26. Vishvanatha Vaidya, the Author of the Kosakalpataru

26. Vishvanatha Vaidya, the Author of the Kosakalpataru, the Protege of Jam Sattarsal of Navanagar, Jagatsimha of Udaipur and Harisimha of Pratapgad - Between c. A. D. 1580 and 1660* The only MS of a lexicon of the name Kosakalapataru recorded by Aufrecht in his Catalogus Catalogorum is represented by the following entry :CCI, p. 130" lexicon, by Visvanatha, Peters 2. 189" The MS "Peters 2. 189" is identical with MS No. 99 of A 1883-84 in the Govt. MSS Library at the B. O. R. Institute Poona. The present edition' of the Kosakalpataru is based on this unique MS acquired by Peterson for the Government of Bombay in 1883-1884. It is mentioned by him in his Second Report (Extra number of the Journal of the B. B. R. A. Society for 1884, page 5 of the list at the end of the Report). Extracts from the beginning and end of this MS are recorded by Peterson on pages 123-124 of his Report. About Visvanatha, the author of the Kosakalpataru, Aufrecht makes the following entry :- CCI, p. 584 "faaar Son of Narayana: -Kosakalpataru lex. He mentions the Medinikosa as one of his sources -Jagatprakasakavya -Satrusalyacaritakavya" About the Jagatprakasakavya Aufrecht makes the following entry- CCI, p. 194 a poem in praise of Jagats mhadeva, Son of Karnadeva, by Visvanatha Vaidya, son of Narayana, Peters, 3.354" * Poona Orientalist, Vol. XIII, Nos. 1-2, pp. 19-29. 1. This edition will be published by Dr. S. M. Katre. (193) B.I.L.H.13

In Appendix II of his Third Report (Extra Number of F. B. B. R. A. S., Bombay, 1887 ) Peterson has given extracts from MSS preserved in different libraries (pp. 191-379 ). Among these extracts he has given on pp. 354-355 an extract' from a MS of Jagatprakasakavya dated A. D. 1644 in Kotah library. It is clear from the date A. D. 1644 of this MS that Visvanatha Vaidya is earlier than A. D. 1644 and later than the Medini lexicon to which he refers in his Koshakalpataru as pointed out by Aufrecht. I have proved elsewhere that the date of the Medini lexicon lies between c. A. D. 1200 and 1275. In view of this date we may safely fix up the date of Visvanatha Vaidya between say about A. D. 1350 and 1650. These limits will be narrowed down on the strength of evidence to be recorded in this paper. About the third work of Visvanatha 'Aufrecht makes the following entry :- C C I, p. 632 - " satrusalyacarita - Kavya by Visvanatha Son of Narayana. Peters 3.342" 1. This extract reads as follows :Jagatprakasakavya by Visvanatha Vaidya, fol. 1 109, Dated sam. 1700 = A. D. 1644. Begins:- srimanmamgalamurtirjayati || srimannarayanaya namah || sambhuh sam bhuvi bhuri bhavayatu vah sambhujyamanam janai- yoddhamge nidadhati kamadhugapi premna prakamam priyam | citram yasca satimativa kurute *pamni cumbana- dapyenam sa caracaretra bhuvane lokalisokapaham || 1 || " Ends :- " srimadranakavamsamauktikamani sri karnadevatmaja- ksonimamdalamamdanabhidhajagasimha prasamsojjvale | satkavyetra jagatatprakasa udite srivisvanathabhidha- jnenapuri caturdasotivisadah sargo budhanam priyah || 72 || iti srimanmahimamdalakhamdalasricitrakutasarvabhauma srautasmarttadharmakarmacaracaturinivarita kalikalasrimadranakhumanakulamaulimamdanasrimatkarnadevatmaja srimanmaharajadhiraja dharma- vatara sapta lokaikadanavaridhirodattagunasobhita srimajjagatsihadevaprasamsojjvale srimadvidva- vrmdavamdaniya padaravimda srimannarayanatmaja srimatkavinathavisvanatha vaidyakrte srijagatprakasa- mahakavye bamdistutirnama caturdasah sargah * 66 pamcanani 0 " ? 11 samaptam cedam kavyam || " 2. See pages 171-175 of New Indian Antiquary, Vol. VII (1945).

Peterson records an extract' from the MS of this Kavya, preserved in the Boondi library on p. 342 of this Third Report referred to above. This extract discloses the name of Visvanatha's mother viz. "Rukmini" which is not found in the extracts from his two other works recorded by Peterson. I note below some information about Visvanatha as gathered from the extracts quoted by Peterson from (1) The Kosakalpataru (B.OR.I. MS), (2) Jagatprakasakavya (Kotah MS) and (3) Satrusalyacarita ( Boondi MS ) :-- (I) Kosakalpataru. ( 1 ) In line 3 at the commencement the author bows to his father Narayana as follows:- 6. 66 srinarayananamanamanamya pitaram ciram | kosakalpatarum kurmah sarmane kavisamsadah || " ( 2 ) Verse 67 at the end of the MS mentions his father as narayanah budhah " of devalaya pattana " the capital town of Devalaya' in the Vidarbha Country ( vidarbhadesa tila ke devalaye pattane ) noted for its learning ( vidyagarbha ). This Narayana is also mentioned as hailing from a family of physicians (vaidyakulajah ). ( 3 ) Verse 68 refers to Narayana as having possessed matchless proficiency in Ayurveda. 1. This extract reads as follows : ---Begins: - " || sriganesaya namah || sristadevatayai namah || sriradha kucakalasadvaye tigaure samsarpi navajaladoddhuro murarih | aslise jayati vapuh prabhasamuhah kasturilalitaghanamgaragamali || 1 || " Ends :- " yamtarvanisiromanervarabhisagvamsaka muktamaneh sahityamburuhakaraikataraneh srivaidyanarayanat | rukminyamudabhudamusya sukaveh srivisvanathasya sa- tkavye srinrpasatrusalyacarite devacalatrotanam || 50 || iti srimadvaidyavamdyapadasrinarayanatmajasrivisvanathacarate srisatrusalyacarite devagirigrahananama dvavimsah sargah || 22 || " srimanmaharajadhiraja- 2. I am inclined to identify this Devalaya with Deolia the old capital of the Pratapgadh State.

(4) From such an eminent father was born Vaidya Visvanatha (verse 69 ). (5) Verses 70 and 71 mention the lexicons used by Visvanatha in the composition of his own Kosakalpataru viz . (1) the ad, (2) ajaya, (3) bhaguri, (4) sasvata, (5) vyadi, (6) gauda ( ? ), (7) mahesa (? ), (8) rabhasam (9) aruna (?), (10) medini, (11) namdina, (12) durga, (13) camdra , (14) mala, (15) (sati- jaladhikrta ) haravali, (16) sabdarnava, (17) utpalini , (18) subhuti, (19) halayudha, (20) vikramabhupati . (11) Jagatprakasakavya (MS of A. D. 1644). (1) The expression ":" at the beginreference to ning of the MS has possibly a Narayana, the father of Visvanatha, as also to god Narayana. (2) Verse 72 at the end informs us that the Jagatprakasakavya in 14 Sargas was composed by Visvanatha in praise of king Jagatsimha, Son of Karnadeva² of the Ranakavamsa. (3) The prose colophon states that the JagatprakasaMahakavya was composed by Kavinatha Visvanatha Vaidya, son of Narayana in praise of Maharajadhiraja Jagatsimhadeva, son of King Karnadeva the ornament of Rana Khumana line of kings and sovereign of Chitrakuta. (III) Satrusalya Carita. (1) Verse 50 at the end informs us that Visvanatha was - 1. Vide p. 249 of History of Rajputana (in Hindi) by J. Gahlot, Jodhpur, 1937 Maharana Jagatsimha I of Mewad was born on 14 th August 1607. He came to the throne in March 1628. He died at Udaipur in Samvat 1709 (= A. D. 1652). 2. Ibid p. 248- Karnasimha, the father of Jagatsimha was born on 7 th January 1584 and died in March 1628. 3. Vide p. 109 of the Gazetteer of the Mewar Residency, Vol. II-A by Major K. D. Erskine, Ajmere, 1908 - The dates of Jagatsimha I of Udaipur as given here are "A. D. 1628-52". Jagatsimha I built the celebrated Jagmandir palace in the centre of Pichola lake. On p 22 we are informed that Karpasimha or Karansingh built part of the Jagmandir palace and it was completed by Jagatsingh, after whom it is called Jagmandir.

born of Rukmini, and Vaidya Narayana an ornament to a family of physicians. This Visvanatha composed the Satrusalyacarita. (2) The colophon states that the Satrusalyacarita was composed by Visvanatha, son of Vaidya Narayana in 22 Sargas. King Satrusalya' is called "Maharajadhiraja" in this colophon. On the strength of the above data we can represent the genealogy of Visvanatha, the author of the Kosakalpataru as follows:- (Vaidya) Narayana (of Devalaya, capital of Vidarbha country) (married Rukmini) (Vaidya) Vishvanatha wrote three works:- (1) Kosakalpataru (2) Jagatprakasakavya (MS of A.D. 1644) (3) Satrusalyacarita The Jagatprakasakavya was composed by Vaidya Visvanatha in praise of Maharana Jagatsimha who ruled the Udaipur (or men. 1. This king Satrusalya is identical with Jam Sattarsal of Navanagar in Kathiawar. He ruled from A. D. 1569-1608 (See Bombay Gazetteer Vol. VIII, pp. 566-567 and 569). He was a patron of learned He patronized a poet named, the author of a work called (See my article on this work in the Annals (B. O. R. Institute, Vol. XII, pp. 202-204, 1931). The B. O. R. I. MS of this work is dated samvat 1652 (=A. D. 1596) pays his tribute to his patron follows:in verses 36 and 37 at the end of this work as 'samyak sastra paramparapratipadanyasa kriyaprollasa- dvidyapatravinodaramgarasikah srisatrusalyo nrpah | tattatkamakalakalapakusalah samgitasahityayoh daksastamdavadambarapramudito jamasviram jivatu || 36 || astiyam rasakaumudi rasavidam samtosasampadini re dhira dharanitaleti vipule yatrapi kutrapi ca | aste ksonipatih suradrumasamo data rasagrahaka- statraivam pathato janasya sulabha gamgeyasiddhih kare || 37 || " This is a fine tribute to king Satrusalya of Navanagar, the common patron of srikanthakavi and visvanathavaidya .

dw in Mewar) State from A. D. 1628 to 1653. As the Kotah MS of this Kavya is dated 1644 the date of composition of this poem lies between A. D. 1628 and 1644. This poem appears to have been composed after A. D. 1628 as it describes Jagatsimha as a ruling King (cf. ksonimamdalamamdana in the last verse 72 and " citrakuta sarvabhauma the colophon). Evidently the Kotah MS of A. D. 1644 is a conWe temporary copy of this poem and hence very important. must also see what light it throws on the history of Udaipur as is possibly complete:in 14 sargas. the poem Pandit Chitrav Shasari makes the following remarks about Jagatsimha Guhilot on p. 387 of his Madhyayugina Caritrakosa, Poona, 1937:- jagasimha guhilota His corona- " - (Born A. D. 1607-Died A. D. 1652) -Maharana of Udaipur, Son of Karnasimha. tion took place in March 1628. He defended his kingdom He pleased Emperor bravely when Jehangir invaded it. Shah Jahan by sending him a Nazrana. He effected repairs to the Chitod fort and built two palaces. Many inscriptions of this king are available. Jagannatha Panditaraya composed a poem called the Jagadabharana" in 50 Slokas in praise of Jagatsimha' and presented it to him about A. D. 1627. Jagatsimha was a lover of horses of costly breeds, besides being celebrated for his liberality and prudence. He died on 10 th October 1652." 66 I am unable to verify the above remarks of Chitrav Shastri as The he has not referred to the sources on which they are based. work is difinitely in praise of Jagat Simha of Udaipur but the connection of with this Jagatsimha has not been prov- - 1. Cf. the following remarks of Prof. V. A. Ramaswami Sastri in his "Jagannatha Pandita" (Annamalai University Series, 1942):P. 14. (Foot note 3) "S. M. Paranjpe conjectures (in his introduction to his edition of the Bhaminivilasa) that the poem (G) is an encomium of Jagatsimha, the Rajput prince, who came to power in 1628. But this view does not find any support among scholars. P. 54 "S. M. Paranjpe, however, conjectures on the support of a manuscript reading of some verses and a colophon of the work that it is a panegyric of the Rajput prince Jagatsimha, son of Krsna (Karna?) simha of Udaipur etc. But what led Jagannatha to eulogise Jagatsimha in a poem is not known."

ed on contemporary documentary evidence. Is there any evidence of the contact of Jagannatha Panditaraya with Jagatsimha I of Udaipur? There is no chronological difficulty in this matter as Jagatsimha lived between A. D. 1607 and 1652 while the date of Jagnnatha Pandita is "c. A. D. 1590-1665 c. A. D. 1590-1665 " [Vide p. 25 of Ramaswami Sastri's "Jagannatha Pandita" (1942)]. The chronology of Visvanatha Vaidya, his works and patrons discussed by me so far may be represented as follows:Chronology Particulars A. D. 1569-1608 He Jam Sattarsal () reigned at Navanagar. patronized srikantha kavi, the author of rasakaumudi and visvanatha vaidya the author of satrusalya carita (in 22 Sargas). 1596 Date of B. O. R. Institute MS of Hig 1607 - - Birth of fe, son of off of Udaipur (Mewar ). 1628 - 1652 - jagatsimha, the patron of visvanatha vaidya ruled at Udaipur Possibly the jagatprakasakavyu was composed between 1628 and 1644 by - . 1644 Date of the Kotah MS of jagatprakasakavya in praise of E described by Peterson (2 nd Report). It is evident from the above table that our author Visvanatha PerVaidya was first patronized by Jam Sattarsal of Navanagar. haps after the death of this patron in A. D. 1608 Visvanatha may have sought other patrons or may have remained without a patron for a period of more than 20 years. After A. D. 1628 he found a patron in King Jagatsimha, Son of Karnasimha, of Udaipur (Mewar) and wrote a kavya in his honour between A. D. 1628 and 1644 as we have proved above. In the light of the above evidence we can safely fix up the chronology of Vishvanatha Vaidya, say between A.D. 1570 and 1655. Let us now see what further light can be thrown on the life history of this author from contemporary sources. In this connection I have to record the following evidence :In 1937 Pandit Jagannatha Krsnalal Sastri of Pratapgad (Rajputana) sent me a copy of a Kavya edited by him. The name of this Kavya is Haribhusanam and its author's name is Mahakavi Gangarama. This printed edition of 97 pages contains

Sargas, of which the 9 th Sarga extends upto the 6 th stanza only. Evidently the edition is based on an incomplete MS of the work. This poem is in praise of Maharaja Harisimha of the Pratapgad State who ruled from A. D. 1629 to 1676 (V. S. 1685 to 1732 according to the Editor ). The date of composition of the poem is discussed by the editor on pp. 2-3 of his Hindi Introduction. According to him the poem was composed between A. D. 1635 and 1649 in which year Maharaja Harisimha of Pratapgad founded the temple of Govardhananatha at Devalia the old capital of the Pratapgad State at the desire of his mother Sri Campa Kumvar. This temple was founded at the hands of Pandita Visvanatha', who is praised in this poem in Sarga VIII ( Stanza 37- 39 ) as follows :Pages 91-92- .6 vidvamstisthati yasya sundaratanuh sarvajna cuda (ma) ni- lokanam gunasamsako'ticaturo vidyapagavaridhih | vadi cancalale hilograbhujagaprodyadutmanmani- dhirah sarvakalakalapakusalah srivisvanathabhidhah || 37 || sesasesavicarasagaragata gangeva yasyasti dhi- nyaye nyayavidagranirbahuvidham vaisesikam vetti yah | mimamsanalinidivaspatirasau vedantavidyaguruh sahitya | mbujasatpado vijayate srivisvanatho budhah || 38 || tarkavyakaranadi karkasamatih sahitya saurabhyava- nmimamsarnava paragah sukavita simantinivallabhah | nananataka bhavya kavyaracana tattatkalakovido drsto'dyaiva maya visistavibhavah 'srivisvanatho ' budhah || 39 || " The above verses contain a fine tribute to the learning and abilities of Visvanatha, who is described as proficient in all arts 1. The contemporaries of Visvanatha at the court of Harisimha (A. D. 1629-1676) mentioned by Gangarama in the Haribhusana Kavya (Sarga VIII ) are :- (i) kalyagadasa (v. 35 ) - purohita . (ii) godabhatta (v. 36 ) - puranika . (iii) kesu (v. 40 ) - dhanadhipa ( Treasurer ). FOR (iii) varsa saha (v. 41 ) - mantri . - (iv) gangarama ( v. 43 ) mahakavi the author of haribhusana, son of madhava bhatta- suri . idT

and sciences like nyaya, mimamsa, vedanta, sahitya, tarka, vyakarana, nataka, kavyaracana etc. As the date of the poem is fixed by the editor between A.D. 1635 and 1649 we can infer that Visvanatha was at this time a man of established literary repute. As he was present in A. D. 1649 at the foundation of the temple of Govardhananatha at his hands we can easily presume that he was a man: advanced in years and was then respected both for his age and learning. us now see if we can identify this Visvanatha with Viswanatha Vaidya, the author of the Kosakalpataru. My grounds in favour of such an identification are as follows:Let (1) Verse 67 at the end of the MS of Visvanatha Vaidya's Kosakalpataru mentions that Narayana, the father of Visvanatha Vaidya belonged to "" (town of Devalaya) the chief 'devalaya pattana town of the Vidarbha country (" vidarbhadesatila ke devalaye pattane " ). I have already suggested that this is identical with Deolia the old capital of the Pratapgad State. devala pattana (2) In the Haribhusana-Kavya, Deolia is called " devalendra (I, 5, 8, etc.) and kings of Pratapgad are called " a " (I, 11, 12, VIII, 3); See also"" (VIII, 5,). Harisimha is called 'devalendra " (VIII, 14 ) and " devalapuradhisa " ( VIII, 16, 19 ), "devalesa " (VIII, 42; IX, 1, 3). " " (3) Phonetically "Deolia" is more akin to "Devalaya than "Devala" and I have no doubt that Deolia is identical with 'devalaya pattana " mentioned by Visvanatha Vaidya and with "devala patana " mentioned by Gangarama in his Haribhusanakavya. " (4) Visvanatha Vaidya's father Narayana hailed from Deolia in the Pratapgad state; it is but natural that he should be invited to found the temple of Sri Govardhananatha of Deolia (in A. D. 1649) his native place. If the above grounds are accepted we can represent the chronology of Visvanatha Vaidya's contact with different royal patrons as follows:c. A. D. 1590-1608- Contact of V (= Visvanatha Vaidya) with Jam Sattarsal of Navanagar as proved by V's authorship of the Satrusalya Carita. Evidently V was a budding poet at this time, say about 25-30 years old. A. D. 1628-1644- Contact of V with King Jagatsimha of

Udaipur as proved by V's JagatprakasaKavya (Kotah MS of A. D. 1644). A. D. 1649 Foundation of the temple of Govardhananatha at Deolia at the hands of V during the reign of King Harisimha of Deolia. A. D. 1635-1649-V praised in three verses in the Haribhusana-Kavya as a very learned man well versed in different sciences and arts. Presuming that V was born about A. D 1580, he must have been about 69 years old in A. D. 1649 when the Queen Mother Campa invited him to found the temple of Govardhananatha at Deolia, the native place of V's father Narayana. V may have continued to live upto A.D. 1660 thus reaching his 80 th year during the reign of King Harisimha of Deolia (A. D. 1629-1676). At any rate we shall be fairly correct in assigning the literary career of Visvanatha Vaidya to the period, A. D. 1600-1650. It is clear from the evidence recorded so far that Visvanatha Vaidya, the author of the Kosakalpataru enjoyed the patronage of (1) Navanagar court in his youth, (2) of Udaipur court in his middle age and (3) of the Pratapgad (Deolia) court in his old age. In all the evidence gathered so far I have not been able to determine the limits for the date of the Koshakalpataru but I have reason to believe that the lexicon must have been composed prior to A. D. 1649, when he was invited to found a temple at Deolia and when he was known to be a man of great literary repute, well versed in Vyakarana and other branches of Sanskrit learning specified by Gangarama in his Haribhusana-Kavya composed between A. D. 1635 and 1649 according to its editor Pandit Jagannatha Sastri of Pratapgad.