The Saiva Philosophy in the Siva-Purana

The Saiva Philosophy in the Siva-Purana [sivapuraniyam darsanam] / By Pt. Vraja Vallabh Dwiveda; Varanaseya Sanskrit University, Varanasi / 158-169

sivapuraniyam darsanam vrajavallabha dviveda [In this article the learned writer has described and discussed the four main sects of the Saivas or Mahesvaras mainly on the basis of Vayu-Samhita of the Siva-Purana. These four Saivite sects are variously named in different works; e.g. the Vayu-Samhita of the Siva Purana (VII. ii. 31. 173) mentions the four sects as (1) Saivas of the Siddhanta-school of Saivism, (2) Saivas known as Pasupatas, (3) Saivas known as Mahavrata-dharas, and (4) Saivas known as Kapalikas. In Gunaratna's commentary of the Saddarsana-samuccaya of Haribhadra the Kalamukhas are mentioned in place of the Kapalkas of the VayuSamhita. Gunaratna also mentions various subdivisions of these sects, such as Bharata, Bhakta, Laingika, Tapasa etc. According to this commentator Naiyayikas are Saivas and Vaisesikas are Pasupatas. In the Bhamati commentary of the Sankara-bhasya of the Brahmasutras Karunika-sidhantins are mentioned in place of the Mahavrata-dharas of the Vayu-Samhita. Bhaskara in his Bhasya of the Tarka-pada of the Brahmasutra mentions Kathaka-siddhantins in place of the Mahavratadharas. Yamunacarya in his Agama-pramanya mentions Kalamukhas in place of the Mahavratadharas of the Vayu-Samhita. The Vamana Purana also mentions Kalavadana (6. 87; According to most Mss., Kaladamana according to the Venktesvara edn.) or Kalasya (6. 87). The names of the four Saiva sects may be clear from the following table :-

Jan., 1965] sivapuraniyam darsanam 159 1 2 3 4 Vayu-Sam. Pasupatas Kapalikas Mahavratadharas Siddhantins Gunaratna Saivas Kalamukhas 99 99 Bhamati 99 Kapalikas Karunikasiddhantins Bhaskara 93 99 99 Kathakasiddhantins Yamunacarya Vamana-P. 99 99 99 Kalamukhas 99 29 Kalavadana (Mss.) Kaladamana (Venk.) The Vayu-Samhita divides Saiva Agamas into two broad divissions-(1) Srauta, i. e. Vaidika, and (2) Svatantra, i. e. independent or Non-Vaidika. The Svatantra Saiva Agama is also called Siddhanta, and is of ten and eighteen kinds. These Svatantra Saiva Agamas are said to have been composed by God Siva himself. The Srauta Saiva Agama is said to be of innumerable kinds (hundred Kotis). The Pasupata is a Srauta Saiva seet. In the Uttarabhaga of the Vayu-Samhita a Pasupata Samhita was taught to Shri Krishna by Upamanyu. In the Purvabhaga of the Vayu-Samhita a dualistic Saiva Agama known by the name of Svatantra Siddhanta has been propounded, but in the Kailasa Samhita (sixth) of the Siva Purana a monistic Saiva Philosophy following the Siva-sutra, Virupaksa-pancasika etc. has been propounded. In the Saiva Agamas there are mentioned 28 Yogacaryas of Saivism, from Sveta to Lakulisa. Each of them had four disciples. The names of all these 112 Yogacaryas are given in the Satarudra-Samhita (Adh. 4, 5) and Vayu-Sambita (Uttara Khanda, Adh. 9) of the Siva-Purana. A list of the eighteen Acaryas or Avataras, from Lakulisa to

160 puranam - PURANA [Vol. VII., No. 1 Vidyaguru, is also given in Gunratna's commentary of the Sad-darsana-samuccaya. Lakulisa composed a work known as the Pasupata-sutra consisting of five Adhyayas, and the seventeenth Acarya, Rasikara, composed the Pancadhyayi-Bhasya. The works of other Acaryas are not available now.] 1 3 bahusu puranesvastadasapurananamupapurananam ca namavali tatratya ilokasamkhya ca pariganita drsyate | tatra purananamavalyam bahulyena caturthe sthane siva- puranasya sthitih | matsyapurane na drsyate sivapuranasya nama | tatra caturthasthane vayupuranam pariganitam | kanicanopapuranani tatroddhrtani ' santi | tatrapi nasti sivapuranasya sanketah | devibhagavatapurane ' vayupuranastra mahapuranesu sivapuranasya copapuranesu ganana | evam vayupuranam sivapuranam cadhikrtya vartate puranesu matadvaividhyam | sivapuranapeksaya vayupuranameva pracina- mityaitihasika vadanti | taducitameva pratiyate | yato hi pavamanaproktasya puranasya patho harsacaritakarasya banabhattasya stristasasthasatabdibhavasya grhe bhavati sma | sivapurane tu drsyate sivasutrasya, sivasutravarttikasya, virupaksapamcasikayascollekhah | nanantyeva vidvamsah sivasutranimani prathamataya vasuguptapadenadhigataniti | vasuguptacaryasamayascaitihasikaih 825-850 7 5 6 1 . morasamskaranam, pr0 145 | asmin nibandhe sivapuranam vamanapuranam ca vihayanyesam purananam morasamskaranamevokyuktam | sivapurana- vamana- puranayostu vemkatesvara samskaranam | 2 . tatraiva, pr0 147 3 . morasamskaranam, pr0 26 4 . harsacaritam, nirnayasagara samskaranam, pr0 86 5 . caitanyamatmeti mune sivasutram pravartitam ( 6 | 16|44 ) | jnanam bandha itidam tu dvitiyam sutramisituh (6|16|46 ) | 6 . ityadisivasutranam varttikam kathitam maya (6|16|46 ) | 7 . vivirupaksanirmite | sastre pamcasike ( 6 | 19144 ) |

Jan., 1965] sivapuraniyam darsanam 161 i0 nirdharitah | evam ca vayupuranasya pracinatvamarvacinatvam ca sivapuranasya sutaram siddhayati | sapta samhitah tadidam sivapuranam purvam dvadasasahitam laksaslokapramanakam casit | tadanu vyasena caturvimsatisahasraslokaih samksipya saptasu samhitasu vibhaktamidam | etadevadhunopalabhyate | imah santi samhitastatra prathama vidyesvarakhya, dvitiya rudrasamhita, trtiya satarudrakhya, kotirudra caturthi, pamcami umasamhita, sasthi kailasasamhita, saptami vayusamhita ceti | tatra dvitiya rudrasamhita srsti-sati-parvati kumara-yuddhakhyesu pamcakhandesu, saptami vayusamhita ca purvottarakhandayavibhakta | sivamahatmyamevatra pradhanyena pratipadyamathapi purananam samanvayasailimanurudvaya visnusivayoraikyam sadhitameva ' | vibhinnesu puranesu vaisnava- saiva-saktagamanam vartate mahan prabhavah | sivapuranam visesatastasya saptamim vayusamhitamadhikrtyatra kincit prastuyate | udghrtam vanmayam 10 atrastadasavidhanamastadasapurananam ramayanamahabharatayosrollekho vartata eva, ekatra sadvimsatipuranani nirdisyante | tesam namani tu tatra na drsyantenyatra va | avadheyamatra visaye vidvadbhih | purananamasu bhagavatanamna devibhagavatam " grhitamatra | ekatra jabalopanisaduttamkita vartate | sthaladvaye "atitah panthanam tava ca mahima vanmanasayoradvayavrtya yam cakitamabhidhatte .12 .13 8 . drastavyam - da0 kanticandrapandeya racitasya " abhinavagupta ' iti granthasya dvitiyam samskaranam | 9 . vidyesvarasamhitaya dvitiyo'dhyayah, vayusamhitayah purvakhandasya prathama- dhyayasca drastavyah | 10 . satvimsatipurananam madhyedhyekam srnoti yah (5|13|41 ) | 11 . bhagavatyasca durgayascaritam yatra vidyate | tattu bhagavatam proktam nanu devipuranakam (5|44|129 ) | 12 . agnirityadibhirmantrairjabalopanisadgateh (tah ) (1|24|8 ) | 13 . rudrasamhitayam 3|4111, 3|12|18 ityatra ca | 21

162 puranam - PURANA [Vol. VII., No. 1 14 16 srutirapi " ( slo0 2 ) iti mahimnastotrasloko vyakhyato drsyate | ekatra ( 7 u0|8|49 ) limgapuranam, dvitresu sthalesu ca kamikadayom dasastadasa saivagamah sucitah | sivaparvatyoh samkhyavedantasammato vadah, jainadharmasya marubhumau pracarah, dattena sanyasapaddhatirbadhiteti " coktamatra | atroddhrtanam sivasutra - vartika-virupaksapamcasikana mullekhah purvam krta eva | 17 caturvidhah saivah saivah siddhantamargasthah saivah pasupatastatha | saiva mahavratadharah saivah kapalikah pare || ( 730 | 31|173 ) ityevam caturvidhah saiva atra pradarsitah | ta ime bheda haribhadraracita- saddarsanasamuccayasya tikayam gunaratnaracitayam tarkarahasyadipikayamapyevam drsyante - saivah pasupatascaiva mahavratadharastatha | turyah kalamukha mukhya bhedaste tu tapasvinam || ( pr0 51 ) iti | | api cagre tatraivoktam- " tesamantarbheda bharatabhaktalaimgikadayo bhavanti | bharatadinam vratagrahane brahmanadivarnaniyamo nasti | yasya tu sive bhaktih sa vrati bharatadirbhavet | param sastresu naiyayikah sada sivabhaktatvacchaiva ityucyante | vaisesikastu pasupata iti | tena naiyayikasasanam saivamakhyayate | vaisesikadarsanam ca pasupatamiti | idam maya yathasrutam yatha drstam catrabhidadhe ' ( pa0 51 ) iti | atra yad vaktavyam tadanupadameva vaksyate | samkaracaryeneme mahesvara 14 . puspadantaracita esa stavah pracinatamah | atratyah sloko bhattanarayanakanthena mrgendragamavrttau (kasmira samskaranam pr0 30 ) uddhrtah | 15 . drastavyam - 750h 32|12 16 . drastavyam - 2|3|13|1-24 17 . drastavyam - 215|4-5 a0, 2|5|12|31 18 . drastavyam - 3|16|26

Jan., 1965] - sivapuraniyam darsanam 163 ityukta brahmasutratarkapadabhasye | bhamatikarena ca "mahesvarascatvarah saivah, pasupatah, karunikasiddhantinah kapalikasceti " ityuktam | bhaskarena tu mahesvarascatvarah pasupatah, saivah, kapalikah, kathakasiddhamtinasceti " ityuktam svakiyabrahmasutratarkapadabhasya eva| "adyam saivaparikhyatamanyat pasupatam mune | trtiyam kaladamanam 'ka caturtham ca kapalikam | " ( 6|87 ) iti ca catvaro bhedah pradarsita vamanapurane | yamunacaryena tvagamapramanye tesam namani laksanani caivam sthapitani - "yatha mahesvare tantre viruddham bahu jalpitam | caturvidha hi tatsiddhacaryamarganusarinah yatha kapalikah kalamukhah pasupatastatha | saivastatra ca kapalam matamevam pracaksate || mudrikasatkavijnanat punastasyaiva dharanat | apavargaphalapraptirna tatha- - brahmavagamaditi || tathahuh- mudrikasatkatattvajnah paramudravisaradah | bhagasanasthamatmanam dhyatva nirvanamrcchati | karnika rucakam caiva kundalam ca sikhamanim | bhasma yajnopavitam ca mudrasatkam pracaksate || kapalamatha khatvamgamupamudre prakirti te | abhirmudritadehastu na bhuya iha jayate || evam kalamukha api samastasastrapratisiddhakapalapatrabhojana-savabhasmasnana- tatprasana-lagudadharana-surakumbhasthapana - tatsthadevatarcanadereva drstadrstabhistasiddhimabhida- dhanah srutibahiskrta eva | tatraisa pasupataprakriya- jivah pasava ucyante tesamadhipatih sivah | sa tesamupakaraya pancadhyayimaciklapat || 18 ka . kaladamanamiti pathastu vemkatesvarasamskarane varttate | bahutamesu hastalekhesu punah kalavadanamiti patho vidyate | asya puranasya

164 puranam - PURANA tatra pamca padarthastu vyakhyatah karanadayah | karanam karyam vidhiryogo duhkhanta iti upadanam nimittam ca vyakhyatam karanam dvidha | nimittakaranam rudrastatkala karanantaram || mahantam mahadadi karyamuditam tadvadvidhirgiyate | gudhacaramukhasmasanabhasitasnanavasanah parah | yogo dharanamucyate hrdi dhiya bhokarapurvam tatha | [Vol. VII., No. 1 dukhanto hi mato'pavarga iti te pamcapi samkirtitah || atyantiki duhkhanivrttirduhkhantasabdenokta | tameva nihsesavaisesikatma- gunocchedalaksanam muktim manyante | iyameva cesvarakalpana "savanamanyesam ca " ( pr0 46-48 ) iti | itthameva kapalah kalamukhasca ramanujacaryena sribhasye tarkapade nirupitah | atroddhrtesu caturvidhamahesvarapratipadakesu vacanesu saivanam pasupatanam collekhah sarvatra vidyate | mahavratadharah sivapurane gunaratnatikayam collikhita anyatra na drsyante | kapalika gunaratnatikayam na santi, anyatra tu vidyante | kalamukha gunaratnatikayamatha cagamapramanye drsyante, anyatra na | karunika- siddhantino bhamatyameva, kathakasiddhantino bhaskarabhasya eva, kaladamanasca vamanapurane ca drsyante | tatra saivanam pasupatatam ca darsanikah siddhantah pratipadayisyante purastat | kapalikanam kalamukhanam ca svarupaparicayayaiva- tragamapramanyakrtavacanani vistarena samgrhitani, anyatra tadanupalabdheh | kapa- likanam carya prasamgato bhavabhutiviracite malatimadhavanatake, rajasekharakrte karpura- mamjarisattake, banabhattaviracite harsacarite copalabhyate | mahatratadharanam karunika- siddhantinam kathakasiddhantinam kaladamananam ca svarupaparicayakah kopi svatantro granthah sampatam nopalabhyate | agamapramanyavadanyatrapi kenacitprasamgena pratipaditani vacanani na drstanyasmabhih | ata etesamatraivanrbhavo bhinna vaite siddhanta iti nirnayah sampratam kartum na sakyate | gunaratnena naiyayikah saivah, vaisesikah pasupata ityuktam |

Jan., 1965] sivapuraniyam darsanam 165 yogacarya paramparasu vartete nyayadarsanapravartakasya gautamasya, vaisesikasastra pravartayituh kanadasya ca namani | nyayavartikakara atmanam mahapasupatam khyapayati naiyayikasya bhasarvajnasya pasupatasastra vyakhyatrtvam prasiddhameva | evam ca naiyayikah saivah, vaisesikah pasupata iti bhedapradarsane na kimapi pramanamupalabhyate | idam maya yathasrutam yathadrstam catrabhidadhe ityuktavata gunaratnena pramanayanumodi eva | vastutastu pasupatamatavadisvarasya nimittakaranatvamatratvam moksasya duhkhabhava- matratvam cabhyupagacchantau naiyayikavaisesikau nativa bhinnau | ata eva tayoh samanatantratvam prasiddham | 19 dvividhah sivagamah 20 - sivapurana evanyatra " dvividhah sivagamah pradarsitah - srautah, svatantrasceti tatra svatantrah saivagamo dasadha astadasadha ca vibhaktah kamikadisamakhyabhih pariciyate | svatantro'yam saivagamah siddhantapadavacyah | "siddhantasabdasca pamkajadisabdavad yogarudhya sivapranitesu kamikadisu dasastadasasu tantresu prasiddhah " iti hyuktamaghorasivacaryena ratnatrayollekhinyam " (pr0 5 ) | srautastu satakotipravistarah | yatra pasupatam vratam jnanam cocyate | sa ca pancavidhah | kriyatapojapadhyanadanatmakani pamca parvani santi tatra | tadidam sastram catvarah rsayah samksipyopadisanti ruru dadhici - agastya - upamanyunamanah | atra hi carya - dyatma caturvidho dharma ucyate | tadyatha Z jnanam kriya ca carya ca yogasceti | catuspadah samakhyato mama dharmah sanatanah | pasupasapatijnanam jnanamityabhidhiyate | sadadhvasuddhirvidhina gurvadhina kriyocyate | 16 . drastavyah- vayusamhitayah purvakhandasya dvatrimsattamodhyayah | 20 . sivapurane etesam namani kutrapi na drsyante | anyatrettham ta varnitah kamika yogaja, cintya, maukuta-amsumat-dipta-karana-ajita suksma sahasradasa, vijayanisvasa-madgita- paramesvara - mukhabimba- siddha-santana - narasimha candramsu, virabhadra agneya-svayambhuva-visara - raurava - vimala - kirana - lalita saurabheya astadasa | amgopamgabhedena 207 ime agama bhavanti | etesam namani pandiceritah prakasite rauravagame drastavyani |

166 puranam - PURANA varnasramaprayuktasya mayaiva vihitasya ca | mamarcanadidharmasya caryavihitasya ca | yaduktenaiva margena mayyavasthitacetasah | [Vol. VII., No. 1 vrtyantara nirodho hi yoga ityabhidhiyate " iti | so'yam caturvidho dharmo dhaumyagrajenopamanyuta srikrsnayopadistotra vayusamhitaya uttarabhage samgrhito drsyate | atra pratipaditascaturvidho dharmo yadyapi pasupatasastrapratipadyatvena pradarsitah, tathapi sa srautajnanapeksaya svatantram siddhanta- khyam ganakarikam sarvadarsanasamgraha ghrta lakulisapasupatadarsanam va | siddhantakhyesu saivagamesu kecanopalabhyante | te ca sarvajnanayogakriyacaryakhyesu catursu padesu vibhaktah santi | pasupatasastrasya tu na kopyagama idrsah sampratam drsyate | atra sthane sthane lakulisasya svetadilakulisantaguruparamparayascollekhena vayusamhitaya uttarabhage paravarti sampratamekaivopalabhyata iti vaktum sakyate | atra pratipaditanam siddhantanam saivagamapratipadita siddhantairvaisamyamapi drsyate | tacca yathavasaramagre pradarsayisyate | vayusamhitayah purvabhage svatantrah siddhantakhyo dvaitavadi sivagamah pratipaditah sasthyam kailasasamhitayam drsyate dvaitadarsanam sivasutra-virupaksapanca- sikanusari | sampurne sivapurane sthane sthane pasupatasutrapratipaditam pancabrahmopasanam bhasmodadhulana - rudraksadharanadikam copalabhyate | tadatra sarvam samgrhya pradarsayisyate | pasupatagamapramanyam pasupatagamah srauta iti purvam pratipaditam | yadyapi samkaracaryena pasupata matam pamcaratramatam ca tarkapade khanditam, athapi -- samkhyam yogah pamcaratram vedah pasupatam tatha | atmapramananyetani na datavyani hetubhih || ityadivacananugunyena smrtikarairesam pramanyam sthapitam | " trayi samkhyam yogah pasupatimatam vaisnavamiti " ( 7 sloka ) iti hi mahimnastutikarena 21 . drastavyam - sivapuranam 70|10|30-33

Jan, 1965] sivapuraniyam darsanam 167 puspadantenoktam | atra visesajijnasubhih puranapatrikayah 2 bhage 1-2 ankayoh da0 vasudevasarana agravalamahodayanam "ghatakuliyah " iti sirsako nibandhah, yamunacaryasyagamapramanyam, bhattonodiksitasya tantradhikarinirnayah, yajnavalkya- smrterapararkakrta tika cavalokaniyah | pasupatasutra- kaundinyabhasya puranadi- pratipaditam pasupatam sastram sarvatha vaidikam smartam carthamanusarati | atra pasu- pateryajurvedanusarini pujapaddhatih, yamaniyamanam dananusaranam, "sammanad brahmano nityamudvijeta visadiva | amrtasyeva cakamksedavamanasya sarvada " | ( 2|162 ) iti manuvacanapalanartham krathana -spandana- mandanadikriyanamupadeso vartate | varnasramavyavasthapyatra drsyate | paravartini kale pasupataprakriya kacana vikrtipavasa | tatprayuktanyeva pasupatagamanindavacanani kvacana puranadisupalabhyante | sarvathapi tu na vyabhicarati pramanyam pasupatagamah | samkaracaryenapyatra kesucida- sesvevapramanyabuddhirahita, na tu sarvatha pramanyamudghositam | atah samkhya- yoganyayavaisesikavat pasupatagamasya srautasmarta paramparayamevantarbhavastadvadeva ca pramanyamavyahatam | yogacaryah 23 visuddhamunikrte atmasamarpane'stavimsatisamkhyaka yogacarya nirupitah ? ta ime - svetah sutaro damanah sugotrah kamka eva ca | lokaksijaigisavyau ca tathaiva dadhivahanah || rsabho munirugrasca citrarthalisca gautamah | vedasira gokarnasca guhavastisikhandinau || jatamali cattahaso daruko lamgali tatha | svetah sutyatha dandi ca sahisnuh somasarmakah || lakulisascavatara astavimsatisamkhyakah | 22 . asuptasyeva suptalimgadarsanam krathanam | vayvabhibhutasyeva sariravayavanam kampanam spandanam | vyakhya, pr0 16 ) upahatapadendriyasyeva gamanam mandanam (ganakarika- 23 . drastavyam - ganakarikayam 25 prsthe |

168 puranam -- PURANA [Vol. VII., No. 1 astavimsatisamkhyakanamesam yogacaryanam pratyekam catvarah sisyah sruyante | samhatya 112 samkhyakah sisya bhavanti | sarvesamesam namani sivapurane sthaladvaye drsyante | eka namavali trtiyayah satarudrasamhitayascaturthe pamcame cadhyaye . apara saptamya vayusamhitaya uttarakhandasya navame'dhyaye casti | tatra prathama vayupuranasya - 23 tamadhyayanusarini, apara ca limgapuraniya saptamadhyayasthanama- valimanusarati | yogacaryanamavali kurmapuranasya 5 3 tame'dhyaye, skandapuranasya mahesvarakhandantargatakaumarikakhandasya 40 tame'dhyayepi ca drsyate | atra prathame'ntime ca namani nasti visamvadah, anyatra tvevam drsyate | atravaghatavyam manisibhih | "karavanamahatmye tvevam drsyate- 24 . adikaltavasane tu brahmakalpe puratane | | brahmano manasah putro atrinama ca visrutah || atristu janayamasa atreyam nama namatah | atreyadagnisarmapi agnisarmasutah sucih || somasarmeti vikhyato dharmasilo jitendriyah | somasarmasuto jato visvarupo dvijottamah || visvarupadaham jato balarupadharo harah | aham lakulisa ityarthah | yatha ca lakulisavamsavali drsyate | svetadi- lakulisantanamastavimsatiyogacaryanam namavali uparyuddhrta | lakulisadi- vidyagurvantanamastadasavataranamapara namavali gunaratnakrtasaddarsanasamuccayati- kayamatha ca rajasekharasurikrte saddarsanasamuccaye " drsyate | sa cettham - - lakulisah, kausikah, gargyah, maitryah, kaurusah, isanah, paragargyah, kapilandah, manusyakah, (apara ) kusikah, atrih, pimgalah (pimgalaksah ), puspakah, brhadaryah (brhadacaryah ), agastih, santanah, rasikarah, vidyagurusceti | 24 . drastavyam - ganakarikayam 51 prsthe | 25 . drastavyam - ganakarikayam 26, 35 prsthayoh |

Jan., 1965] sivapuraniyam darsanam 169 atra prathamo lakulisah pamcadhyayatmakasya pasupatasutrasya racayita, saptadaso rasikarasca pancadhyayibhasasya | anyesamacaryanam kapi krtih sampratam nopalabhyate | anubhavastotrakarta vidyadhipatirabhinavaguptena tantrasare uddhrtah | asya dvitrah sloka api kasmirasaiva darsana granthesuddhrtah santi | vidyagururvidyadhipatito kasmirasaivadarsanapranyesudghrtah bhinno'bhinno vetyadhuna vaktum na sakyate | 26 . drastavyam -- pr0 31 | 22 -