14. Lolimbaraja and His Works

According to Dr. A. B. Keith' Lolimbaraja's Vaidyajivana is a late medical work of the 17 th Century. The Madhyayugina Caritrakosa 2 assigns Lolimbaraja to A. D. 1633. Mr. Krishnamachariar³ states that Lolimbaraja belonged to Harihara's court, but he does not state when this Harihara flourished. Aufrecht makes the following entries about Lolimbaraja and his works:CC I, 546 fra Son of Divakara, client of Harihara, Son of Surya :- -Camatkara Cintamani (med.) Ratnakala Caritra (med.) * Indian Culture, Vol. VII, pp. 327-333 and 447-456. 1. Sanskrit Literature, Oxford, 1928, p. 511. 2. Ed. by S. Chitrava Shattri, Poona, 1937, p. 721. - This Kosa states that Lolimba raja was the son of Dinakarabhatta Joshi of Junnar (Poona District). He had married a Muhammedan girl of the name Ratnakala. He composed a work on medicine called VaidyaJivana and a commentary on the Bhagavata called Harivilasa. He composed some songs as well. His real name appears to have been Tryambakaraja. He calls himself "Kavipatashah." " 3. Vide p. 216 (section 129 ) of Classical Sanskrit Literature, 1937. To Harihara's court belonged Lolimbaraja, son of Divakara a descendant of Suryapandita. In Harivilasa (Kavyamala, Bombay) in 5 Cantos and in Sundara Damodara he describes the history of Krsna ending with the death of Kamsa. He was a great physician and his works on medicine, written in excellent poetry are much admired." 4. CC I, 183" by Lolimbaraja. K. 212. Bik. 635, Burnell 69.8" " 5. C C I, 489 med. by Lolimbaraja - IO 2079 B. 4,234. (79)

-Vaidyajivana' -Vaidyavilasa² (?) Khn. 88. See Harivilasa. -Vaidyavatamsa³ -Harivilasa Kavya -Lolimbarajiya (med.) Oppert II. 3316. - vaidyajivana 1. C C, I, 671 by Lolimba raja- numerous MSS. Commentaries :- 1. by jnanadeva or damodara K. 220. 2. by prayagadatta called vijnanandakari, Oudh XI, 34. 3. by NW 582. 4. by IO. 1906, 2071, 2180, B. 2, 240, 242, Bik. 662, NW. 594. Oudh 1876, 34. XV, 140. P. 15. Poona 306. Peters. I. 119. 5. by H. 346. Peters. 2, 197. C C, II, 146- Commentaries :- 1. 2. 3. prayagadatta Oudh XX, 252. Peters. 4, 41, BL 247. Stein 190. C C, III, 128 - Commenatries:- (1) (2) HAK 948, As. p. 185. Peters. 6. 463, Tb. 162. Bd. 913, Peters, 6. 462. Dr. Raghavan refers to the following commentaries on the Vaidyajivana in a private communication dated 9 th October 1939:- (1) By Sukhananda Yati (Ed. Bombay, 1863). (2) An elaborate anonymous Comm. (I O. 6234 and Madras Trien. 2221). (3) By Krsnapandita (2 MSS - Mysore I, p. 365 ). (4) By Tata Suryanarayana [Madras Trien. 2844 (b) ]. 2. C C, I, 613. 3. C C, I, 613- 66 11 vaidyavatamsa ad by Lolimbaraja. B. 4. 244. Burnell 67ª. Oppert II, 8367." Dr. Raghavan informs me that there is one MS of the work at Rajapur. C C, II, 147" Stein 190." - 4. CC, I, 761 " harivilasakavya written by order of King Harihara, son of Surya, by Lolimbaraja, L. 83, K. 68. B. 2, 114. Bik. 233. Katm. 7. Oudh V, 6. NP. VIII, 16. Burnell 113 a. Gu. 4. P. 10. Bhk. 27 (fr.). Oppert 3897. II, 2539. Peters. 3. 397. Printed in Pandit 2. 79. Quoted by purusottamadeva in varnadesana . 65 CC, II, 236- Ulwar 987". C C, III, 157" Bd. 487. IO 2420".

I shall now try to record the chronological data gathered from the available Mss of the works of Lolimbaraja mentioned by Aufrecht in the foregoing entries. (1) Harivilasa About Harivilasa Dr. A. B. Keith' observes:- "about 1050 Lolimbaraja wrote his Harivilasa which in Canto iii gives the usual descriptions of seasons and in IV of Krsna." If Lolimbaraja wrote about A. D. 1050 a poem of the name Harivilasa he must be different² from another Lolimbaraja who composed his Vaidyajivana in the 17 th Century as stated by Keith elsewhere (p. 511). Aufrecht states (C C I, 761) that the Harivilasa Kavya is quoted by Purusottamadeva in his Varnadesana. If this statement is correct it supports Keith's statement that Lolimbaraja wrote the Harivilasa about 1050 A. D. because the date of Purusottama³ as given by Prof. Ramavatara Sarma is about the 1 st half of the 12 th Century. I shall now examine some of the available MSS 4 of the text of I. Sanskrit Literature, p. 137 Footnote:-"Ed. KM. 62. The date C. 1000 ascribed by Bhandarkar p. 20 is dealt with by Pischel (Die Hofdichter des Laksmanasena, pp. 37 f. ). Cf. Fleet Bombay. Gaz. i, 2. 563." 2. Aufrecht ( C C I, 546) evidently supports the identity of the two Lolimbarajas (1) author of Vaidyajivana and (2) the author of Harivilasa by including both these works under one entry. ; 3. Vide p. xxii of Intro. to Kalpadrukosa, Vol. I, Baroda, 1928 Sarvananda (1159 A. D.) refers to Purusottamadeva in his Amarakosatika. 4, The Tanjore MSS Library contains 5 MSS of the Harivilasa (Vide pp. 2854 ff. of Tanjore MSS Cata. Vol. VI, 1929). MS No. 3857 does not contain verse 96 at the end of Canto V of the printed Kavyamala Edition. This verse contains a reference to the poet as ratnakalaramana, " MS No. 3858 contains the verse sriman lhamaraso ... ciram " giving the genealogy of King Hari, the patron of the author. MS No. 3859 does not give the verses containing the refeence to ratnakalaramana . (Continued on next page) S.I.L.H.6

the Harivilasa as found in the Kavyamala Edition (1895), Part XI (pp. 94 to 133). This examination may give us some dates of the MSS of this poem as also the date of composition of the poem as recorded in the MSS :- (Continued from the previous page) MSS Nos. 8860 and 8861 are incomplete. The Govt. MSS Library at the B. O. R. Institute contains the following MSS of the Harivilasa :- (i) No. 78 of 1871-72 - ends - nanagunairavanimamdanamamdanasya | srisuryasunuharibhumibhujo niyogat | trailokya ) kautukakaram kriyate sma karyam | lolimbarajakavina kavinayakena || 54 || iti srimatsurya pamditakulalamkara hariharamaharajodyotitalolimbarajaviracite harivilase mahakavye kamsavadho nama pamcama sargah 1624. " Date of the copy is recorded as " rasavedesubhusake 1546 " = A. D. (ii) No. 467 of 1884-87. (iii)_ No. 468 of 1884-87 - "harivilasah sampurnah harivilasah sampurnah kim tyaktvetyarabhya tadastam ciramityantam padyadvayam harivilasamudranantavasare sriharicandeti prasiddhamahadhanika- pustakagaropalabdham tatasca hariharamaharajasya pitamaho hamarasasarma gayagirinivasi maunyu- panamako bhargava gotriyo svagatah janani ca hariharamaharajasya yelhambiketi bhumikayamanukta- mapi smartavyamiti samiti | " (iv) No. 487 of 1887-91 does not contain verses 96 and 97 at the close of Sarga V (printed text ). It does not contain the two verses beginning with " kim tyaktva " and ending with " ciram " found in some MSS as substitutes for verses 96 and 97 of the printed text. (v) No. 204 of 1879-80 does not contain verses 96 and 97 referred to above. It does not contain the two verses beginning with " kim tyaktva etc. ending with " ciram ". It ends as follows ;- " " kavyam harivilasakhyam ye pathisyamti kecana | 1 tebhyah srihariratraiva dravyam dasyati dainyahrt || 1 || sake mite bananabhah saremdubhih subhanu samvatsara kotarayane | amoghamasasya ca suklapakse kala krtam kavyamidam jaganmude || iti | harivilasah || " The above verse gives Saka 1505 = A. D. 1583 as the date of com. position of the poem (Vide IHQ, Dec. 1936 pp. 719-20 of Mr. Patkar's article). ( Continued on next page )

The foregoing examination of the MSS of the Harivilasa gives us the following chronology :- A. D. 1583 - Date of composition recorded in a verse found in two MSS at the B. O. R. Institute, one of these MSS being copied in A. D. 1622. A. D. 1622 - Date of MS ( No. 204 of 1879-80). A. D. 1624-Date of MS (No. 78 of 1871-72). In the Kavyamala Edition of this poem we find the following verses' before the last verse nanaguna .... kavinayakena " :- 66 (Continued from the previous page) 66 The date of copying of the MS is " samvat 1679 sake 1544 " = A. D. 1622-3. (vi) No. 377 of 1884 86 - This MS ends as follows :- 66 kim tyaktva vasatirbaliksititale patalamevasritam bho bhogisvara ta tatra satatam mam klesayantyarthinah | astaikopiharigayacalagirau ksmapalacudamani- stenarthiprakarah krtodhanadavagacchadhuna tvam sukham || 56 || harirajaprataparkaprataptamgi digamgana | digamka vijayamtiva karnatalaih punah punah || 57|| srimaharasaubhavadvijakulalamkaracudamani- gamga nirmalamauna bhargavakule tasyadvasupamditah | asiccasya subhah surah satukrti yelhambikayam cira- lebhe sriharinama ratnamavadhya (?) tadastam ciram || 58 || nana gunai ......lolimmarajakavina kavinayakena || 59 || iti srimatsurya pamdita ...pamcamah sargah || kavyam harivilasakhyam ye pathisyanti pamditah | tebhyah srihariratraiva dravyam dasyati dainyahrt || 1 || sake mate bananabhah sarademdubhih 1505 subhanusamvatsara kottarayane | amoghamaghasya ca suklapakse kalau krtam kavyamidam jaganmude || 2 || " The above colophon is important as it contains (1) the genealogy of the author's patron from King hara of gayacalagiri and (2) the date of composition of the poem viz. 1505 = A. D. 1583 found in MS No. 204 of 1879-80. 1. The editor of the Kavyamala states that in some MSS the (Continued on the next page )

'sujanaih kujanairapi ratnakalaramanasya kaveh kavitasravanat | ramanibhanitam muraliranitam bhramaribhanitam trnavad ganitam || 96 || atasi kusumopameyakantiryamuna kulakadambamulavarti | navagopavadhu vinodasali vanamali vitanotu mangalani || 97 || " These verses are not found in any of the B. O. R. Institute MSS including MS dated A. D. 1624 (No. 78 of 1871-72 ). Verse 96 contains a reference to the poet as ratnakalaramanasya kaveh ie as husband of ratnakala, which is significant in view of the MS of ratnakala- carita (med.) recorded by Aufrecht viz. I O. 2079 and B. 4. 234. It is possible to surmise that the verses 96 and 97 found in the Kavyamala edition of the Harivilasa and containing the epithet ratnakalaramana with reference to the poet are a later interpolation. (2) Commentaries on the Harivilasa MS No. 182 of 1902-07 - This is a MS of a commentary on the 1 st Sarga of the Harivilasa (by Raghunatha) called Subodhini. (Continued from the previous page) following two verses are found in place of verses 96 and 97 adopted by him in the printed text :- " kim tyaktva vasatim bale ksititale patalamevasritam bho bhogisvara hanta tatra satatam mam klesayantyarthinah | aste ko'pi harirgayacalagiri ksmapalacudamani- stenarthiprakarah krtodhanadavadgacchadhuna tvam sukham || srimanhamaraso'bhavadvijakulalamkaracudamani- ganganirmalamaunibhargavakule tasmadravih panditah | asittasya sutah surasurakrtim yelhambikayam cira- lebhe srihari nama ratnamavanimadhye tadastam ciran || " The genealogy of the patron of the author of the Harivilasa as given in the above verses is as follows:- hari (King at gayacalagiri ) lhamarasa (a dvija of maunibhagavakula ) ravipanditah x yelhadhika Son | hara (patron of lolimba-raja author of harivilasa )

Raghunatha states that our poet Lolimbaraja was a resident of Junnarapattana or the town of Junnara and was an incarnation of the goddess of the place Satyasrnga.' It appears from this statement that the commentator Raghunatha was aware of the association of Lolimbaraja with Junnar in the Poona District but as we don't know the date of Raghunatha it is difficult to determine the exact antiquity of this association. MS No. 425 of 1884.87 - This is a commentary by Bhatta Kamalakara, son of Caturbhuja. It is called Sahitya Saccandrika². As the MS is fragmentary it is difficult to make any immediate use of it for chronological purposes. I have noticed the above commentaries³ on the Harivilasa 1. Vide verses 4 and 5 on folio 1 which read as follows :- 66 satyasrmganivasini bhagavati lilavatarobhava- cchrimajjunarapattanadhivasatirlolimbanama kavih | tatkavye bhagavatpriye harivilasakhye maya tippanam bhattasriraghunathasarmavidusa samtanyate kautukat || 4 || harivilasa kavyasya srilolimbarajakaveh krtau | namna subodhini vyakhya racyate chatratustaye || 5 || " " On folio 12 the commentator explains " lolimbanam " " vaidyanam " and quotes a lexicon in his support :- lolimastu cikitsakah iti kesavah " | In the colophon he refers to his guru tryambakaraja ( " srimattryambakarajagurucaranaprasade prerita ). 2. On folio 14 we have the following Colophon :- 66 ' iti srimaccaturbhujasutabhatta srikamalakaraviracitayam sahityasacamdrikayam harivilasa- vyakhyayam prathamasargah samaptah | Colophon of II Sarga reads as follows:- 66 iti srimaccaturbhujadvitiyah sargah | bhumamdalamadhyavarttipattanavaranagara seharabhi- dhanapuraviracitavasatina srigaudaksatisuravamsabhusana jyotirvinnrsimhatatputra libabhidhanatatputrahara- nastastatputradinakarastatputrajyotirvidvisramatanusambhavena nyayabdhiparakalanatatparena matrhari - vyaikunjyudbhavena bhratrmanahanabhidhanakanisthabhratra bhattakamalakarena krtoyam lekhah paropakrtaye svopayogaya laksminaraya (na) caranakokanadohasaya ca | " 3. Vide Aufrecht CC II, 183. --- Commentaries on the Harivilasa :- (i) By kamalakara Son of Caturbhuja, Rgh. 425 ( = No. 425 of 1884-87). ( Continued on next page )

briefly because Aufrecht records only two commentaries on this poem only one of which is available to me viz. that by Kamalakara noticed above. as " (3) Ratnakala Caritra Only two MSS of the Ratnakala Caritra have been recorded by Aufrecht. The MS in the India Office Library' is described a dramatic poem of 8+ verses (mainly Prakrit) by LolimbaThe interraja. ' This MS is dated Samvat 1708 = A. D. 1651. locutors in this dramatic poem are Lolimmaraja, Ratnakala a Sakhi, a budhi (?), Daulata and Atmarama. Buhler records a MS² of the Ratnakala Caritra but he has included it in the works on Medicine. As the poem appears to have been composed in Marathi its author may have been a resident of Junnara. He may also be (Continued from the previous page) (ii) By yadavakuta Son of kesavakuta BL. 115 ( 1 ), 116 ( 2 ) ; it is called H. Raghunatha's commentary on this poem was not known to Aufrecht. 1. Vide, p. 1491 of Vol. VII of Ind. Office Mss Catalogue (1904), Ms No. 2079 c. Verse 1 at the beginning refers to the author:- " jayati dharanipithe lalalolimmarajah | " Verse 83 at the end also contains a reference to the poet :- " lolimmarajaracitairvividhairvicitrair- vaidagdhyavadbhiraharatnakalacaritaih | " The specimens of the Prakrit as recorded in the catalogue may be given here:last verse- 66 ghadi mujapasom gostitya (?)ci karavom ' sakalabhuvanabhitti to vicitrim lihavo (?) | bahu bahu utakantha jou jai lijana ksanabhari tumhi ana lalalolimmarajah || 2|| " " atiratnakalacaritrajale sakalam hi kavicya manasi ale (?) | amrtahuna godajale patavam ve puthilasi (!) bhaktibhavaih || 84 || " 2. Sanskrit Mss from Gujrat etc., Fase. IV, Bombay, 1873, p. 234. The MS belonged to Nilakantha Ranchod of Ahmedabad.

identical with the 'referred to in the verses 96 and 97 which appear to me to be an interpolation substituted in the Harivilasa in place of the verses giving the genealogy of the patron of the author with some particulars, which yet remain to be identified. Lolimbaraja the author of the Ratnakalacaritra referred to above appears to be identical with Lolimbaraja about whom the following particulars are recorded in Marathi sources:In the History of Marathi Literature called the Maharastra Sarasvata² by V. L. Bhave some account of poets of the "16 th Century " is recorded. This account furnishes the following particulars about Lolimbaraja :- 3 Lolimbaraja is known as the author of a commentary in Marathi on the 10 th skandha of the Bhagavatapurana. He was a resident of Junnar. His surname was Joshi and his descendants are still living in Junnar province. He wrote a Sanskrit work on medicine called the Vaidyajivana. Many songs attributed to him are found in literature and in some old MSS. He was a well-known saint being included among the saints like uddhavacidrana, ranganatha and fara. Devadasa also refers to him.. The account of his early 1. The Vaidyajivana contains references to I as follows:- " 66 " 66 abale krta kamabale caladrk kamale kamalatanuratnakale " I. 74. api ratnale kalanidhe kusale kokilakomalasvare " I. 79. ayi ratnakakale nilanalinachadane ksane " III. 12. " ratnakala krte mulam gavaksya . etc. III. 43. ayi ratnakale kurumakalahamsakalahamsakalatrasamanagate " IV. 46. The Commentator Harinatha (A. D. 1674) explains the name ratnajatisresthe ' " (fol. 30 of Ms No. 913 " ratna kale " as 56 of 1887-91). This explanation as also his explanation of saptasrnga as himalaya ( fol. 4 ) is indicative of the fact that he ( as early as A. D. 1674) was not aware of the biographical particulars about the Deccani Lolimbaraja. In verse 22 of Vaidyajivana a medical preparation is named after 66 curnam ratnakalabhidham gudapayoyuktam etc ). 2. 2 nd Edition, Poona, 1919, Published by B. I. S. Mandal, pp. 167 ff. 3. Raghunatha in his Commentary on the Harivilasa calls lolimba as resident Junnar ( " junnarapattanadhivasatih lolimbanama kavih " ) 4. Bhave quotes the following reference to Lolimba raja in Devadasa's work:- (Continued on the next page)

life is very interesting. He was the son of Divakarabhtta.' In his younger days he was of a gay temperament and given to enjoyments. From a work called lolimbarajaakhyana it appears that he married a beautiful young Mahommedan girl whom he named ratnakala . 2 He was extremely attached to her. After her death his outlook on life changed. He then became a devotee of saptasrrngabhavani ' " (Continued from the previous page) lolimbaraje karitamstavana | mastakihuna kadhilem jivana | bhaktavatsala tum bhagavana | mahima kona varnu sake || " Mr. Bhave mentions two Marathi authors of the name devadasa, one of these two was the pupil of Saint Ramadasa, while the other was caitanyasisya ( Mah. Sarasvata, p. 285. ) 66 1. In the Colophons of Mss of Vaidyajivana Lolimbaraja is called divakarasunu . This parentage is supported by the following verse towards the close of Vilasa V of the Vaidyajivana ( Ms No. 1093 of 1886-92, folio 332 ) :- 65 ayurvedavacovicarasamaye dhanvantarah kevalam sima ganavidam divakara sudhambodhi triyamapatih | uktam sah kavitakrtam matimatam bhubhrtsabhabhusanam kamtoktya krta vaidyajivanamidam lolimmarajah kavih || 24 || " The following editions of the Vaidyajivana have been published :-(1) Bombay, 1874 ; ( 2 ) Edition with Dipika of Sukhananda and Bhasyanivrtti of Mihiracandra (Sanskrit aad Hindi, Venkateshwar Press, Bombay, 1920 ). 2. Mr. Bhave quotes the following verses from lolimbaraja akhyana (p. 169 ) :- " jyaci kirtti jagatrai pragatali mandakinicepari | jo eke ghatikemta sambhara navim padye vinodem kari || jyala ' kavipatasaha ' padavi vidvajjani dimdhali | to ha ratnakale ! tula vinavito lolimbarajah kavi || " refers to satya (pta ) 3. Raghunatha in his Commentary on the Harivilasa this goddess and our author's devotion to her as follows:- srnganivasini bhagavati lilavataro'bhavat " ( v. 4 at beginning of MS No. 182 of 1902-07). The Vaidyajivana refers to in verse 2 at the begginning as follows :- (Continued on the next page)

d, 89 and after some penance came to be very much respected by the people. His work " Vaidyajivana was composed in Saka 1555 (=A. D. 1633 ). Mr. Bhave then describes a MS of Vaidyajivana with him as follows:- All the verses in this MS' are in Marathi. The work is narrated to his beloved. The work ends with the line:-"fa srilo limbarajagrantha vaidyajivana sampurna " One 2 is often mentioned in this work. Can we surmise if was the name of the author himself? Lolimbaraja is referred to by many authors. (4) Camatkaracintamani The Bikaner MS of this work has been described by Rajendralal Mitra. He describes it as a work "on practice of mediSon of Divakara Pandita." The cine. By Lolimbaraja, parentage of the author given in the colophon of this MS is (Continued from the previous page) ratnam vamadrsam drsam sukhakaram sri saptasrngaspadam spastastadasabahutedbhagavato bhargasya bhagyam bhajet | yadbhaktena maya ghastani ghati madhye samutpadyate padyanam satamanganavarasudhasparsavidhanoddharam || 2 || " Vide p. 433 of Pangarkar's History of Marathi Literature, II (1935). is situated to the north of Nasik. The image of the goddess at this place is 12 ft. high, with 18 arms. 1. So far we know only the Sanskrit work Vaidyajivana. The may be a Marathi Vaidyajivana referred to by Mr. Bhave Marathi translation of the Sanskrit original by the author himself or by raghunatha, the Commentator of the Harivilasa, who mentions tryambakaraja as his in this Harivilasatika while Mr. Bhave informs us that the Marathi Vaidyajivana contains numerous references to one HLIA. 2. Raghunatha in his commentary on the Harivilasa refers to as his guru (see MS No. 182 of of 1902-07). on 3. Catal. of Bikaner MSS, Calcutta, 1880, p. 635. 4. This Colophon reads as follows:- " iti srimaddivakarapanditasunulalalolimbarajaviracite camatkaracintamanau narapradiko nama samaptah || " (Continued on the next page)

identical with that given in the MS of the Vaidyajivana.' Burnell² describes a MS of Camatkaracintamani, but he does not say anything about the authorship of the work, perhaps owing to the incomplete nature of the MS. (5) Vaidyavatamsa Burnell³ describes a MS of this work and states that it is a work by Lolimba-raja. He does not say anything about the parentage of this author. The above work described by Burnell is identical with the work Vaidyavatamsa at the B. O. R. Institute, viz. No. 601 of The name 66 (Contiuued from the previous page) lalalolimbaraja " given in the above Colophon is exactly identical with ""in the following line of the (I. O. MS):- " ksanabhara tumhi ana lalalolimmarajah " 1. In verse 3 of Vaidyajivana, Lolimbaraja refers to fas follows:- " divakaraprasadena rogyarogyam samahaya | samasena vayam kurma vakyam sadvaidyajivanam || 3 || dw 2. Tanjore MSS, Part I, London, 1879" a rather absurd work on the cure of diseases, beginning with fever and coughs by some pedant whose name is not given. Wants end; recent. 9966 dw 3. Ibid, p. 67 a" Vaidyavatamsa, brief description of the properties of articles of food, commencing with fruits and ending with meats and preparations of milk by Lolimbaraja. " Begins :- marakatavarna sobhitakarnakadamba kusumena kavikulasulatano lalilolimbarajah " 66 Recent. The abstract in red is mostly in Mahratta. " According to 66 anukrta referred to by Br. Bhave Lolimbaraja was given the title kavipatasaha (jyala kavipatasaha padavi vidvajanim didhali ) Compare this statement with the above line from Vaidyavatamsa viz. kavikulasulatano lalilolimbarajah " 1 4. The MS begins :-- 61 atha vaidyavatamsa likhyate | anukrtamarakatavarna sobhitakarna kadambakusumena | nakhamukhamukharitavina madhye ksina sivasivam kuryat || 1 || (Continued on the next page)

-1915. This MS is dated Saka 1724 = A. D. 1802. The work contains 155 stanzas in all, out of which 7 are devoted to the description and properties of the tobacco plant H. These stanzas bear numbers 56 to 62 and are followed by the statement that they have been taken from some other work.' The name of the work has, however, not been indicated in the MS. These verses appear to me to be an interpolation for the reason that the description of the plant as found recorded in them presupposes the plantation² of tobacco in India about which no definite evidence for the period 1600 to 1625 A. D. or so has (Continued from the previous page) yatprasiddhamiha vartate phalam sakamanyadapi tannirupyate | aprasiddhakathanam tu nisphalam granthavistarabhayanna likhyate || 2 || " The MS ends :- 66 - vagbhatasya matamasti samastam susrutasya carakasya ca kimcit | tadvadatritanayasya vicitram vagvilasaracana mama tavat || 153 || adharaddikrtabimba jitasasibimba mukhaprabhaya | gamanaviralavilamba vipulanitamba sivasivam kuryat || 154 || samasta prthvipatipujaniyo | digamganaslistayasahsarirah | gunimiyam granthamamuttatanam | lolimbarajah kavipatasahah || 155 || sake 1724 dundubhi nama samvatsare phalgunasuddhadvadasam mandavasare granthasamaptigamat | " 1. Vide folio 7 of MS No. 601 of 1899-1915 - 6: 'dhumakhyo dhumavrksasraslesmanam ca vinasyati || 62 || iti tamakhunama gunamsca granthataratsamgrhitam | " 2. Vide article on tobacco in Hobson-Jobson, 1903, p. 925. About A. D. 1604-05-"In Bijapur I had found some tobacco. Never having seen the like in India I brought some with me and prepared a handsome pipe of jewel work.......... His Majesty (Akbar) was enjoying himself after receiving my presents ......... his eye fell upon the tray with the pipe and its appurtenances: he expressed great surprise and examined the tobacco etc." In the beginning the tobacco was imported into India and was considered an article of curiosity. A gold tobacco-box was presented by the King of Siam in A. D. 1622 to Mr. Richard Fursland, "the President of the English nation at Jaccatra (vide p. 297 of the Journal of the Siam Society, August, 1938 ). "

been available, though references to its importation into India have been recorded. Asad Beg (died 1626) on a mission from Akbar to Bijapur about A. D. 1603 saw tobacco for the first rime. In A. D. 1617 Emperor Jahangir forbade its use as it had very bad effect on the health of many people. In 1660 Tavernier speaks of its growing in large quantities near Barhanpur. The third MS. of the Vaidyavatamsa as recorded in the Ujjain MSS 2 Catalogue is incomplete. (6) Vaidyajivana I am not aware of the authority on which Mr. Bhave³ made his statement that the Vaidyajivana was composed in A. D. 1633 ( saka 1555). Prof. Velankar states that Buhler records a MS of the Vaidyajivana which is dated Samvat 1664 ( = A. D. 1608). If this date of MS is correct it conflicts with the above date of composition of the Vaidyajivana given by Mr. Bhave, viz. A, D. 1633.5 Harinatha's commentary on the Vaidyajivana was composed in Samvat 1730 = A. D. 1674. We may, therefore, safely put about A. D. 1650 as one terminus to the date of Lolimbaraja. 6 Though MSS of all the commentaries on the Vaidyajivana are not available to me for examination, I may record here the following dates gathered from the MSS of the work in the Govt. MSS Library at the B. O. R. Institute. 1. Vide p. 165 of Bombay Gazetteer ( Khandesh ), Vol. XII. 2. List of Ujjain MSS. 1936, p. 50, 3. Maharastra, Sarasvata, p. 170. 4. Gujarat MSS, Fasc. IV, (1873) p. 241. - 5. Cf. Bodleian MSS Cata by Winternitz and Keith, Vol. II, Oxford 1905, p. 112 MS No. 1092 (1) of "The date is uncertain; A. D. 1633 according to Sinh Jee but a MS of 1608 appears to exist, Jolly, Medicin, p. 2." The text of Vaidyajivana with Harinatha's Commentary was printed at Benares in 1868. 6. Velankar's Cata. of BBRAS MSS., Vol. I, 1925, p. 88-MS No. 199. The Chronogram for the date of composition of the Commentary" Samvat 1730. The MS was copied - "" at Akbarabad in Samvat 1884 = A. D., 1828.

Manuscript No. Collection Sam vat Saka A. D. Vaidyajivana (=VJ) 374 1882-83 1848 1792. V 7 with Comm. of Rudrabhatta 463 1895-98 1927 1871 V 7 with Harinatha's Comm. 462 -Do- 1920 1864 913 -DoV 7 with Rudrabhatta's Comm. 353 V 7 with Harinatba's Comm. 635 V with Rudrabhatta's Comm. 178 1895-1902 1868 A 1882-83 1822 1687 1766 1878-91 1890 1755 18:4 1879-80 1843 1787 1812 It will be seen from the above table that the oldest dated MS of the VJ at the B. O. R. Institute is dated A. D. 1766, but this date of MS is of no use in our chronology of Lolimbaraja's works. In the Catalogue of Ujjain MSS a MS' of the: V with Rudrabhtta's Commentary dated Saka 1728 (= A.D. 1806) has been recorded. Kielhorn² records two dated MSS of the V 7; one is dated Samvat 1810 A.D. 1754 while the other of the commentary of Jnanadeva or Damodara is dated Samvat 1669 = A. D. 1613. If this date of a MS of VJ, viz. A.D. 1613 is correct it supports the date A.D. 1608 of a MS of the text of the V 7, recorded by Buhler. The cumulative effect of these two dates would enable us to push back the date of Lolimbaraja before A. D. 1600. This conclusion. 1. Cata. of Ujjain MSS, 1936, p. 50. 2. C. P. MSS, Nagpur, 1874, p. 221-MS No. 74 MS No. 74 - vaidyajivana satikam - Samvat 1810 and MS 751 of Jnanadeva or vaidyajivanatika Damodara Samvat 1669. - - 3. Mr. Pangarkar (in his History of Marathi Literature, Vol. II (1935), pp. 603-4) repeats the date of composition of Vaidyajivana viz. Saka 1555 (=A. D. 1633) given by Mr. Bhave. He further. states that Lolimbaraja's Chronology lies between Saka 1500 and 1570 i.e. Between A. D. 1578 to 1648, a period of about 70 years. According to Mr. Pangarkar Ratnakala was the daughter of the Yavana Subhedar of Junnar.

based on the actual dates of MSS makes it impossible for me to believe in the accuracy of the statement of Mr. Pangarkar that Lolimbaraja flourished between A.D. 1578 and 1648. The evidence recorded so far about Lolimbaraja's works leads me to divide it into two sections: (1) Evidence about Lolimbaraja, the author of the poem Harivilasa and (2) Evidence about Lolimbaraja the author of Vaidyajivana and other works. The details of this evidence may be best represented as follows:Lolimbaraja I (1) Author of Harivilasakavya (= HK.). (2) Composed HK in A. D. 1583. The verse recording the chronogram for this date is found in two MSS of the HK, one of them being copied in A.D. 1622. (3) In the HK the author refers to himself, only as " lolimbaraja kavinayaka " in the concluding verse of every Sarga in which he also states that he composed the poem HK by order of king hari . (4) MSS of HK are dated as follows:A. D. 1622-No. 204 of 1879-80 A. D. 1624-No. 78 of 1871-72. (5) Except the name Lolimbaraja the HK gives no information about the author. Verses 96 and 97 Lolimbaraja II (1) Author of the following works: - (i) = Vaidyajivana VJ. (ii) Vaidyavatamsa = VT. (iii) Camatkaracintamani (iv) =CC Ratnakala carita = RC and other Marathi works. (2) The following chronology of the MSS of this author is available: A.D. 1608 MS of VJ. A.D. 1613 MS of V 7 Comm. of Damodara. A.D. 1651 MS of RC A.D. 1674 - - (I O. MS) Harinatha composed Comm. on VJ. A.D. 1766-MS of Rudrabhatta's Comm. on VJ. (3) The parentage of this author is given in the CC as divakarapanditasunu . (see Colophon) and in the V (in the text and in the Colophons). (4) No reference to the patron king is found in the works

Lolimbaraja I referring to the poet as ratnakalaramana are spurious. (6) Verses 96 and 97 at the end of the printed edition of the HK are spurious as they are not found in any of the 8 MSS of the HK examined by me. On the contrary the verses recording the genealogy of the patron of our author are supported by the following MSS: - (i) Ms referred to in No. 468 of 1884-87. (ii) No. 377 of 1884-87 whica verse ,, records the date of composition viz. A.D. 1583. (iii) MS referred to by the Editor of the Kavyamala Edition of the HK in the footnote at the end of the poem. (iv) Tanjore MS No. 3858 contains the sriman lhamaraso etc. (7) There is no evidence in the HK to prove that its the author belonged to Maharastra. On the contrary, the patron king of this author hailed from a place called gayacalagiri, This king's genealogy is as follows: hari - lhamarasa ravi . pandita (m. yelhambika ) son hari (patron of the author of the HK). This line belonged to maunibhargavakula which is called a dvijakula . Lolimbaraja II 55 95 This VJ, VT, CC, RC. omission stands in vivid contrast with the name of king Hari referred to many times in the HK of Lolimbaraja I. (5) Ratnakala, supposed to be the wife of this author is referred to in the RC which bears her name in the V 7 in which she is addressed by name in some verses and in the Marathi work lolimbaraja akhyana, in which our author is called. kavipatasaha . In the VT the author calls himself kavikulasulatana as also kavipatasaha (v. 155). Hari- (6) The reference to the place saptasrnga is found in verse 2 of V (this may be the saptasrnga to the north of Nasik). This author belonged to the Maharastra. The commentator natha (A.D. 1674) having no knowledge of the saptasrnga hill near Nasik wrongly explains the expression saptasrmgaspadam " as sapta sr himalaye eva aspadam sthanam yasya tat ' a " (fol. 4 of MS 913 of 1887-91). Rudrabhatta explains the expression as " saptasrgakhyah parvatah etc. " (fol. 3 of MS No. 463 of 1895-98). 66

hope the evidence recorded in this paper about Lolimbaraja and his works will enable scholars' to clarify some of the issues raised in this study but which still require more evidence to enable us to arrive at definite decisions. I have tried to put together whatever information I could get from the sources so far available to me with a view to helping a more detailed examination of the several works of Lolimbaraja than what I have been able to carry out in the preparation of this tentative study. 1. Since this paper was drafted Dr. V. Raghavan of the Catalogus Catalogorum office, Madras University, has sent to me the information recorded by his office regarding Lolimbaraja and his works. Some of this information may be recorded here:- (1) Edition of Harivilasa-Kavya (Pandit, II) - Here the editor makes Lolimbaraja a contemporary of Bhoja, (2) There are numerous MSS of the Harivilasa, in none of which we find the chronogram (= A. D. 1583) found in the B. O. R. Institute - 2 MSS. (3) In the Vaidyajivana Lolimba describes himself as proficient in Vaidyaka, Kavya and Music. No MS of a music work of Lolimba has yet been found. (4) In the South Indian MSS of the Vaidyajivana (Trien. Cata. No. 2221, 2371, 2844 (a) the work is called Sadvaidyajivana." (5) In Madras MS No. 2371 referred to above the colophon says that Lolimba was the son of king of Munja of Vidarbha. (6) Rudrabhatta, the commentator on the Vaidyajivana, was the son of Koneribhatta who was doctor to one Khan Khan and Rudra himself wrote under Mirkhan. If the identity of these two Khanas is proved we may have some external datum for Lolimba's date limits. I am thankful to Dr. Raghavan for the information sent by him.