Studies in Indian Literary History

by P. K. Gode | 1953 | 355,388 words

The book "Studies in Indian Literary History" is explores the intricate tapestry of Indian literature, focusing on historical chronology and literary contributions across various Indian cultures, including Hinduism (Brahmanism), Jainism, and Buddhism. Through detailed bibliographies and indices, the book endeavors to provide an encycloped...

42. Date of Padyarachana of Lakshmana-Bhatta Ankolkar

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42. Date of Padyarachana of Lakshmana-Bhatta Ankolkar Between A. D. 1625 and 1650* The Padyaracana' of Laksmanabhatta Ankolakara was published in 1908. Its editors state2 that they have no evidence to decide the date of this author but the MSS on which their edition was besed were copied on paper which may have been older than a hundred years. They also state that Laksmana was a poet of Maharastra. Aufrecht makes the following entries regarding the Padya. racana3 in his catalogue of MSS :- * Journal of Oriental Research (Madras), Vol. XV, pp. 184-193. 1. Kavyamala No. 89, N. S. Press, Bombay, 1908. 2. " ankolakara srilaksmanabhattah- ankolakaropanamakah srilaksmanabhattah kada samutpanna iti pramananupalambhanna sakyate nirnetum ; param nayamekasmadvarsasatakadarvacina iti sakyate vaktum | yadadharenasyah padyaracanaya mudranam jatam tatpustakadvayamapi satadvarsebhyah pracinesu patresu likhitamiti | kavirayam jatya maharastro bhavet . ' One of the 2 MSS used by the Editors was made available to them by the late Dr. K. B. Pathak, while the other was obtained from the collection of the late Sri Rupadatta, the Rajaguru at Jaipur. The Editors have merely noted the names of the poets whose verses have been quoted by Laksmana in his anthology, but they have made no attempt to fix the limits of the date of the Padyaracana on the strength of these names. The Kavyamala edition of the Padyaracana contains lacunae in the text of some verses on pp. 5, 12, 14, 15, 62, 63, 64, 69, 71, 73, 74, 77, 79, 90, 91, 92, 93, 95, 116, 117. Many of these could be filled up by using the three MSS of the Padyaracana in the Govt. MSS Library at the B. O. R. Institute. 3. The Govt. MSS Library (B. O. R. Institute) possesses the following MSS of the work :- 1741. (1) No, 726 of 1886-92-4 dated Samvat 1797 = A. D, (Continued on the next page) (340)

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" q CC II, 72-" 341 metrics, by Laksmanabhatta. B. 3. 62. Bhr. 148." qua metrics, by Laksmanabhatta. Peters. 4. 27." CC III, 69-"q metrics, by Laksmana. Bd. 422." A perusal of the Kavyamala Edition of the Padyaracana will make it clear that the work is an anthology dealing with different topics in the usual style and has nothing to do with "metrics" as wrongly described by Aufrecht, who was evidently misled by the title c in giving the subject of the work. The first 5 verses of the anthology are by the author himself as they are followed by the endorsement "." In verse 1 the author salutes god Siva (":"). In verses 3 and 4 (Continued from previous page) ( samvat 1777 varse miti asadha sudi dvadasitithau | esa pustika lipikrta || sri savaijaipura nagaramadhye | " After verse 93 of the Kavyamala Edition which appears on folio 52 of this MS, we find recorded the contents of the anthology chapter by chapter. These contents are followed by the following verses :- tadetairvyaparairiyamupacita pancadasabhi- " rlasacchrih srimalaksmanaviracita padyaracana | samudyatam dhattam trijagati saracamdracalita samiddha jyotsneva prathitatithibhih pancadasabhih || 9 || kaumudi kaumudi jiva kamukaniva kamini | anamdayatu me padyaracana caturannaran || 2 || samapteyam padyaracana || " The last 2 verses recorded above appear to be genuine though they are not to be found in the following MSS of the Padyarachana which are incomplete :- - (2) No. 148 of 1882-83- Incomplete; contains folios 33 to 74. Colophon of Chap. XIV appears on folio 70. Old in appearance. (3) No. 422 of 1887-91 - Very old and brittle; incomplete; about 46 folios - Colophon of Chap. XII appears on folio 44. The MS "B, 3. 62" mentioned by Aufrecht consisted of 54 leaves and was in the possession of Acharatlal Vaidya of Ahmedabad in 1872 (Vide p. 63 of Buhler, Fasc. III- Gujarat MSS etc. 1872.)

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the authorship of the work is ascribed to laksmana ( " nirmitirlaksmanasya " and "fa: iuar"). Verse 3 clearly states the purpose of krtih the anthology, viz. to give repose to logicians whose minds are distressed by the accumulated heat produced by logic. Laksmana has composed this anthology which is as it were the shade of the Kalpavrksa or the desire-yielding tree. ,, In the body of the anthology many verses are followed by the endorsement "laksmanasya which appears to indicate that these verses were composed by our author. The last 2 verses of the anthology are followed by the endorsement "gat "which leaves etau laksmanasya no doubt about their authorship. The total number of verses in the Padyaracana is as follows:Chapter Verses Chapter Verses Chapter Verses I 47 VI 20 XI 40 II 39 VII 41 XII III 74 VIII 43 XIII IV 67 IX 58 XIV V 25 X 23 XV ། 41 68 90 93 252 185 332 The total number of verses as specified above comes to 769, and if we add the 2 verses found at the end of MS No. 726 of 1886-92 (Padyaracana) this number would be 771. We have now to see what exact contribution Laksmana has made to the present anthology. The following table records verses in each chapter which are followed by the endorsement and which may, therefore, be looked upon as the composition of our author :- 66 " Chapter 1-13 Verses, 1, 2, 3, 4, 11, 17, 26, 29, 30, 34,35,42,44. Chapter II 12 Verses, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 16, 17, 19, 27, 30, 31. Chapter III 7 Verses, 9, 33, 44, 45, 55, 56, 57. 9 Chapter IV 14 Verses, 1, 2, 6, 7, 17, 23, 24, 32, 33, 36, 46, 50, 55, 56. Chapter V-3 Verses, 1, 2, 3. Chapter VI 3 Verses, 8, 9, 10. Chapter VII-2 Verses, 41, 25. Chapter VIII 7 Verses, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21.

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Chapter IX - 4 Verses, 9, 17, 33, 43. Chapter X-4 Verses, 7, 8, 13, 18. 343 Chapter XI 12 Verses, 7, 11, 16, 18, 19, 23, 31, 32, 33, 36, 36-a, 37. Chapter XII-12 Verses, 1, 9, 14, 15, 16, 22, 23, 28, 29, 30, 35, 36. Chapter XIII-25 Verses, 4, 5, 6, 15, 20, 22, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68. Chapter XIV - 26 Verses, 2, 12, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 25, 28, 29, 33, 35, 37, 38, 41, 50, 51, 57, 62, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 81, 82. Chapter XV-8 Verses, 2, 28, 29, 51, 57, 70, 92, 93. Total 152 Verses ascribed to Laksmana. It would be seen from the above analysis that out of the total of 769 verses of the Padyaracana, Laksmana claims no less than 152 verses i.e. about one fifth of the entire anthology. Evidently he wanted to shine among the learned of the past generations by incorporating his own compositions in this anthology of their verses. His purpose appears to have been served by the publication of the anthology in the Kavyamala Series, which has already immortalised many poets and poetasters. With a view to fixing the earlier limit to the date of the Padyaracana we must record the names of authors mentioned in this anthology. These authors are as follows:- , P. 2, 3, 4, 10, 15, 17, 35, 40, 43, 58, 59, 62, 76,97,117. , pp. 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 9, 10, 13, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 25, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38, 39, 42, 46, 48, 49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 64, 65, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 78, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 92, 97, 99, 100, 102, 106, 108, 112, 115, 116, 119. bhanumisra, p.6. Hga, pp. 3, 62, 72. mahanataka, pp. 3, 11, 13, 15, 18, 72. arf, (anonymous author), pp. 4, 8, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 22, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 31, 32, 35, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 64, 66, 68, 71, 80, 81, 84, 85, 87, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 108, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115. , pp. 5, 10, 20, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38, 42, 46, 47, 48, 49, 62, 63, 65, 66, 69, 70, 71, 82, 116.

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bhogisuna venidatta, pp. 7, 13, 14, 16, 20. ksemendra, pp. 7, 84. dharanidhara, pp. 10, 13, 22. akabariya kalidasa, pp. 11, 21. kasyapi (harsadattasya ), p. 12. ambastha, pp. 14, 76. sriharsa, pp. 15, 19, 27, 34, 42, 59, 67. mahakavya, (?) p. 18. trivikrama, pp. 20, 31, 117. varahamihira, (?) p. 23. gauda, P. 23. kalidasa pp. 23, 40, 45, 49, 65, 81, 85, 115. vyasa, P. 23. srivyasa, p. 23. venisamhara, pp. 23, 24. devesvara, pp. 24, 106, 109. ratnakara, pp. 26, 67. hanumatah, p. 28. gadadhara, pp. 29, 66, 75, 83, 85, 117. jayadeva, pp. 30, 40. bilhana, pp. 33, 35, 38, 45, 64, 66. bilhanasataka, p. 91. sarngadhara, pp. 34,57, 101. vaidyanatha, P. 34. sakavrddheh, PP. 35, 36. vaidyabhanu, p. 35. bhasa, pp. 35, 78. laksmidhara, p. 37 samkaracarya, p. 38. valmikeh, pp. 38, 43, 79. vahinipateh, pp. 41, 63. sanmasikasya, p. 41. vanivilasa, pp. 43, 58, 71. maithila, P. 43. umapati upadhyaya, p. 44. nidradaridra, P. 45. laksmanathakkura, p. 46. dandina, pp. 48, 45.110.

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bana, P. 48. morika, P. 48. jaghanacapala, p. 52. avilamba, p. 54. babu misra, p. 54. amaruka, pp. 54, 55. vamana, p. 55. dhurta, p. 57. kavindra, p. 58. bhartrhareh, pp. 59, 89, 92, 98, 102, 111, 112, 115. bhojaprabandha, pp. 61, 79, 94, 95, 104, 113. avantivarman, P. 62. acala, p. 64. gunakara, p. 65. vasudeva, p. 67. kasyapi ( hariharasya ) p. 68 harihara, P. 9. kayorapi ( rudrasya ) p. 69. sarvadasa, 75. P. raghupati, p. 76 kaviraja, pp. 77, 79, 117. panini P. 77. kavikankana, p. 80. bhavabhuteh, 85. P. lilavatikara, p. 85. narayana, p. 86. krsnamisra, p. 86. vararuceh, murareh - p. 87. murareh, P. 116. indrakaveh, p. 87. , p. 90. somadeva, mahadeva, P. 95. vikatanitamba, p. 96. bhojadeva, p. 101. anandavardhana, p. 102. laksmanasena, p. 103. ranganatha, p. 104. parimala, P. 107. 345

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vasistat, p. 112. garat:, p. 114. raghavacaitanyanam, p. 118. govardhana, p. 118. trilocana, trivikrama, p. 118. ganesvara, P. 118. In the above list we find that Laksmana mentions and quotes from an author called akabariya kalidasa ' who was of course patro nized by Emperor Akbar (A. D. 1556-1605). In view of the references to akabariya kalidasa found in the Padyaracana we may fix A. D. 1610 or so fix A. D. 1610 or so as the earlier limit to the date of the Padyarachana of Lakshmana. The later limit to the date of this anthology may be fixed at A. D. 1710 or so in view of the dated MS of the work copied in A. D. 1741 (B. O. R. I. MS No. 726 of 1886-92). Mr. Krishnamachariar 2 states that Laksmanabhatta, the commentator of the Naisadha Kavya of the Sri Harsa "also wrote a poem Padyaracana. Let us now see if this statement is correct. " Laksmanabhatta, the author of the commentary on the Naisadha was the son of Ramakrsna3 but the name of the father of Laksmana the author of the Padyaracana is not traceable in the Padyaracana. 1. gadadharabhatta in his anthology rasikajivana composed about A.D. 1660 quotes verses of akabariya kalidasa, ., 66 (1) hastambhojabhimala ... krpani (2) " hemambhoruhapattane ...... sanairgacchati " " (See Dr. H. D. Sharma's article on Hari Kavi-I. H. Q., X, p. 484) Laksmana quotes 2 verses from on pp. 11 and 21, viz., (1) " tunga brahmanda simhasana yasascakravarti baghela ་་ (2) hastambhojalimala ......krpanah $6 " " The verse hastambhojalimala " is common to rasikajivana and padyaracana . We have, therefore, three verses ascribed to akabariya- kalidasa . " 2. Classical San. Literature, 1937, p. 183 foot-note 2. 3. Vide Stein's Cata. of Jammu MSS, 1894, p. 69-"- (Continued on the next page)

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the author of a In the same manner it is difficult to identify the Padyaracana with the author of a work called appears to have been done by Aufrecht (CC I, 536). In the Padyaracana the author invokes God Siva in the first verse while in the Ratnamala he bows to God Krsna ( " krsnam namami manasa vasudeva- "). In the absence of any objective proofs to enable us to identify the three authors of the name 1 it is open to doubt if they are identical or otherwise. At any rate no a priori case for their identity has been forthcoming. " On P. 8 of the Padyaracana the following verse is introduced as laksmanasya " in the manner of many other verses of the author of the anthology :- " atha ganga - iyam cidrupapi prakatajalarupapi bhagavati yadiyambhobindurvitarati ca sambhorapi padam | punana dhunvana nikhilamapi nanavidhamagham jagatkrtsnam payadanudinamapayatsuradhuni || 42 || - laksmanasya 97 (Continued from the previous page) caritaka gudharthaprakasika by laksmanabhattasarma ramakrsnabhattasunuh " Vide also my article on the date of this commentator in the Calcutta Oriental Journal (Vol. II pp. 309-312) where I have proved that this author flourished between A. D. 1431-1730. Aufrecht (CC I, 536) makes the following entry regarding the author of the Padyaracana :- 65 laksmana bhatta - Padyaracana 66 - Ratnamala " R. Mitra describes a MS of II (p. 286 of Vol. VI of Notices, 1882) as a collection of miscellaneous verses illustrating particular rhetorical maxims, with many riddles and enigmas." In this description the name of Laksmana's father is not found. The work consists of 354 Slokas. 1. Peterson (p. 54 of Third Report) describes a palm-leaf MS of a work called suktavali composed by laksmana (" suktanam samgraham cakre laksmano laksasuktikam - verse 1). This MS was in the Temple of Santinatha, Cambay.

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In the Padyamrtatarangini Haribhaskara composed in A. D. 1673 we find the above verse2 quoted as follows:Folio 18 a of MS No. 314 of 1884-86. " iyam cidrupapi prakatajalarupapi bhagavati yadiyambhobindurvitarati ca sambhorapi padam | punana dhunvana nikhilamapi nanavidhamagham jagatkrtsnam payadanudinamapayatsuradhuni || 41 || - laksmanasya " I am inclined to presume that Haribhaskara Agnihotri who composed nis anthology in A. D. 1673 and who quotes one of Laksmana's verses about Ganga apparently knew the Padyaracana for which I have fixed the chronological limits, viz. "Between A. D. 1610 and 1710." If this presumption is correct we must suppose, on the strength of the identification of the two verses, that the Padyaracana of our Laksmana is earlier than A. D. 1673, the date of composition of the Padyamrtatarangini. I am, there fore, inclined to hold the view that the date of the Padyarachana must lie, say between A. D. 1625 and 1650. This view is consistent with the statement made by the editors of the Padyaracana that Lakshmana Ankolkar3 was a native of Maharastra. It is possible to suppose that Haribhaskara, who was himself a native of Nasik in Maharastra, knew the work of Laksmana Ankolkar, another earlier author of an anthology similar to the Padyarachana. 1. Vide my article on this anthology in the Calcutta Oriental Journal, Vol. III pp. 33-35. The exact date is 12 th June 1673. . . . 2. This verse has been quoted in the Subhasitaratnabhandagara (N. S. Press, 1911) p. 9-verse 124. 3. Surnames ending in Kar current in the Maharastra generally indicate that the native place of the holder of the surname is identical with the name of the place preceding the affix Kar. Laksmana Ankol-Kar may have been a native of Ankol. There is a village of the name Akol in Chikodi Taluka of the Belgaum District in the Bombay Presidency. I cannot say if Anko!= Akol.

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