatha Shastri Patankar of Rajapur informed me, however, that there is a family of Karhada Brahmins 1 of the name "Arde" now residing in the Rajapur Taluka of the Ratnagiri District and that he is in touch with the present members of this family. I have requested him to send me a genealogy of this family to enable me to see if our Krsnabhatta Arde, the logician, belonged to this family originally and then migrated to Benares for his education. vider The following evidence shows that Krsnabhatta Arde was living at Benares about A. D. 1801-02, the date of the India Office Ms of his work referred to above. In a Marathi Magazine 2 containing materials for the history of the Kayastha Prabhus the history of a caste-dispute during the time of Peshwa Bajirao II is recorded. In this account of the dispute 3 a letter from Benares Pandits is reproduced. It is addressed to the Poona Brahmins, and is signed by about 81 Brahmins of Benares grouped as follows:- « 40--Maharastra Brahmins 4-Vajasaneyi Brahmins- 21-Chittapavan Brahmins- 9-Karhada Brahmins-- 7--Karnataka Brahmins- - 81 sammatoyamarthah (maharastranam ) 99 99 99 - - - " ( vajasaneyinam ) (cittapavananam ) ( karahatakanam ) (karanatakanam ) The first name in the Karhataka group we find is the name krsnabhataji arde, " while the sixth name is " balamukumda arde ." The letter is dated Saka 1723 or Samvat 1858 = A. D. 1801. I feel no doubt that " " 1 In the Gotravali of Karhada Brahmins with me I find the surname Arde" with gotras (1) kasyapa and (2) bharadvaja . It is necessary to examine the works of Krsnabhatta Arde and find out if he has recorded his own gotra incidentally. 2 66 Vol. I, No. 11 (Nirnayasagar Press, Bombay- " gramanyaci hakikata "- prakarana dusarem ), pp. 27-34. 3 Ibid, pp. 30-32: The letter begins-- "svatisrimaddamdakaranyamtargata bhimarathinabhidvayasamgatyo- palaksitapunyakhyagramastha daksinatyarajarsidharmadhikari pramta pune va athaghare va samasta brahmananprati- aryavartaikadesa anamdavana trikamtaka virajitavimukta ksetrastha bhattadharmadhikarisesaprabhrtimaneka natayo vilasamtu, caitrasukkupamcamyavadhi atratyaksemamasti bhavatkam tadanudinameghamanamasasmahe . visesastu bhasaya -- apana maghakrsna dasamicim patre pathavilim ti pavalim, etc. " 4 The letter ends-" kalavem . sujnanpratyalam pallavitenetyaneka nattayo vilasamtu . sake 1723 durmatinamasamvatsare samvat 1858 . "

"of this letter of A. D. 1801 is no other than "Krsnabhatta Arde," the writer of several works on logic and other subjects mentioned by me in this paper. If this identification is accepted we have evidence to believe that this author flourished between say A. D. 1750 and 1825 or so. As the India Office Library Ms of edasad is dated A. D. 1801 we have to suppose that Krsnabhatta was a full-fledged logician by A. D. 1800 and that many of his works on logic may have been completed before this year. Presuming now that he was about 50 years old in A. D. 1801 when he consented to a letter of decision in a caste-dispute we may reasonably allow for him a life-period between A. D. 1750 and 1825 (about 75 years). The Ms of dasakumaracaritapurvapithikasara mentioned by Stein 1 as the work of " ranganatha arada son of c consists of 19 folios (complete). This ranganatha seems to be the same as the father of krsnabhatta arde, the logician, who was also called as we have already seen. The genealogy of this logician will now be as follows:order eds " HE (C. A. D. 1675-1725) Son r narayana bhatta (A. D. 1750-1825) 400 ranganatha ( a. of dasakumaracarita purvapithikasara ) J (C. A. D. 1700-1775) Son (C. A. D. 1750-1825) narayanabhatta mentioned by krsnabhatta bharde as his brother seems to be dif. ferent from his namesake, the son of laksmidharabhatta . 2 This narayana laksmidhara arada composed a work on dharmasastra called the fan of which Aufrecht (CC II, 32) records the following Mss. :- :- " grhyagnisagara or prayogasara by narayanabhatta . Bhau Daji 102, IO. 48. 1815. Rgb. 292, Stein 87." 88 grhyagnisagara alias prayogasara by narayanabhatta, son of laksmidharabhatta surnamed arada (arade ), quotes ramandaravyakhya on dhurtasvami 's bhasya on apastamba, prayogaparijata, prayogaratna, nirnayasindhu, bhattojidiksita, parasuramapratapa and ramavajapeyi and his own TEA. Later than 1650 A. D." Ms "Rgb. 292" in the above entry of Aufrecht is identical with Ms No. 292 of 1884-87 in the Govt. Mss Library at the B. O. R. Institute, Poona. There is another Ms of the work in the above library, viz., No. 63 1 Cata. of Jammu Mss by Peterson (1894), p. 81. 2 Vide His. of Dharma. I by P. V. Kane, p. 540. zheng

Some Authors of the Arde Family 21 of 1895-1902 which is dated Saka 1693 = A. D. 1771. Ms No. 292 of 1884- 87 is dated Saka 1649 = A. D. 1727. It is thus clear that narayana laksmidhara arada, the author of the grhyagnisagara, flourished earlier than A. D. 1727 and han A. D. later than A. D. 1612, the date of nirnayasindhu, which is quoted on folic 122 a of Ms No. 292 of 1884-87 1 as follows:- " nirnayasimdhau parasaramadhaviye katyayanah " On the strength of the above evidence we can assign this author to the period A.D. 1650-1725 and consequently he is entirely different from narayana ranganatha arade, the brother of krsnabhatta arade (A. D. 1750 to 1825). The Ms of this work in the India Office Library is a late copy dated Saka 1741 (=A.D. 1819 ). Professor H. D. Velankar has described two Mss of this work in his catalogue of the B.B.R.A. Society's Mss., 2 but these Mss bear no dates. The work is a compilation treating of rites regarding the maintenance of the sacred fire, and rules of expiation in cases of irregularities. The author notes some Marathi equivalents³ for Sanskrit words on folio 8 (Ms No. 292 of 1884-87). It is now clear that the author of the f belongs to a branch of the Arde family which I cannot 1 This Ms beginstheet 201 CA 66 sriganesaya namah || natva krsnapadambhojam ganesam samkaram sivam || laksmidharam ca pitaram bhattanarayanam tatha || yathajnanam vicaryatha paksasistairanusthitam || trini sutrani tadgramthanalokyanyamsca bhurisah || aradetyupanama vai bhattanarayanah sudhih || grhyagnisagaram caiva kurute sistatustaye || " The Ms ends on folio 124-- " iti srimadaradopanamaka laksmidharasununarayana bhattakrtagrhyagnisagarah samaptah | sake 1649 plavamgasamvatsare vaisakhavadi dvitiyayam saumyavasare likhitamidam pustakam sri bhimaramanaviththalarpana- mastu || 6 || ... ... aradetyupanamna vai bhattanarayanena ca || trini sutrani tadvamthanalokyanyamsca bhurisah || sarvalokopakaraya krto grhyagnisagarah || 6 || " This is followed by the following endorsement in red ink-- " || govimdabhata puranika malavanakara yace pustaka a ... he satya || 2 Vide pp. 214-215 of Velankar's Catalogue (Vol. II, 1928) Mss Nos. 679 and 680. 3 These are : kalayakah = vatane ; timtini = cimca ; lavali =marici "

link up with the branch represented by krsnabhatta arde . The two branches may represented chronologically as follows:-be laksmidhara ( A.D. 1600-1660 ) | Son narayanabhatta (A.D. 1650-1725 ) 226 mahadeva (A.D. 1675 -- 1725 ) Son ranganatha (A.D. 1700-1775) | x (kamala ) 1 Sons a narayana (A.D. 1750-1825) krsnabhatta arde (A.D. 1801) balamukumda arde The Ms of Krsnabhatta's commentary on the Nirnanyasindhu described by Burnell 2 was copied at Benares in A. D. 1829. In one of the Sanskrit addresses presented to Warren Hastings in A. D. 1796 by Benares Pandits, I find the following signatories "(42) Krishna Bhattha" 66 (44) Bala Mookoonda" 1 Vide p. 121 of Hultzsch Report II ( Madras, 1896 ) Ms No. 1240 - Comm. on Gadadhara's dosasamanyalaksana by krsnabhatta arde, Begins- aradiyahvakrsnena racita tippani para | gadadhariya grhilananamdayatu nityasah || gadadharamatarthesu dosasamanyalaksane | nan pamcacuritarthanam krtsnanameva karika || vaikumthamadhyavasatoh kamalaramganathayoh | dehajah krtavanenam krsno narayananujah || " 2 Vide p. 130 of Burnell's Catalogue of Tanjore Mss, 1879. " nirnaya simdhudipika by krsnasarman ( krsnabhatta ) younger brother of narayana . The author was a Mahratha of Benares ( See Hall's Vasavadattaa pref, p. 47, note ). Begins- " laksminarayanam natva pitarau ca gurunapi | krsnasarmavitanute sararthi sindhuddipikam || etc. " Written at Benares, Samvat 1885. (Vide p. 8579 of Des. Cata. of Tanjore Mss, Vol. XVIII, 1934)-Ms No. 18206. 3 Vide Journal of Tanjore S. M. Library, Vol. II, No. 1, pp. 10-14 (My paper on " Testimonials of Good Conduct to Warren Hastings by the Benares Pandits-- A. D. 1796 " ) See signatories to the second address to Warren Hastings.

Some Authors of the Arde Family 23 ovoOn this address there are signatures of more than 67 Maharastra Brahmins, etc., among which the above names occur. I am inclined to think that these persons are identical with krsnabhatta arde and balamukumda arde of the 1801 A. D. letter from the Benares Pandits to Poona Pandits already referred to by me in this paper. Though the above signatures are not followed by the surnames of the writers in the 1796 address the circumstantial evidence is strong enough to support my identification of these writers with their namesakes in the 1801 letter. In fact I find that many signatories are common to both the documents as will be seen from the following comparison:Letter from Benares -- A.D, 1801 ramacamdra bhatta tare . hirapamdita sesa hariramapamdita sesa mukumda deva bacabhatta mauni 1 Sanskrit Addresses to Warren HastingsA. D. 1796, from Benares Pandits Rama-Chandra Sarma surnamed Tara Heera namee surnamed Sesha Sesha Haree Rama Panta Mookoonda Deva Bacham Bhattha Sarma surnamed Mownee jayarama josi 400 Astrologer Jaya Rama cimtamanabhatta karlekara Cheenta Manee surnamed Kaarlakar baladiksita ayacita Bala Krishna Deekshita surnamed Ayacheeta krsnabhataji arde balamukumda arde krsnadiksita lele cimtamanadiksita kanade Krishna Bhattha Bala Mookoonda Krishna Lalla Cheentamanee Deeksheeta surnamed Karnataka It appears clear to me that Krsnabhatta Arde, the logician, was a signatory to the Sanskrit address to Warren Hastings, an English translation of which by Mr. Wilkins is found on pp. 755-768 of the Debates of House of Lords, London, 1797. Krsnabhatta did not, therefore, die about A. D. 1771, as suggested by Dr. S. Vidyabhusana in his History of Indian Logic. Our Krsnabhatta Arde was a junior contemporary of the celebrated author Balambhatta Payagunde, the author of the Balambhatti, who is assigned by M. M. Professor P. V. Kane 1 to the period A. D. 1730-1820 and to whom Colebrooke had entrusted the compilation of a work called Dharmasastra Sangraha about A. D. 1801. On the Benares letter of A. D. 1801 to which Krsnabhatta Arde is a signatory we find the signature of 1 Vide p. 462 of History of Dharmasastra, I (1930).

" balambhataji payagumde " who is no other than his namesake in the employ of Colebrooke in May 1801. 1 It is difficult to fix the chronology of the several works of Krsnabhatta Arde. I have already observed that the India Office Library Ms of the Kasika of this author is dated A. D. 1801. He must have written his works on nyaya prior to A. D. 1800 or so. In his commentary on Gadadhara's dosasamanyalaksana our author refers to his parents kamala and ranganatha as residing in heaven ( vaikumthamadhyavasatoh kamalaranganathayoh ). This statement shows that Krsnabhatta composed the commentary in question when his parents were no longer living. Possibly his parents died before A. D. 1800. P. S.-I have assigned to the period A. D. 1650- 1725. This conclusion is corroborated by the following additional evidence:- (1) A nirnayapatra A. D. 1657 contains the following endorsement - " sammatam narayanabhatta arade ityupanamnah " ( Vide pp. 78-81 of citalebhatta a by R. S. Pimputkar, Bombay, 1926). (2) H. P. Shastri [Notices, III, 1907, Calcutta ] describes a Ms of - homakarika by narayanabhatta arde, which is dated Samvat 1783 = A. D. 1727. We have already pointed out that the B. O. R. I. Ms of grhyagnisagara of narayanabhatta arde is dated Sake 1649 = A. D. 1727. sib e hotzege to noir 1 P. V. Kane: History of Dharma. I, p. 461--Kane mentions the following dated Mss. of Balambhatta's works:- (1) (2) Ms in Benares Palace Library-A. D. 1774-75. Myd bodgiaas Ms described by Stein in his Catalogue of Jammu Mss --A. D. 1791-92. I may add the following Mss to the above list :- 11 (8) (407 folios-Samvat 1850-A. D. 1794 (Vide p. 147 of Poleman's List of Indic Mss in U. S. A., etc., 1938).