29. A Rare Manuscript of the Sloka-Samgraha Anthology

29. A Rare Manuscript of the Sloka-Samgraha Anthology by Manirama and the Date of Its Composition ( Between A. D. 1650 and 1700 * The only MS of an anthology by HH recorded by Aufrecht is the following :- CC 1, 677 - " slokasamgraha by manirama Peters 3. 396" This MS is identical with MS No. 361 of 1884-86 in the Govt. MSS Library at the B. O. R. Institute, Poona. It consists of about 96 folios (10 lines to a page and 52 letters to a line) of modern paper. The MS begins:- " om sriganesaya namah " maniramena vidusa svasutasya hitaisina | pracinakrtapadyanam samgrahah kriyate sa (sva ) yam || 1 || " adau ganapateh gandasthaligala damandamadapravaho- madyadvirephamadhurasvardattakarnah | harsadivalasanimilitanetrayugmo vighnachide bhavatu bhutapatirganesah || 2 || The MS ends :- " vayamiha paritusta valkalai svaca laksmya samaddaha parito niviseso visesah | sa bhavati daridri yasya trsna visala manasica paritusteh korthavan ko daridrah || 1605 || samtu svarajyabhurajyabhuvorajyavibhutaye | etavaibhavatrptosmi yadadhina kasya cit || 1606 || iti srimaniramakrtah slokasamgrahah samaptah | samvat 1942 sake 187 masanam * Rajasthana Bharati, Vol. I, No. 1, pp. 35-45. (216)

masottame dvitiyakajestha krsna 8 mamdavasare lipakrtam brahmana parika haragovimda jayapura | srirama etc. " 217 It will be seen from the above extracts that this anthology (padyasamgraha or lokasamgraha ) was compiled by manirama for the benefit of his own son as stated by him in verse 1 at the beginning . I have failed to get any personal history of this in the body of the The copy before me was made work except the above statement. at Savai Jaipur in Samvat 1942 (= A. D. 1886) by a c of the name Hara Govinda possibly from some old MS of the work which the owner was not prepared to sell but allowed to be copied for Sir R. G. Bhandarkar when he carried on his search for MSS in 1884-86. This big anthology of about 1606 verses mentions as a rule the names of authors and works from whom the several verses of the compendium have been incorporated first-hand or otherwise. I have suggested to my friend Prof. N. A. Gore of the S. P. College to analyse this big anthology and prepare indices of works and He has authors and also of the as of the verses quoted in it. agreed to this suggestion but before he gives us the results of his critical analysis I want to record in this paper the evidence about the chronology of the work which I could gather by a cursory perusal of the work. I hope this evidence would help Prof. Gore to determine more exactly my chronology of this work in the light of his elaborate study of this unique MS. To enable us to fix the earlier limit for the date of I note below the following evidence for the consideration of scholars :- (1) manirama ( = M) mentions and quotes from harinarayanamisra e.g. Folio 7- - " merustambhe .....harinarayana misrasya " Folio 1 - " srimadgangatarangavakti ... 7 harinarayanamisranam Folio 4 - " ya gauri sasira ......40 harinarayanamisra " Folio 31 - " svaya nayam sayam pathikapurato ...46 harinarayana- misrasya " "" According to Dr. Chaudhuri one faraf has been quoted from in the padyaveni of venidatta ( A. D. 1644) as the author of the following verses :P. V. No. 872 - "nirgunapi saguna "

P. V. No. 141 - " bhubhrnmauli tatisu | saha sahijaham bravimi ... " In view of the reference to Shah Jahan (1628-1658 A. D. ) in verse No. 141 above this harinarayanamisra is contemporary of Shah Jahan and I may add that he is contemporary of venidatta also. If harinarayanamisra mentioned by M is identical with his namesake mentioned in the qualt we can say that M is later than c. A. D. 1630. (2) M mentions bhojaprabandha as follows :Folio 48 - " bhoja prabandhadetau Folio 58 - " bhojaprabandhat " ,, Folio 6 - "bhojaprabandhasya " Folio 8 - - Do Folio 72 - " bhojaprabandhat " According to Dr. A. B. Keith (Sans. Lit., 1928, p. 293) the Bhojaprabandha of ballalasena belongs to the 16 th Century. We may, therefore, conclude that M is later than c. A. D. 1550. ( 3 ) M quotes from and mentions akabariya kalidasa e. g. on folios 4, 6, 10, 11 ( = P. V. 138 ), 13, 54 ( verses 14 and 19). These references would make M posterior to Akbar (A.D. 1542-1605) who patronized akabariya kalidasa . (4) The following verses are quoted by M as his own in his anthology 88 Folio 6 - " todaresa yasobhadya budbudastarakatrajah | vyomagamgamrnaliva phenakhandopamo vidhuh || 68 || deva sritodaresa ksitipatitilaka svetamanayasobhi jate girvanavrndai tava sivasadrse kautukam tatra jatam | anyonyam sarvadeva natitati vinatah srimahadevabudhya | jata laksmya ca krsne punarapi ca sive yojita drstipatah || 69 || Folio 7 - " dipah satrapamandire paracamu ratrau ca candadyutih | - satroh samgarasagaresu bhagavan saksatpunarvadavah | vidyudvairikulacale sumanasam vrndai suvarnacalo | rajastodaramallanama nrpaterbhati pratapanalah || 80 || mama " "

Folio 9 - " kalindi kamakelau kalayati na kalam keralikelitalpam | karnati karnakupe kamalakalikaya napi kamti karoti | - gaudi gatva guhayam gayati gurutam gujambhurjamdese | tailangi tailavartam tyajati tu nitaram todaresa prayane || mamaivedam || Folio 10 - " yane srinrpatodarasya sakalam ketum niriksyarunam | yatra dumdubhidirghanisvana daladbrahmandaraktabhramat | dhata vyagramatih prapasyati punah samdhaya hetum bhayat | suryobhusca kampati muhustralokyamavarttate || 12 || mamaiva || " Folio 22 - " jitam samastam hi jaganmanauje- ratah param kim karaniyamasti | itiva hetoh kimurojakaitava- dvayastikrtau kamcanadundubhi te || 300 || mamaiva || " 219 11 " Out of the five verses which, M states, are his own composition four verses are in praise of the finance minister of Akbar. todaramala (A.D. 1535-1589) was a great patron of Sanskrit learning. Is it possible to suppose that M was patronized by raja todaramala ? As M has taken special care to compose 4 verses in praise of this Raja we can easily infer that either M had intense admiration for todaramalla as a result of the latter's liberal patronage to M or that M was not far removed in point of time from so that he could pay his tribute to He's valour, the reputation of which must have been fresh in the minds of the generations that followed him say between A. D. 1600 and 1675 and to which M belonged. far ar " amkola laksmana " (5) M mentions 1 on folio 7 and quotes the following verses as his composition:- 88 raghukulatilaka krpala tvadvisa ksonipala pravilasadaya kirtisyamale visvajale | 1. On folio 8 I find another verse ascribed to amkola laksmana as follows:- " deva ksonitaladhipa tvayimahadanapradhane vidhau cetah kurvvati yatayatyapi drsam svarnadike vastuni | vipranamatighoradharakathinadyotatkutharodyata- ghataprasphuritangasandhicakito meruh param kumpate || 85 || amkola laksmanasya "

bhagavati bhajamane krsnatam sulapani kimudadhi giripugyau cakratustannivatah || 74 || amkola laksmanasya " The above verse is anonymously quoted on p. 123 of subhasitaratnabhandagara ( N. S. Press, Bombay, 1911 ) as follows:- raghutilaka nrpala tvadvisatksonipala pratilasadapa kirtisyamale visvajale | bhagavati bhajamane krsnatam sulapani kimudadhigiripugyau cakratu stanna vidmah || 122 || " "amkola laksmana " mentioned by M is identical with "laksmanabhatta akolakara " the author of the anthology padyaracana (kavyamala 89. N. S. Press, Bombay, 1908) In my paper on the date of padyaracana (fournal of Oriental Research Madras, Vol. XIV. Pt. III) I have proved that this author flourished between A. D. 1610 and 1673 as he quotes akabariya kali- dasa on the one hand and is quoted in Haribhaskara Agnihotri's padyamrtatarangini composed in A. D. 1673. As M mentions amkola laksmana (Between c. A. D. 1610 and 1673 ) we may reasonably infer that M was either a contemporary of amkola laksmana or that he flourished later than A. D. 1630. ( 6 ) Prof. Gore will of course deal exhaustively with the works and authors mentioned by M in his anthology. I note below these works and authors as I noticed them during a rapid survey of the Ms:- bhanukara, harinarayanamisra, ravana, kalidasa, ramacandra, ghana- syama, akabbari kalidasa, ganapati, raghunatha, hanumat, bhojaprabandha, govimdabhatta, ghanasyama misra, amkola laksmana, mama (author himself), dharanidhara, kulamani, sriharsa, daksinatya, mahakavi, bheribhamkrti, murari, narayanabhatta, varahamihira, raudra, laksmana, vaidyabhanu, bana, ratnakara, bhavabhuti, gadadhara, jayadeva, prabhakarabhatta ( fol. 17 ), haridevamisra, trivikrama, bilhana, harideva, sarngadhara, vaidyanatha, govarddhana, sakavrddha, bhasa, laksmidhara, valmiki, rudradeva, pauranika samkarabhatta (fol. 25 ), amaruka, visvambhara misra, vanivilasa, maithila (fol. 34 ), morika, vahinipati, panmasika, dhanamjayavijaya, madhyupadhyaya, nidradaridra, avilava, vasudeva, dhurtta, kavindra (47), bhartrhara, maghakavi, avamtivarman, kalasa, acala, gunakara, kaviraja, panini, prabodhacandrodaya, bhasa (fol. 58), kavikamkana, mahanataka, uttara- caritra, vyasa, krsnamisra, bhartrhari ( fol. 65 ), samkararthya, mahadeva, uma-

patideva, madana, trilocanadasa (fol. 72), bhavadeva thakkura, ramganatha, bhoja, vikatanitamba, bhoja, rudrabhattacarya, bheribhamkara candradeva, raghavacaitanya, mallabhatta, anamdavarddhana, puspakara ( fol. 78), govindaraja, laksmanasena, muktapida, candrakavi, bhavadanna, nagavaidya, vallabhadeva, puspakara ( fol. 81 ), bhojadeva, sarasvatikutumba, ksemendra, karpurakavi, dhanadeva, harihara ( fol. 84 ), malavarudra, devesvara, etc. in the (7) M has quoted more than 25 verses of ff present anthology. I have proved in a special paper that all these verses have been taken by M from the samjivani of harideva misra recently edited by Mr. K. M. K. Sarma, Curator of the Anup Sanskrit Library, Bikaner as Appendix to his edition of akabarasahi srmgaradarpana ( Ganga Oriental Series No. 1, 1943). Curiously enough the rare MS of the taat on which Mr. Sarma has based his edition belonged to a H the great scholar at the court of Maharaja Anup Singhji of Bikaner (A. D. 1669- 1698) as the last folio of this MS bears the title of the work and the name of afara c, as stated by Mr. Sarma in his Introduction (p. XXVI). I am of opinion that manirama, the author of the sloka-samgraha anthology is identical with manirama diksita the protege of Maharaja Anup Singhji. Very probably M used the rare Ms of - samjivani for the quotations given by him in his sloka-sangraha . In view of the evidence recorded above we may easily arrive at the following conclusions:- (1) The date of the composition of the of for is definitely later than A. D. 1600. (2) manirama diksita, the owner of the Bikaner MS of the srmgara samjivani, is identical with manirama, the author of the slokasangraha anthology. If these conclusions are accepted the date of the lies between A. D. 1650 and 1700. I reported my discovery of manirama ' slokasamgraha anthology to Mr. K. M. K. Sarma, Curator, Anup Sanskrit Library, Bikaner, who was kind enough to send me a copy of his note on " " (RPages 63-64 of Ind. Hist. Quarterly, XXI, 1945) and some additional information. While thanking Mr. Sarma for his great interest in my discovery, I note for the information of readers some points

from Mr. Sarma's note and correspondence bearing on the life and works of diksita maniramah- (1) There are many MSS in the Anup Sans. Library bearing the signature of diksita manirama, sometimes together with the signature of sivananda misra, (2) The genealogy of fc as revealed by his works is as follows :- - sivadatta (of gaudavamsa ) gamgarama misra manirama (belonging to dhurjatapura ) (3) manirama refers to his guru harinarayanamisra ' in his anupavyavaharasagara ( " asmad gurucarana harinarayanamisra- krtapadyena jneyam " -- fol. 39 a of the MS in the Anup Sans. Library). In the B. O. R. Institute MS of the slokasamgraha also manirama quotes some verses of harinarayanamisra, (4) Works of manirama in the Anup Library :- (i) katyayanasrautasutrabhasya ( No. 706) - At the beginning the author says that he writes this for the benefit of his son. At the beginning of the shloka-samgraha also he makes a similar statement ( maniramena vidusa svasutasya hitaisina | pracanikrtapadyanam samgrahah kriyate svayam || ) (ii) mahabharatasara (Nos. 984-88) signed by manirama and sivananda . (iii) mahabharatabhavadipasaroddhara ( No. 989 ) virataparvan and (No. 990) udyogaparvan -- This is a gloss of nilakamtha 's commentary and explains difficult passages here and there. It is styled pariskara also. nilakamtha caturdhara 2 1. One harinarayana misra composed (1) madhuvidhvamsabhaskara denouncing spirituous liquor and (2) mamsatimiravidhvamsabhaskara against non-vegetarian diet. There is a MS of No. 1 in the Anup Library. No. 2 is referred to in No. 1. 2. Vide my papers on this author :- (1) Annals (B. O. R. Institute ), 1942, Vol. XXIII, pp. 146-161. (2) Journal of the Tanjore S. M. Library (1944), Vol. IV, No. 1, pp. 1-7.

(iv) SLOKASAMGRAHA OF MANIRAMA 223 was patronized by of Bikaner, the patron of manirama . Possibly manirama must have been in contact with nilakamtha caturdhara during Anupasimha's Deccan campaigns. (No. 991)- There is no mention of the author. Mr. Sarma thinks that this work is probably a part of manirama 's mahabharatasara . (v) anupavilasa in 7 parts called ratna s dealing with dharma - (Nos. 2348-2359) (ee Dr. C. K. Raja's article in the Jha Institute Journal, Vol. II, parts 2-3). (vi) anupavyavaharasagara (No. 4305) deals with muhurtasastra in ten sections called fis- MS dated Samvat 1746 (= A. D. 1690). (vii) (viii) T (No. 8014). a (No. 1477 ). (5) 'A MS of the bhramaraduta of vacaspati bhattacarya bears the signature of diksita manirama along with the endorsement :- ramapatpankajasaktacittavidvacchiromaneh | following versified pustam misra maniramasyastam khyatam mahitale | " This very endorsement is found on a MS of the commentary prakasa on prabodhacandrodaya (MS No. 31997). Sometimes the signature appears as "diksita ) manirama " and sometimes as "di0 manirama - sivananda ." This sivananda needs to be identified. On a MS of in the Anup Library (No. 3052) we find the following verse :- 66. rasasvisaptendumite ca varse vasantamase hi haresthitau ca | yam kalidaso'pi cakara purvam nalodayakhyam hi kathanakam ca | tam maniramah sivanamda stripurasya pure vasan | lilekha caiva sarvesam lokanam hitakamyaya || The chronogram " rasasvisaptendu " = Samvat 1726 = A. D. 1670. There are many name-sakes' off. They should be distinguished from our manirama, the protege of maharaja anupasimha of Bikaner. The relative chronology of the several works of this should be reconstructed on the strength of the dated MSS of his works in the Anup Library, Bikaner, but I leave this task to friend Mr. K. M. K. Sarma, M. O. L. the present Curator of this Library and the General Editor of its Ganga Oriental Series. my 1. Vide Aufrecht's Cata. Catalogorum I, 421; II, 97; and III, 91.