16. The Chronology of Sadanandagani’s Commentary

16. The Chronology of the Commentary of Sadanandagani on the Siddhanta-Candrika of Ramasrama or Ramacandrasrama - A. D. 1743 ± Aufrecht' records a few Mss of a commentary on the SiddhantaCandrika of Ramacandrasrama by Sadanandagani but records no date of composition of this commentary. Dr. Belvalkar² refers to this commentary in his account of the "Commentaries on the Sarasvata independently of the Prakriya" but records no chronoogy for the work of its author. H. P. Sastri³ describes a few Mss of Sadanandagani's Subodhini but makes no remarks about its date of composition. Prof. H. D. Velankar in his Jinaratnakosa or Catalogus Catalogorum of Jain Mss refers to Subodhini Vrtti composed by Sadananda-gani, pupil of Bhaktivijaya of the KharataraGaccha but does not mention its chronology. The Jaina Granthavali also refers to this author without recording his chronology. I propose, therefore, to record in this paper some information about this author and his commentary Subodhini on the Siddhantacandrika. The Govt. Mss Library at the B. O. R. Institute, Poona, conJaina Antiquary, Vol. IX, pp. 15-19. 1. CCI, 718-" gif gr. by Oudh XVII, 22, Comm by the same. L 2911. Oudh XVIII, 56; XVII, 22." 2. Vide p. 102 of Systems of Sanskrit Grammar, Poona 1915. "ii. Sadananda who wrote a Com. called Subodhini which has been published at Benares." 3. Vide pp. 151-153 of Des. Cata. of Vyakarana Mss (R. A. S. B.) Vol. VI (1931) Calcutta.-Ms Nos. 4456, 4457, 4457 A "Sadananda appears to be a Jain of the school of Kharatara." 4. The Jinaratnakosa records the following Mss of this Commentary- "B. O. p. 43, 44; CC I, p. 718; III, P. 145; D.B 36 (5); JG, p. 308; K.B 3 (29,65), 5 (12); Mitra IX, p. 20; Surat I. 5" 95

tains some Mss' of Sadanandagani's Subodhini. These Mss were not known to Aufrecht as they were added to the Govt. Mss Library subsequent to the publication of the Catalogus Catalogorum. Two of these Mss are important as they contain the verse recording the date of composition of the work viz. Samvat 1799 = A. D. 1743. In the preliminary six verses of the Subodhini Sadananda gives us some information about himself, his guru Bhaktivinaya and the 1. These Mss are :- * (1) No. 347 of 1895-1902 - folios 242 *(2) (2) No. 294 of 1899-1915 - folios 217 (3) No. 295 of 1899-1915-folios 10 (fragment) (4) No. 296 of 1899-1905 folios 139 - (5) No. 261 of 1899-1915 - folios 135 * The colophon of these Mss reads as follows:- "srimatpathaka dhuryabhaktivinaya namdati sadvidyaya nanasastravicarajataparamanamdah svabhavojjvalah | samvegadigunairvasikrtajana vikhyatakirtiprabhah samvarvartyayitesam vinayavan sisyah sadanamdakah || 1 || nidhinamdarvabhuvarse sadanamdah sudhi mude | siddhamtacamdrikavrttim krdamte cakravanrjum || 2 || iti krdamtam samaptam || srih || " The chronogram nidhi (9) namda (9) arva ( 7 ) bhu ( 1 ) = Samvat 1799 = A. D. 1743. 2. MS No. 294 of 1899-1915 begins :- " || 60 || puranapurusam dhyatva natva catanayakam S.I.L.H.7 siddhamtacandrikavrttim carka mitaramaham || 1 || vidyaratnapayonidhau kharataragnaye jagatpujya ke sribhattaraka sampadam gunaganaih stutya dharan punyavan pujyasrijinabhaktisuriradhipo varvartti vidyanidhih soyam sitakarayate ca yasasa suriyate tejasa || 2 || srikirttiratnasuryaho yatimdrobhuttaramtatah srimatsumatiramgakhyah pathakah pravarastatah || 3 || sripathakah srisukhalabhasamjna jagratprabhava vilasatpratijnah tacchisyavaryah krta rajidhuryah sripathakah pathakacaranemdrah || 4 || sribhagacamdraganisampravahah samvegaramgamganimagnavigrahah sribhaktipurva vinayam hi yesam tvannamadheyam guravo vadamti || 5 || tesam hi tesam vinayapradhano'navadya vidya'bhyasanaikatanah prajnah sadanamda ganih susisyah karoti vrttim sugamam subodhinim || 6 || "

98 STUDIES. IN INDIAN LITERARY HISTORY Kharataragaccha to which he belongs. Verse 2 of the six verses giving this information refers to jinabhaktisuri of the kharataramnaya who may be identical with his name-sake mentioned in the following guruparampara':- - (A. D. 1743) jinabhaktisuri 1 pupil jinalabhasuri pupil ksamakalyana (Composed jivavicaraprakaranavrtti in A. D. 1794 or Sam. 1850) Prof. H. D. Velankar states in his Jinaratnakosa that ksamakalyana who composed the above vrtti was a pupil of dc of the kharataragaccha . The commentary of Sadanandagani is rich in citations especially in the Uttarardha. I may note below some of the authors and works mentioned by this commentator. The number against each reference indicates the folio of Ms No. 347 of 1895-1902 of this commentary in the Govt. Mss Library. I - References in the Purvardha (folios 1 to 125) H:, 1, 14, 30, 37, 38, 50, 51, 53, 65, 68, 85, 99, 108 patamjalih, 2; parasarah, 33; bharate, 33; yadavah, 37; visvah, 46, madhavah, 56; • laghubhadhyakartuh, 56 ("iti laghubhasyakarturapi prayaso vyartham eva ") This is evidently a criticism of an earlier commentator. haradattah, 70; vrttikarah, 72, harih, 73, 113; udicinamacaryanam mate, 90; haimah, 102, 119. Colophon on folio 125- "srimatpathakavarya bhaktivinaya vikhyatakirttiprabha rajendraih paripujitah sukrtinah pumbhavavagdevatah | mamtaro jagatam patim gunaganairvibhrajamanah sanat (?) samvegadiyujo jayamtu satatam satsastravidyavidah || 1 || 1. Vide p. 220 (MS 1372-1) of Cata. of Bodleian MSS, Vol. II (1905) by Keith and Winternitz.

tesam sisyah sadanamdastadanugrahabhusitah | siddhamtacamdrikavrtti purvaddhe'carkaridimam || 2 || iti srisiddhamta camdrikavya (khya ) yam sadanamdakrtau subodhinyakhyayam purvarddham samaptam subham bhavatu kalyanamastu srirastu | " II - References in the Uttarardha (Folios 1 to 117) This section begins: " srisarasvatyai namah || - savayam saccidanamdam namam nabham jagatprabhum | siddhamta camdrikakhyatavrttislekriyatetaram || " maghah, 8, 27, 73, 80, 85, 93, sriharsah, 8, 32, 59, naisadhe, 21; manoramayam, 22 -- This is possibly a reference to the praudhamanorama of Bhattoji Diksita (A.D. 1560-1620) amarah, 24, 72, 75, 81; madhavamate, 38; bhattih, 56 Colophon on folio 64- " iti lakararthaprakriya || buddhimamdyavasakicid yada suddha malekhi tat | dvesabhavam samutsrjya sodhaniya manisibhih || 1 || iti siddhamta camdrikavyakhyayamakhyatam kamam samaptimagamat || srisarasvasyai namah || pratostaya jagannatham sadanandena samsuda | siddhamta camdrikavrttih kriyate krtprakasika || 1 || " haimah, 70, 75, 82, 84, 86, 98, 107 raghuh, 75, 78 haracamdrah, 81, 82 ramtidevah, 84 camdrah, 84 samsaravartah, 84 ratnamala, 81 fa:, 81, 82, 83 (A. D. 1111) medini, 82, 83, 85, 86 vararucikosah, 82 sasvatah, 82 dharanikosah 83, 93 trikamdasesah, 83, 86 visvaprakasah, 84 vikramadityakosah, 86, 99 vaijayamti, 86 ajayakosah 96, 106 hemacamdrah, 96, 99 dvirupakosah, 98, 106 sabdarnavah, 100 vayupurane, 105 ja

The foregoing analysis of the Mss of Subodhini of the Jain commentator of the Siddhanta-Candrika proves the following points about his history and chronology:- (1) Sadanandagani (=S) composed this commentary in A. D 1743. (2) S belonged to the Kharataragaccha, his guru being Bhaktivinaya. (3) S was a very close student of Sanskrit grammar as will be seen from his voluminous commentary Subodhini and his acquaintance with the works of previous writers on grammar as also the numerous lexicons quoted by him profusely in his work. (4) S shows in an ample degree the interest of the Jain writers' in Sanskrit grammar as late as the middle of the 18 th century and maintains the great tradition of scholastic studies established by such early writers on grammar Sri Hemacandracarya. I shall feel thankful to our Jain scholar-friends if they bring to light any other works of Sadanandagani known to them, either with private persons or public libraries not accessible to me. 1. Prof. H. D. Velankar in his Jinaratnakosa, which has been published by the Bhandarkar O. R. Institute, Poona, refers to three Jain Commentaries on the Siddhanta-candrika of Ramacandra- srama :- (1) Subodhini by Sadanandagani, the subject of my present paper. (2) Tippana by Candrakirti, which is different from his commentary on the Sarasvataprakriya (Candrakirti flourished about A. D. 1550). (3) Tika (anonymous).