21a. Works and Authors mentioned in Candrata’s Yogaratna-Samuccaya

21 a Works and Authors Mentioned By Candrata in his Medical Compendium Yogaratna-Samuccaya (c. A. D. 1000) # The by Candrata, son of Tisata, is represented by very few MSS in our MSS Libraries. The Govt. MSS Library at the B. O. R. Institute, Poona, contains the following MSS :- (1) No 147 of A. 1882-83 dated Samvat 1815 = A.D. 1759, folios about 229, of which some are unidentified. (2) No.1072 of 1886-92-folios 26 forming only the 3 rd chapter of the work called the . Both these MSS are described by Dr. H. D. Sharma in his Des. Catalogue of Vaidyaka MSS. (B. O. R. I. Vol. XVI Part I (pp. 213-217), 1939, but he has not recorded the citations found in this work, which are important for the history of Indian works on medicine. I, therefore, note below the works and authors mentioned by Candrata according to the MSS noted above. MS No. 147 of A. 1882-83-Part I (Chapters I-V)-- folios 1 to 128. 1 " bhisagvaram tisamta pitaram " - 1; yogaratnakasamuccaye - 1; bhedat - 2, 6, 11, 12, 13 15, 19, 28, 31, 35, 37, 43, 44, 51, etc.; grrara-2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 15, 17, 19, 28, 29, 32, etc.; -4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 21, 27, 33, 34, etc. namanitakat - - (1) agnighrtam - 5; (2) mahatiktakam ghrtam 11; (3) kamtakari ghrtam 13; (4) satavarighrtam - 23; ( 5 ) triphaladyam ghrtam - 24; (6) brahmighrtam - 25; (7) pamcatiktakam ghatam - 26; ( 8 ) laghukasisadyam taila- 36; (9) prasaranitalam - 46: (10) arimedadyam tailam - 53; ( 11 ) bhrmgarajadyam tailam - 56; ( 12 ) pabimdutailam - 56; (13) gumjadyam tailam - 59; (14) lavamgadi curna - 67; (15) abhayagutika - 104 ; (26) citrakaharitakyavaleha - 25; (17) kutajapraleha - 26. -5, 6, 13, 21, 22, 27, 31, 40, 42, 54, 60. siddhasarat - 8, 46, 80, 101. I Pracyavani, Vol. I, pp. 151-155. 132

vagbhatat -- (1) kuste vajrakam ghrtam - 9; (2) timire jivam tyacam ghrtam - 17 ; (3) ku .sthe mahavajrakam tailam - 33 ; (4) gamdamalayam kakadanitailam and bhadrasritailam - 38; (5) himgvadyam curnam, trikatukadyam curna, sardulam curnam, naracam curnam, putikadyam curnam - 63; (6) trilavanadyam curnam - 65; (7) katutrikam curna - 83; (8) bhunimbadyam curna - 84; (9) bilvamuladyam curnam - 84. jatukarnat - 9, 38. krsnatreyat - 12, 18, 23, 25, 57, 64, 68, 82, 107, 108. ksarapaneh- 13, 17, 31,43, 71, 75, 77. tamtramtaratu - 16, 17, 19, 20, 27, 35, 36, 39,41, 47,53,etc. amitaprabhat - 17,20. parasarat - 18,24. caksusenat - 19, (caksusyenat ) 24,29,52,55,66,68,76,77, etc. kharanadat - 21, 26, 35, 36, 46, 67, 68, 96, 106, 108, 111, 27. asvinisamhitayah - 22, 41, 24. videhata- 23, 45. cikitsakalika - 25, 26, 57, 81. bimdusarat- 30, 34, 103. dravyavalyam - 39. vrddha videhat - 56. bhisagmusteh- 57. vaitaranat - 60. saivasiddhamtat - 61, 90. agnivesat - 69, 70, 76, 77, 78, 79, 98. aryasamuccayat- 73. ( See folio 13 of Ms No. 1072 of 1886-92, where this work is mentioned ). bhadrasenakat - 81. bharadvajokta - 106. Part II (Chapters VI-VII) - jatukarnat - 15. bimdusarat - 15, 17, 21, 27, 28, 33, 38, 39, 41, 44, 45 etc. siva siddhamtat - 17. vagbhatat - 17, 25, 29, 33, 34, 38, 42, 46, 54, 57, 72, etc. susrutat - 17, 18, 20, 22, 24, 34, 39, 44, 45. bhadravartmanah 17, 18, 36, 39, 41, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54. siddhasa ( ra ) tu - 18, 33, 34, 37, 39. 40, 45, 46, 55, 64. amitaprabhat - 18, 22, 33, 40, 49, 61, 72. haritat- 21, 48, 52, 74. bhedai - 22, 32, 41, 69. caksusyenat- 23, 37, 39, 40, 42, 69, 67. tisatat - 24, 32, 64, 65, 67, 69, 71. tamtramtarat - 29, 33. kharanadat- 29, 75, 76. saunakat- 30. cikitsakalikatah 32. vrddhavidehat - 34. bhisagmusteh- 35, 38, 41. carakat - 37, 39, 45, 69. amrtakumbhat- 38. asvina- samhitayam - 86. asvinikumara - 99. agastya - 100. Part III 7 unidentified folios Folio 3 - - Folio 1 - carakat, kharanadat, bimdusarat, bhedat, ksarapaneh, haritat | susrutat | Folio 2 Folio 2 - bhadravartmanah, susrutat, carakat, bimdusarat vagbhatat | susrutat, bhedat, amrtaprabhat, carakat, bimdusarat | Folio 4 - amrtamalatah (?), caksusyenat, carakat, susrutat, bimdusarat | Folio 5-haritat, susrutat, caksusyenat, carakat jatukarnat, bhadbhavartmanah | Folio 6 - bhedat, siddha- sarat, carakat kutracit | Folio 7 - bhedatu, vagbha (ta ) t, bimdusarat, carakat, susrutat | , Part IV - 5 unidentified folios :Folio 1-No author or work mentioned. This folio is white in appearance. Folio 2 - bhedata, haritat, carakat, siddhasarat, susrutat, ksarapaneh, bhadravartmanah, - This folio bears No. 7 in the margin Folio 3- gharakat bhadravartmanah, bimdusarat, siddhasarat | Folio 4- carakat, susrutat, haritat, bimdusarat amrtamalatah, yogayukteh, tamtrat | Folio 5-susrutat, bhedat, carakat, siddhasarat, haritat, caksusyenat |

Part I - Fragments of folios-- carakat amrtamalatah, bhedat, ksarapane, haritat bhadravartmanah, susrutat, siddhasarat, tamtrantarat | Part VI 2 Folios. Folio 1- Folio 2-FT- vesat, haritat || MS No. 1072 of 1187-92 is also a fragment of the YogaratnaSamuccaya and contains about 26 folios comprising offer curnadhikara (Chapter III ). - carakat - 1, 4. yogayukte ( : ) - 2, 25. vrddhavadavat - 2. krsnatreyat - 3, 7, 21. tamtramtarat - 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, etc. bahadat- 4. caksusyenat - 4, 5, 16. namanitakat (lavamgadyam carnam ) - 4. ( See folio 67 of MS No. 147 of A. 1882-83, where "" is mentioned ). haritatah- 5, 7, 10, 22. vagbhatat - 6, 15, 23, 24. kutracit - 7, 14, 20, 25, 26, 27. kharanadat - 7, 8. agnivesat - 9, 10, 16, 18, 19. bhedat - 11, 14, 15. kamkayanatu - 11. arya samuccayat - 13. ( Vide folio 73 of MS No. 147 of A. 1882-83 where this work is mentioned) ksarapaneh- 15, cikitsakalikata - 20. dravyavalyam - 26. Candrata the author of the Yogaratna-Samuccaya flourished about 1000 A. D. according to Hoernle.' In view of this chrono- 1. Vide p. 100 of Osteology, Oxford, 1907-"The date of Candrata may be referred to about 1000 A. D." Notes on works and authors mentioned in the YogaratnaSammuccaya (vide list on pp. 135-136):No. 11-See the following papers on this author published by me:- (1) Nature and Contents of a Lost Medical Treatise by Kharanada or Kharanadi (Poona Orientalist, Vol. IV, pp. 49-62). (2) The Antiquity of the Lost Medical Treatise by Kharanadi in the light of the KharanadaNyasa newly discovered at Gilgit [Annals (B. O. R. I.) XX, 97-102]. by The references to (c. A. D. 1000) are about 200 years earlier than those by 3 (c. A.D. 1220) and by f (c. A.D. 1260) and hence important. The date of or af is evidently earlier than the date of the Gilgit leaf of kharanadu-nyasa discovered by Pandit M. S. Kaul in 1938. According to Pandit Kaul the date of the MS lies somewhere between A. D. 600 and 900. T is also mentioned in the sarngadharasamhita ("kathitam kharanadena tailamarsavinasanam - See Khanda II, Chap. 9, verse 719, p. 121 of the 1. fal with Marathi translation by Y. G. Dikshit, Poona, 1917). No. 18 refers to "" (AS, p. 57), "fee" (AS, p. 80). (Continued on next page)

logy for Candrata the references to earlier medical authors and works found in his Yogaratna-Samuccaya are very important for the history of medical authors prior to A. D. 1000. I, therefore, give below an alphabetical list of the references to these works and authors as found by me in the fragments of the Yogaratna-Samuccaya analysed above :-- - (1) agastya agastya rasayana is mentioned in AH. cikitsitasthana, chap. III, 132 and VI, 55 mentions amalakaleha which is called agastya - nirmita | (2) agnivesa - Mentioned in AH. arunadatta mentions him (AH, pp, 4, 5,); mentioned by hemadri (AH, p. 5); mentioned by indu (AS, p. 2); mentioned by caraka (CS, p. 7)| (3) amitaprabha (Cf. Aufrecht CCI, 28- amitaprabha - yogasatabhasya 10 2357. NP IX, 64) | (4) amrtamala (tah ) | (5) asvinikumara | (6) asviniyasamhita or asvinasamhita | (7) aryasamuccaya | (8) (Continued from previous page) No. 19-I shall examine in a separate paper the possible identity of this work namanatika with navanitaka a medical treatise forming part of the Bower Manuscript. No. 21 - indu quotes astamgahrdaya (AS, p. 54 - "uktam ca hrdaye 'parasparopasam- stambhaddhatusnehaparampara ' sa . a. 3-69 "). Possibly indu was a pupil of vahata or bahada, the author of the astamgahrdaya, as will be seen from the following reference (AS, p. 95 ) :- "etaccaspadgukho yathaprakrantasabdarthaparatantrastaireveti ca tadviruddhani paramrsanti bamanadivat purvam dehasyamisamskrterapi vaidyavidheyatanabhimanyamanascarakasya boddharo vyakhyana- mabhimanyante | bhattarakena tu 'tathavidhairva dravyaih purvamabhisamskarah sarirasya ' iti asya vakyasya vyadhyutpatti-anaikantika-pradarsanaparatvamangikrtya tathavidheriti ca viruddhasamani viruddhareva purvasamskaro vyavyanutpattiheturiti satmyaharaprayataya dvitiyo'pi paksau ya udbhasitah so'smabhirupeksita eva | " In his Commentary on nidanasthana (AS - ni . sthana, 1940) p. 5, indu quotes from astamgahrdaya as follows : - " yena hrdaye pathati - " tadeva vyaktatam yati rupamityabhidhiyate " iti " evam ca "sthite sapurvarupah kaphapittamehah " iti 'yada hrdayagramthe vyakhyayate tatraiva codayisyamah . ' Pt. Kinjavadekar has already identified the two lines quoted by indu from hrdaya with nidanasthana I, 5 and X, 41 of the astamgahrdaya . The statement of indu " hrdayagranthe vyakhyayate tatraiva codayisyamah " leads us to infer that he composed a commentary on the astamgahrdaya as well. No. 25 - On p. 84 of the melasamhita (1921. Edn.) the views of early authors on medicine are mentioned. These authors are :- (1) saunaka, (2) khandakapya, (3) parasara, (4) bharadvaja, (5) kasyapa, (6) punarvasu atreya .

kamkayana- mentioned by caraka (CS, p.5) 1 ( 9 ) krsnatreya - arunadatta mentions him (AH,pp. 63, 85, 88, 111, 417); mentioned in fat, Chap. VI (p. 26 of Calcutta Edition by Asutosh Mookerjee, 1921); mentioned by (AS, p.3); mentioned by (CS, p. 413) (10) ksarapani mentioned by arunadatta (AH, pp. 4,223) ; mentioned by caraka (CS, p. 7); mentioned by nm (CS, p. 112) (11) mentioned by for (A. D. 1060) CS, pp. 402, 405, 409; mentioned by (AH, pp. 62, 69, 70, 74, 110, 113, 117, 156, 157, 159, 208, 265, 272, 273, 284, 458, 510, 525, 547, 559, 706, 933, 934); mentions kharanadi many times (AH, pp. 8, 38, 40 etc.); kharanada and kharanada- samhita are mentioned by indu (AS. pp. 3)| (12) caksusyena - mentioned by cakrapanidatta (CS, p. 447 ) | (13) caraka - mentioned by indu (AS, p. 3) ; mentioned by many times (AH, pp. 2, 12, 13 etc.); mentioned in AH (Sutra, IX, 13; Uttara. Chap. 40, St. 84, 88); mentioned by many times (AH, pp. 1, 2, 12, 50 etc.) (14) faf hemadri mentioned by hemadri (AH, pp. 119, 243)| (15) jatukarna- mentioned by arunadatta (AH, p. 4); mentioned by caraka (CS, p. 7)| (16) tamtrat, tamtra a (17) at (Son of Vagbhata, father of Candrata. See Aufrecht CCI, 232)| (18) dravyavali | (19) namarnataka - most probably identical with navanitaka represented in the Bower MS. | (20) parasara - arunadatta mentions parasara (AH, pp. 4, 85, 400,570) ; - hemadri mentions parasara (AH, 169, 214) ; mentioned in bhelasamhita (p. 84) ; indu mentions parasara (AS, p. 3); mentioned by (CS, p. 7) (21) a- mentions bahada (AS, p. 5)| (22) bimdusara| (23) bhadravarman | (24) bhadrasenaka| (25) bharadvaja - The bhelasamhita mentions bharadvaja (p. 85) ; bharadvaja is mentioned in carakasamhita (CS, p. 5)| ( 26 ) bhisagmusti | (27) bheda - mentioned in AH (fa, ch. 21, 72; 3, ch, 40, 59 and 88); mentioned by (AH, pp. 141, 143, 144, 154); is mentioned by (CS, p. 7)1 (28) yogayukti | (29) yogaratnasamuccaya- hemadri (C. A. D. 1260) quotes from a work called (AH, pp. 588, 591, 592, 593, 600, 601, 603, 612, 617, 624, 629, 630, 642) 1 (30) -mentioned by (AH, p. 935) ; hemadri mentions vagbhatacarya (AH, pp. 2, 38, 85, 102) ; mentioned by cakrapanidatta (CS, p. 414) | (31) videha - videhapati is mentioned in AH (uttarasthana, Chap 13, 27 and videhadhipati in uttara- sthana, Chap. 22, 83) ; hemadri mentions videhadhipa (AH, p. 131)| (32) vrddhavadava | (33) vrddha videha | (34) vaitarana | (35) sivasiddhamta | (36) saiva- siddhamta| (37) saunaka - mentioned in bhelasamhita (p. 34); mentioned by (AH, p. 446); mentioned in AH (A, Ch, 6,15) mentioned by caraka (CS p. 689) | ( 38 ) siddhusara - mentioned by arunadatta (AH, pp. 5, 69, 94, 137) (39) -mentioned in AH (3, 30, 31; 3, 40, 84 and 88); mentioned by (AH, pp. 5,24,45 etc); mentioned many times (AH, pp. 2, 8, 9, 13 etc.); mentioned by (AS, p. 3) 1 (40) gra-mentioned in AH (f. 2,62); mentioned by

by WORKS AND AUTHORS MENTIONED BY CANDRATA 137 (AH, pp. 4, 98, 465); mentioned by H (AH, pp. 2, 98, 102); mentioned by (CS, p. 7) I have given the foregoing citations in Candrata's Compendium of c. A. D. 1000 as they have a direct bearing on the history of medical literature in India prior to A. D. 1000, which is still shrouded in mystery. Authors and works mentioned by Candrata cannot all be traced as some of them are not known even by citation. It is hoped, however, that the above list would enable scholars to trace these authors and works in sources earlier than A. D. 1000. I have added to this list only a few notes which I could pick up during the course of my study of ancient medical texts, which is still not very deep. I trust, however, that expert students of this subject will easily exploit the material laid bare in this paper and oblige me by throwing some new light on the works and authors mentioned by Candrata. Abbreviations:AH Astangahrdaya, ed. by Paradkar Shastri, N. S. Press Bombay, = 1939. AS Astanga-samgraha with Indu's commentary, ed. by Pt R. D. Kinjavadekar, Poona, 1940 CS Caraka-Samhita with Cakrapanidatta's Commentary ed. by V. K. Datar, N. S. Press, Bombay 1922.