Longevity of the Author of the Puranas

Longevity of the Author of the Puranas, Maharsi Veda Vyasa [puranakarturmaharsi vedavyasasya cirajivitvam rajesvarasastri dravida] / By Pt. Rajeshwar Shastri Dravid; Principal, Sanga-Veda-Vidyalaya, Varanasi / 268-284

[Maharsi Vyasa, the celebrated author of the Puranas and the Mahabharata, is traditionally believed to be one of those seven personages who are considered to be cirajivins (long-lived or deathless), the other six bein Asvatthaman, Bali, Hanumat, Vibhisana, Krpa and Parasurama; Markandeya, though not included in the list of the seven Cirajivins, is also said to be deathless and is believed to be surviving even during the Pralaya or the dissolution of the universe. The learned writer in this article has tried to establish the longevity of Vyasa. According to him longevity or even immortality is quite possible and can be acquired by a Yogin by such means as tapas (austerities), samadhi, conquest of his Udana Vayu and use of certain herbs. In support of this statement he quotes from the Kasyapa-Samhita and the Yoga-Sutras. Vyasa was a great Yogin; and by means of his tapas and samadhi he had undoubtedly acquired great siddhis or super-natural powers which must have led to his longevity. To support his thesis the writer gives another argument also. He quotes certain verses from a commentary (called Upadhyaya-nirapeksa) of the Kamandakiya Nitisara, which record a tradition of the composition of works on the Rajaniti or Indian politics. According to this tradition Brahma first composed a work consisting of one hundred thousand Adhyayas or chapters. This work was then studied and summarised by Narada, Indra, Brhaspati, Sukra, Bharad vaja, Visalaksa, Bhisma, and Parasara's son

July, 1964] puranakartturmaharsi vedavyasasya cirajivitvam Vyasa. These were the great authors of the works on Indian Politics. This tradition is also corroborated by the Mahabharata. Now, to study such a huge work as Brahma's Rajaniti-Sastra of one hundred thousand chapters and then condense it into a work of ten thousand chapters requires very long life. Hence the Sages mentioned above were certainly endowed with very long life. As Vyasa is also included in the list of these sages, he must also have been endowed with such longevity as could entitle him to be included in the list of the seven cirajivins. Moreover, Vyasa was the arranger of the four Vedas, and the reputed author of the Puranas and the Mahabharata. Such a stupendous task can only be accomplished by one possessing extra-ordinarily long life. All this has made Maharsi Vyasa occupy a most prominent place among the cirajivins.] 269 itihasanirdharanaya purananam tadvisayanam ca bharatiyarajanitidrstya samsodhanamavasyakamiti purvameva ('puranam ' bhaga 3, amka 1 ) maya lekhadvara pratipaditam | tatha svokte'rthe pramanataya bharatiyarajanityudbhutesu pracinavacanesu kalpitatvadyasankanamatyayuktameva | itarasastraparicitaya'dbhutaya " trayanamekavakye sampratyayah " iti niti- ritya pramanasabdaparyalocayitrnyayalayabhavyadhikaryuttamadhikari- samastaprajavinaya- prayojakatejodedipyamana- vinitatama-viravara bharatiyarajavamsaparamparagata-nihsankatadartha- nusthanavidagdhavyavahara - putropadesadyanubhavabhivyakta - sthayivisvasadidurghatarajakarya - sampadanasamarthyatmaka-sumatibhavabhivyanjakavibhavamadhyapravista - sastre kalpitadi- vacanoddharanasankanasya vina badhakadrdhatarapramanopanyasenayuktatvat | spastamidam 1961 janevarimasasya purananke prakasite "puranasamsodhane bharatiyarajaniteh samyagalocanamavasyakamiti lekhe | etadartham bharatiya rajavamsaparamparayah samalocane kriyamane tasyam paramparayam tadadhyeyasastre ca samiksyamanah purvokta dasavidha visesah, atra visaye pramanataya udaharaniyatamarhanti | te ca yatha-- 2

270 puranam - PURANA [Vol. VI., No. 2 1 - - sabdapramanasya pramanyapariksanikasah " trayanamekavakye sampratyayah " iti sutritah eko visesah | ayam sastrantare na tatha parisilito yatha bharatiya- rajavamsadhyeyarajanitisastre visesatah samadrtah | ayam visesah - satyanisthanam samupasthapyamanah sabdapramanasya satyanvesanaksamatamupapadya tadadhyeyarajanitisastrasyadbhutatvam darsayati | ( asya vistarastvasmabhih purvoktalekhe pradarsito darsaniyah ) visesajnanam puratah 2 -- bharatiyaranavamsaparamparayam rajaputrah nyayalayasya bhavino'dhikarina iti sthitih | nyayasanasthitena ca satyamevaikamupasyam | tava satyapriyaprana- nanasya sarvatmana sahayogo rajyasvamina vastuto labhyate, yena rajyam prabalam durucchedyam ca sambhavati | evam nispaksapatam satyasya sthapanam nyayasanasthena kriyamanam rajye sthairyavahamiti amglarajyakale tulacihnam puraskrtya vyaktikriyate smetyadyapi drastum sakyate | atastadanusarena bharatiyarajavamsaparamparayam rajaputrah satyanistha yatha syustatha viniyante smeti viseso dvitiyah | 3 - - uttamaprakrtibhih paramparaghatakairbhavyamiti bharatiyarajavamsaparamparayah sthitistrtiyo visesah | uttamaprakrtinam pramanikapravrttisveva mano rajyatiti prakrtih | evam satyanisthaprakrtitvadevottamaprakrtayo rajano rajaputrasca satyavrata- nirvahaya satyamaryadaparipalanaya ca sarva daivakarpanyena sarvasvam pranapanena harsena samarpayanto mahaviracaritam pradurakarsuh | viranganasca tathaiva harsena svatmanam juhvatyo lokottaracaritam ceruh | kathamasatyanistha anuttamaprakrtayah evamakrpanah sambhavanti ? evam satyanisthaya abhavadevanye madhyamaprakrtayo madhyasthitim gatah | ato madhyamanam ranjanam kalpitena vina na bhavatiti sthitih | uttamaprakrtinam tu tadviparitenaiveti natyasastraparyalocane siddhyati | evam rajavamsaparamparayam bharatiyayamuttamaprakrtih satyanistha trtiyo visesah | 1 - " evam sakalapurusarthavisaya vyutpattirnasvena pradhanasya rajaprayasya kriyate | prakaranena ca madhyamaprayasyapurvam kutuhalavatah | " ( abhinavabharati a0 18 0 56 ) "natakam prakararanadapi pradhanam | prasiddhayupajivinam hi

July, 1964] puranakartturmaharsi vedavyasasya cirajivitvam _ 271 sviyamatibhavahetorakaryam karana lajjayasca 2 4 - bharatiyarajavamsaparampara ucitacaranena dedipyamanatejasa vibhrajate sma | evam tenasvitayaivabhibhutasu prajasu svata eva lajjaya vinaya adhiyate sma | evamadbhutena vinayadhanaprakarenaiva arambhe rajyasamsthaya ghatana sakyanirmana samabhavaditi svikaryam | kathamanyatha evam vinayadhanasamarthasyabhave kasyacidanugatah santo rajyasamstham nirmatumadau prabhavanti ke'pi jana ityagatya itihasamanugacchata tarkenapi svikarttavyametat | evamvidham vinayadhayakam tenah kuto'satyanisthanam bhavitah evamvidhasya tejaso mahakavikalidasakrtam varnanam ' avasyam mananiyam | tadidam satyanisthanam mativinayasampannanam tejascaturtho visesah | 5 - evamvidharajavamsiya atyantam vinita dharmikasca bhavanti smetyatra kalpanavastusambhavana anubhavamulatvattasya utpreksa api hi pramanagatesveva vastusu svatantryena yojanamatrena vyapriyante 'saddanto hasti khe dhavati 'ti | tenetihasadipramanasiddhavastupradarsakam natakam | " ( a 18 slo0 50 ) | " tatha hi kascidvineyah prasiddhimanurudhyamano drsta iti saprasiddhetivrtte natake vineyah | kascittu kimetadapurvamityaprasiddhe vastuni, rupakantarameva tu tadabhasam tatsarvam, vineyo'bhinava vastuvrttakautukaparatantra iti samutpadya vastuna prakaranena viniyate | ( a0 18 slo0 6 ) | natyadarpane - "yasya purvaprasiddha evarthe kutuhalamasau munipranitasastra- prasiddhacaritena natakena rajadiruttama krtivyutpadyate yasya punarutpadyethem kutuhalamasau vanigadirmadhyama prakrtih prakaraneneti | " ( viveka 2, slo0 4 ) 2 - sahaja visayayogadvidyagrahanam, ato grhitatmavatvat svayamanusthityupadesasca tatasca raja dipyamanatejasa abhibhavan prajavinayayoganimittam bhavati | atah prajavinaye ratah | " iti | (jayamangala, adhikarana 1, a0 5 ) | 3 - sa nyastacihnamapi rajalaksmim tejovisesanumitam dadhanah | srasidanaviskrtadanarajirantarmamdavastha iva dvipendrah || latapratanodgrathitaih sa kesairadhijyadhanva vicacara davam | raksyapadesammunihomadhenovaigyan vinesyanniva dustasattvan || sasama vrstvapi vina davagnirasidvisesa phalapuspavrddhih | unam na satvesvadhiko babadhe tasmin vane goptari gahamane || ( raghuvamsa, sarga 2, slo0 7, 8, 14 ).

272 puranam - PURANA [Vol. VI., No. 2 ramayudhisthiradayah udaharyah | darsavisesah pancamo visesah | etadrsanam satyanisthapunyaslokanam caritesva- 6 - asatyanisthanam manasapi duradhigamo yo matibhavah, yasmin sati sastra nihsankatadarthanusthanam vidagdhavyavaharah sisyaputrahitopadesa ityadirbhavatiti yairetairevam- vidhairvibhavanubhavadisamagrisamavayairvyajyate sa matibhava iti sahityasastresucyate | sa sarva samagri etesu rajavamsesu drsyata iti sastho visesah | 7 - - paramparaya bharatiyarajavamsah evamvidhamatibhava pradhanaviraraso murti- maniti drsyate natvasatyanistha uddhatatara iti saptamo visesah | 8-- vede "matisca me sumatisca me " iti sumatibhavo varnitah | sa ca durghatara nakaryadiniscaya iti bhasyam ( tai0 sam0, ka0 4, pra0 7, anu0 2 ) | sthayivisvasarupamitrabhavasya paralokapramitisapeksasya bharatiyarajanitireva sampadane samartha pramanatrayanirnitarthakatvat | vartamane'pi bharatiyadharmikadampatyamuda- haranataya paryalocyate ceduktarthastarkarudho bhavitumarhatiti | etadrsa anye bahavo'rthi anyaidurghata adbhutasca santo bharatiyarajanitidvara sadhitah | ata eva matibhavah sumatibhavatam gatah | evamvidhasumatibhavo rajavamsaparamparayam bharatiyayam purnataya nivasati sma | ata eva megasthanisamahodayasyodgaro "bharate tadanim prajajane grhinam dvaresu mudranasyavasyakata nasiditi | so'yam vaisistyam bharatasya bharatiya rajavamsasya tadadhyeyasastrasya ca dyotayati ityastamo visesah | 4 - " nanasastrarthanispanna matih syacchratadharini | samsayacchedanaih varnyate sisyahitadhanarthadarsanaih || cittasantosadvidagdhavyavaharatah || " iti ( bhavaprakasa, adhikarana 1 ) 5 - atra ramasyodana prakrte nisargamta eva tattvabhinivesini matirnakrtyavisaye pravartate, na ca pravrttoparamati, sa ca siteyam mama svikaranayogyetyevamrupena pravrtta ravanaprarthana-laksmanaprotsahanabhyamuddipyamana samupajayamanacinta- vitakamnridava hityasmrtyadibhih kalocitottaranumiyamanaisca vivekacaturyau- dayadhairyadibhih samsrjyamanodattarasarupena nispadyate | iti | ( sarasvatikanthabharanam, pari0 5 )

July, 1964] puranakarttarmaharsivedavyasasya cirajivitvam 273 9 - - bharatiyaranavamsa paramparayam rajaputrah dharmanimittam svecchayaiva pranadi- sarvasvam samarpayitum sada sannaddha asan yatha, tathaiva tesam gurujanaparamparayam ca yogino'dyatve'pi sarvamanyata tacchastrapranetarah samsaravisaye nitaram nisprhasca- sanniti "sikandara " (alaksandara ) mlecchapateh puratah samagatanamanekodaharananam pramananyudahrtya vaktum sakyata iti navami visesah 10 - - evamvidhastutyamanavataya nirmatri sumatih sarvatha sastranusaranena sastriya vijnanagrahanenaiva ca bhaviteti tani stutya manavata nirmatrni sastrani prataranasarani murkhakrtani pramadabhuyisthaniti karanapatavapurnaniti va naiva preksavata vaktam sakyanta iti dasamo visesah | evamvidha dasaprakara visesah purvatane lekhe "adau sastrandhakare " ityadi- slokanidarsanenasmabhirbijarupena pradarsita eva | ata eva " puranamitivrttamakhyayi kodaharanam dharmasastra marthasastram cetitihasah " iti vadata kautilyacaryena rajaputradhyeyamarthasastramidamapyasmatpurvalekhoktaniti- laksanalaksitatvaditihasapramanapurakatayopanyastam | tadritya pancanam puranadi- namaikakanthyena nirnite vastunitihasapramanakarttavyasya tathyanvesanasya nitinirnayasya paripurttirbhavati, natra tadbhinnasya kasyapyavasyakateti "ititihasah " iti sutramsasthena itipadena sucyate | vicare kriyamane sopapattikam cedamupalabhyate | tatha hi--asmin sandarbhe mudritaya jayamangalatikaya yogghamukrtatikayah pracinatippaninam calocane vaksyamana artha samavadharyante | bhojanottaraharbhage vinodartham dharma- nijnasartham cetihasasravanadvara vinayam grhniyaditi vidhanam | 6 vinayam 6 - "pascimamaharbhagam sukhasino vinodadharmam jijnasarthamitihasasravane gacchet | kah punaritihasa ityaha- puranamiti | srstva dijnanaphalam | tatha coktam - "srstipravrttisamharadharmam moksaprayojanam | brahmabhirvividhaih proktam puranam pancalaksanam iti vrttam nayapanayabhyam sampattivipattipradarsanaphalam || iti ramayanamahabharatadi | akhyayikodaharanam varja़nasevanaphalam tantrakhya- yikadi | dharmasastram manavadi | arthasambandhi yatkinciddhatu- vadadikam tadarthasastramiha grhyate | "

274 puranam - PURANA [Vol. VI., No. 2 atropapattih bhojanottarasamaye vinodo nama manahpriyanam sabdadinamh- sevanam | tacca bhuktasya paripakarthamanu kulam | tadanim sramavahani karyantarani naiva karttum sakyanta iti vaidyakasastradavagamyate | asyamavasthayamitihasasravane krte vinodena sakam dharmanirnayo nitikama- sastranusarena vartanam dharma iti carvakaparibhasaya canumoditah sarvamanyaniti- nirnayah sakyah sampadayitum | dharmanirnaya eva ca vinayapadartha iti natya- sastranusarena vijnayate | evam sthite rajanitivacanapramanye vinodavyapete nitimatranilaye nyayalaya eva samupasthapayitum yogyanam pramanasamagrinam paripurne sanghatane puratah prastute sati kasyascitpascatyanugaminyah pratyaksa paroksanumanalaksanapramanatrayanirnitesta- sadhanatakakarmanusthanatmaka nitisvarupadharmajijnasavikalaya vinodaikaphalayah samsthaya bahumataikaphalaya arucikaratvamatrena bharatiyanamacaryanam gauravavahamadbhutam tathyam na nihnavamarhati | ata eva carvaka api "lokasiddho raja paramesvaro nitikamasastranusarena vartanam dharmah " iti vadanto nitinirnayakam pramanam sarvapramana- dhikam manayanti sma | dharmasya paryayena niteh sakasatparibhramsah kasyapi lajjajanaka iti svabhavikam | ato vinayo lajja-bhave samavesamarhatiti sahityasastre rasa- gangadharakaradimatam prakrte 'nurupameva | atra ca "puranamitivrttamakhyayikadaharanam dharmasastramarthasastram cetitihasah " " iti evam ha-sphutam, asa- babhuva bhuvanakosadikam | iti rajno vrttam nayapanayabhyam sampattivipattipradarsanartham bharataramayanadi | "asambhutakathavakyamuktapratyuttaranvitam nidarsanarthamanyesamudaharana- misyate || " yatha tantrapancakadi | iti | ( jayamangala tika prathamadhikaranam ) - " evam vinayo'tra dharmasastram " | iti | (abhinavabharati a0 24, slo0 87 ) 8 - lajjaya vinayastha, tarkatsamsayasya capaladvastasya ca vastutah suksmabhede'pi nantariyakataya tadanatiriktasyaivadhyavasayat | " iti | ( rasagangadhare pr0 116 )

July, 1964] puranakartturmaharsivedavyasasya cirajivitvam 275 iti pancadha tatpramanani vibhaktani | tatrapyupapattiryadi samalocyate tadapi uparyukta siddhantasyanukulyam tatra paridrsyate yatha- 1 - jagatah srstisthitipralayah puranadanyato naivavapyante | atah puranasyetihase grahanamavasyakam "janmadyasya yatah " (vedanta su0 111|2 ) iti vedantasutroktam nyayenesvarasiddhidvara dharmahetutvat | 2 - puratananam rajnam caritramitivrttamitihase parigrhitam | caritre- 'nusthanamsastajjanyamulyavatphalamsascetyamsadvayam | tatra kasyapi sarvabhaumasya svarastro- payuktanitinirnayastarkena cikirsitascettadartham svarastre tadanim rajantarasya drstanta- bhutasyabhavat, pararastre tadanim satyapi taddrstantena tadanintanasvarastropayogi- nitinirnayayogat pracinarajanam nitireva drstantatvenopadatavya apatati | tatrapi pracinarajanam nitirapi pratyaksanusthanarupa naiva tadanim drastum sakya atitatvat, kintu tadiyanityanusthanena nispannanam dirghakalasthayinam mulyavat- phalanamavalokanena tadiyapurvanusthananam mahattvasyaitihasikata nirdharaniya bhavati | tanjapurasthabrhadisvara mandirasya sikhare 200 "phita " unnate samantatah 16 hasto- nmitamekam prastarakhandam kalasarupena samaropitamatrodaharaniyatamarhati | prayasah 1000 varsebhyah purvanirmite'smin devalaye evam mahan prastarah kena sadhanenaropitah ? iti kalpanayam kriyamanayam- sudurattiryancam kramena rohinam mahamargam nirmaya tato'yam prastarastena margena kramaso lodhayitva unnitah sthapita- sveti niskrsyate | evamvidhakaryakaranabhavaniyamanusarikaryesu pratyaksesu dirghakalasthayisu tatkarttanam rajnam karttatvatisayo nitiphalamsapratyaksavasatsadhayitum sakyate | 3 - - pancatantradi akhyayikadaharanamitihasa iti pariganyate | tatropa- pattiryatha - asakyamiti bhasamanam karttrtvamapi manusyasya sakyakoti varttata iti a 6 - asvatthama balirvyaso hanumamsca vibhisanah | krpah parasuramasca saptaite cirajivinah || " iti | ( sracarendunibandha, anandasramasamskarana, vyasavacanam, patra sam0 22 )

276 puranam - PURANA [Vol. VI., No. 2 vyutpadanamanena samsadhyate | ekamudaharanam -- rajaputraih sibiradisu ratrau nidraya- mapi tatha savadhanairbhavitavyam, yatha sarpapanipatasabde'pi prabudhya tasya nimitta- pracaradi sarvam niskarsaniyamityarthasastre vihitam | yavaddinam tatkarttavyakaryani krtva srantena rajaputrenedam vidhanamasakyam kartumiti pratibhayat | asya sakyatva- mutpadanam suno nidramudahrtya karttum sakyate | manusyasarire mamsapesyah sankhyaya paripurnah santi, naivamitarapraninam sariresu | parantvitarapranisadrsapesisu manusyasarire satisvasi kascicchuska nirupayoginyasca vartante | tasam prayatnena posane krte tah karyaksamah sambhavanti | akhyayiko- daharanena etadrsavisayanam vyutpattya nityanusthanam sakyamiti samsadhyate | pratyaksikopapattya sahaivam vyutpattirakhyayikodaharanaprayojanam | | 4 - dharmasastramitihase pariganitam | purvoktatanjapura brhadisvaragopura- kalasasadrsasyadbhutasya sthayivisvasasya nirmane dharmam eka evopayah | dharmatikrame paralokabhitih asatyanusarane lajja ca manusyam dharmasastrasya nitinirnaye samgraha avasyakah | pradhanataya samyacchatah | ato 5 - evamarthasastramapi | nitervisayanam pratyaksa anvayavyatirekatmakapramana- dvara nirneyatvena sarvamapi vijnanasastram nitinirnaye itihasapramanataya samgrhitam | arthasastramityanena sarvameva vijnanasastramantarbhavitam | evanca sarvasya saramso'yameva yat dharmanirnayo nitinirnaya eva | sa ca sumatibhavaphalako matibhava iti sangitaratnakaradavagamyate | sa ca - " apurvapratibhanam syanmatistam tu vibhavayet | anvayavyatirekotthaih pratyayaih sastracintanaih || uhapohaisca vividhairatha tamanubhavayet | " ityadirupah siddhyati | evamprakaretihasasravanam bhojanottaraharbhage rajna karttavya- miti sopapattikam | atra lekhe samupasthapayisyamanam "pramanam likhitam bhuktih saksinasceti kirttitam " (ya smr . vya, slo, 223 ) iti yajnavalkyadyuktanyatamam pramanamapi

July, 1964] puranakartturmaharsivedavyasasya cirajivitvam anumanapramana-paroksatmakasabdapramananyataratvattadrsanitilaksanaghatakam 277 iti vaksyamanavira mitrodayavyavaharaprakasoddharanaparyalocane sidhyati | taduktam tatra-- "anayosca saksilekhayoh sabdabhivyanjakatvat sabdapramane 'ntarbhavah " | tatha hi-- yathoktagunavatam dosarahitanam ca saksinamaptavakyavasyambhavat aptavakyasya ca pramanyat, tadubhayavisesanavatta nirdharanayaiva saksipariksopadesah | aptavakyasya ca vaktrjnananumapakatvena svatantryena va pramanyamityanyadetaditi | ( vi . vya . pr . 152 pam . 6) bhuktestu vaksyamanavisesanavatyah svatvahetvavinabhavat svatvanumapakatvamiti ca | ( vi0 vya0 pr0 153 pam0 25 ) atrapta- vakyasya vaktrjnananumapakatvapakso yah prathamopanyastastadanusarena sarvesameva sabdapramananamanurupena parinamitanam nirdustapramitijanakatvam tarkasastra saranya drdhameva | ata eva bauddhanamapi tatrapahnatirna sambhavati | evam ca ekamapi tadrsam badhakadrdhatarapramanarahitam vacanam saksirupena likhitarupena ca yavat puratastisthati, tavat paurastyanastikiyenapi nyayalayena carvakiyena bauddhiyenapi va kramika- vikasavadinah adhunika pascatyanuyayinastikasyasambhavanamatrena tadviruddhasiddhanta- syetihasatvakalpanam na karttum sakyate | paramaviraktah yoginah satyavaktaro bhavantityatra bharatiyadhyatmikadarsaniya- starka evam prathitah sadharanatah asatyavakyam prati bhrama-pramada- vipralipsa-karana- patavani karanani | kasyacinnyayadhisasyanyasya va nirnayah, tatah satyataya parigrhyate, yatah asatyatakaranani uparyuktani na syuriti loke prasiddham | bhramadikaranasattve nyayadhisasyayi nirnayah asatyo bhavitumarhati | purane animandavyarsih, satyanarayana vratakathayam sadhuvaisyah vastavaparadham vinapi bhrabhat nyayadhisena rajna siksapatratam nitau | jnanaparipurno janah bhramabhibhuto na bhavitumarhati | ata eva evam nyayadhiso'nyo va yah kincidvidhanam silalekhadikam va karoti, kasyapi pramadena tatkrtamasatyam bhavitumarhati | mudraraksase natake mantriraksasa- grhagatanam pramadat mantrino'nguliyakam canakyahastagatamabhavaditi prasiddham | tatasca tadanguliyakamudritarthadusanapatranyudbhavya bhedanitidvara mantriraksasasya parabhavah 3

278 sukaro'bhavat | puranam - PURANA [Vol. VI., No. 2 purnadharmanusthata pramadena nabhibhuyate | dharmatikramanasyaiva niti- cyutirupasya pramadapadarthatvat | nyayadhiso yadi lobhena utkocadikam grhniyattada tannimittamasatyam nirnayam vidadhyat | atra visaye adhuna udaharananam subhiksaiva | vairagyam tatrausadham | paramavirakto jano vipralipsurna bhavitumarhati | nyayadhiso yadi viksiptacitto bhavettarhi tadapyasatyavidhanam sambhavati | ragadvesadigrasto va bhavettadapya satya lekhanadikartta sambhavedapi | udaharanami haika pesavarajyakale narayanaravamahodayasya vadhanimittalekhah | tatra narayanaravavisaye bandhane avaroddhum dharayetyajnalekho nihsaritah | tasya lekhasya bandhanakarmaniyuktam prati prapteh purvam madhya eva dharayetyasya marayeti viparivrttidvesavikaravata krta | tatasca vikaravasallekho'satyo jatah | animadyaisvaryavatam tu naivamvidhakarana- patavadasatyata sambhavati | dharmajnanaviragavasadye'nimadyaisvaryasalino bhavanti tesam vapusi adhunikairmesmerikaprakriyeti vyavahriyamanatejo'peksayapyativa divyam sadbhava- saktisancarasamartham tenah prasarpati, yena na kevalam manusyah, kintu tiryanco'pi vikaradirahitah santo viniyante smeti vineyesvapi karanapatavamapakriyate | dharmajnanaviragavasa | devamvidhaisvaryatejasa dedipyamanaste purve bharatiya rajanastadguravo yoginascasan yesu karanapatavam kathancidapi na sambhavyate | evam caturvidhakaranaira satyavidhanam sabdalekhadisu sambhavyate | etesam madhye ekasyapi karanasyabhave kadapyasatya nirnayasya naiva prasaktirityetanniscapracam | nyaya- varttika tatparyatika - tatparya parisuddhigranthavalokane 'travisaye sarvam spastam bhavati | karanabhavatkaryabhavah sarvasammato vijnanasiddhasca | niyatacihnaniratisayadharmajnanaviraganimadyaisvaryayuktanamrsinam evancoktasatyatakaranabhava- vacanamasatyamiti na sacetasa vaktum sakyate | viramitrodayavyavaharaprakasasya purvopavarnito'rthopyatra- visaye upastambhako vartate | bharatiyah purve rsayah kathamuccakaksaka vidvamsa asanniti tesam sastranyava- lokayatam sphutameva | rsikarttrkani tara darsanadisastraniva rajanitisastramapi

July, 1964] puranakartturmaharsi vedavyasasya cirajivitvam 279 tatkartrkam paripurnam sarvatmaneti | yatha yatha samalocyate tatha tatha duradarsinam sphutibhavati | tatratyasyaikaikasyapi visayasya vyatikrame krte sati ghoraghoratara vipattayah pradurbhavantiti itihasadvarttamanasamasyavasacca sphuti bhavati | ato vaktavyamapatati, yadvajanitivisaye'pi rsinam drstih paripurneti vimarsakanam drstya vijnayate | rajanitigranthanametesam kartaro munayastaddhyetarasca rajano rajaputrastatsaha- karino'matyasvetyete sarve'pi viragajnanaisvaryasampannascedbhavanti, tarhi tesvasatyam katham padam dadhati "alaksandara " prabhrtayastatsahayoginasca pracinah pascatyamaha- purusah pascatyanam yadi manyastarhi tesamalaksandaradinam sutaramadbhutarasalambani- bhutah sascaryamadarapatrabhuta bharatiyah purve rsayo yogino viraktah vidvamsah satya- nistha rajanasca katham na pascatyanamapi mananiyah ? auddhatyamatramapahaya nanyat kimapi tatranadarakaranam sambhavatiti samanubhuyate iti | purvoktavicare pramadah karanapatavam casatyatahetu rajanityadhikrtamatravartinau na bhavata iti sthitih sambhavita, tadanusarena kasyacidvacanasya dusitatvasanka ca purvoktairdasaprakarairvisesairapaniyata iti sarvatha satyatvam nityuddhrtanam vacananam niscapracam | asmin prasange alocanarho visaya eko 'dhuna samupasthapyate | purana- katturbhagavato vedavyasasya vardhapanadine sarvairevastikairmaharajaih sasraddham pujyamanasya cirajivitvam sastraprasiddham lokaprasiddhamapi | | rajanitisamuddhatetihasapramana- drstya'sya visayasya sattapastabdhatve niscite sati purananam dharmajnanavairagyaisvaryati- sayavat purusapranitatvamaitihasikamadbhutam tattvam siddham bhavati | so'yam pramanabhuto bharatiyarajaniteritihaso rajanityamevokta evamupalabhyate | yathoktamupadhyaya- nirapeksayam nitisaratikayam - "brahmadhyayasahasranam satam cakre svabuddhinam | tannaradena sakrena guruna bhargavena ca || bharadvajavisalaksabhismaparasaraistatha sanksiptam manuna caiva tatha canyairmaharsibhih ||

280 puranam - PURANA prajanamayuso hasam vijnaya ca mahatmana | sanksiptam visnuguptena nrpanamarthasiddhaye " iti || 10 [Vol. VI., No. 2 (kamandaki0 ti0 ; jayamangala ca adhikarana 1 . a0 1 ) mahabharate " 'pyetadanukulanyevetihasavacanani arthasastravyakhyayam jaya- mangalayam ca drsyante | uktavacanesu ayuso hasa uttarottaragranthanirmane hetu- rityuktya cirayustra brahmadinam samarthyate | 11 evamvidham cirayustvamausadhisevanena sambhavatityayurvedavido vadanti | " 10 - (brahma ) tatodhyayasahasranam satam cakre svabuddhijam | "tatastam bhagavanniti purvam jagraha sankarah | bahurupo visalaksah sivah sthanurumapatih || 80 || prajanamayuso hrasam vijnaya bhagavanchivah | sanciksepa tatah sastram mahastram brahmana krtam || 81 || vaisalaksamitiproktam tadindrah pratyapadyata | dasadhyayasahasrani subrahmanyo mahatapah || 82 || bhagavanapi tacchastram sanciksepa purandarah | sahasrah pancabhistata ! yaduktam bahudantakam || 83 || adhyayanam sahasrastu tribhireva brhaspatih | sanciksepa svayam buddhaya barhaspatyam taducyate || 84 || adhyayanam sahasra ेna kavyah sanksepamabravit | tacchastramamitaprajno yogacaryo mahayasah || 85 || evam lokanurodhena sastrametanmaharsibhih | sanksiptamayurvijnaya martyanam hrasameva ca || 86 || ( mahabha0 santipa0, raja0, a0 56 ) 11 - osadhinam pati somamupayujya vicaksanah | dasavarsasahasrani navam dharayate tanum || nagninam toyam na visam na sastram nastrameva ca | tasyalamayuh ksapane samarthasca bhavanti hi || bhadranam sastivarsanam prasru tanamanekadha | kunjaranam sahasrasya balam samadhigacchati || ksiroda sakrasadanamuttaramsca kurunapi | yatrecchati sa gantum va tatrapratihata gatih ||

July, 1964] puranakarttumaharsi vedavyasasya cirajivitvam kasyapasamhitayam nirdistani santi | 281 kumarabhrtye tantre evamvidhacirayustvayuktani purvayugasarirani bhrgu samhitadvara trikalavisayaphaladesakathanadrstasamvade kandarpa iva rupena kantya candra ivaparah | prahladayati bhutanam manamsi sa mahadyutih || sangopangasca nikhilan vedan vindati tattvatah | caratyamoghasankalpo devavaccakhilam jagat || iti | ( susrute, cikitsitasthane 26 adhyaye kalakattamudrite'tipracine pustake 158 prsthe ) 12 - " krtayuge tu narayanam nama dehinam samhananam sariramutpadyate, tasmattadahuh- tasya dhanam niskapalam sirah, asthini ca sattvaspadanyakrtayo vajragariyasyah, hrdi casya mahasira dasaiva, tvagasya sirascabhedyamacchedyam, sarvato'sya sukram, yojanam casyotsedhah, saptaratram casya garbhavasah, sadyo jatasya casya sarvakarmani sakyani bhavanti | na cainam ksutpipasasramaglanisokabhayersya'dharmacinta- dhivyadhijara badhante na ca stanyavrttirbhavati | dhamamtapojnanavijnana- sthitiyuktiscatibhavati | tasya palitopamardham ( ) mayurutkrstamahuriti | atha tretayamardhanarayanam nama dehinam samhananam sariramutpadyate | tasyaika- sthiprayam sariramakuncanaprasaranavajyam, garbhavaso'syastamasikah, stanyajivika ca dve siraskapale, parsvayorekaikah sandhih, urasi ca tryasthiprstham kosthasya sira visatih, sukram ca, palitopama (?) caturbhagamayurutkrstam purvaccadham- gunavasarpanamiti | atha dvapare kausikasamhananam sariramutpadyate kesamatranusu- sirasthi, atiksiptasandhih, mahahastibalah (lam ) siranuvestitagatrah (tram ) gatrasandhisu casya sukram, palitopama (?) stabhagamayustkrstam purvacardhagunava- sarpanamiti | atha kaliyuge prajnaptipisitam samhananam sariramutpadyate tasya sastisca trini casthisatani bhrsasusirani majjapurnani balavadasannabamdhani catvari mamsapesisatani, saptasira satani hrdayamulani, nava snayusatani mastulungamulani, dve dhamani, sate talumule, saptottaram marmasatam, trini mahamarmani, dasa praranayatani panca hrdayani trini sandhisatanyekasita- ( tyadhika ) ni, caturdasakandarah, kurcah dvicatvarimsatah, sat tvacah, sapta dhatavah, srotamsi dvividhani jatasya prthagdantajanma, dasamasam garbhavasah, samvatsaradudhvam pratitisthati, vacam ca visrjati tasya varsasatamayurutkrstam sukhaduhkhadhivyadhijaramrtyuparigatah ksutpipasagaurava- sramase thilyacittersya rosanrtalaulya pariklesamohaviyogaprayah samsaragocarah, abadhabahula iti dve dve yuge sattvarajastamo'nvaye viddhi | ... sarvagatrah ( kasyapasamhita, kumarabhrtyatantram )

282 puranam - PURANA [Vol. VI., No. 2 jyautise'pi pancangakartrbhirevamvidha sthitih svikriyate | yogasutre'pi "udana- nayajjalapankakantakadisvasanga utkrantisceti (pa0 yo0 su0 3-39 ) sutradvara svecchamarana siddhirudanavayorjayadbhavatiti pratipaditam | tacca bhismaprabhrtisva- siditi mahabharatadvara drstam | samadhibhajam muninamuktaritya nitasvasanam dirghajivitvabhonah krtat pupphu- sahrdayayorvisrantisukha labhatsambhavatiti sthitau puranopavarnitam cirayustvam na kena- pi pramanena virudhyate | ata evayurvedoktasya rasayanakalpasyoktayoga sahayye- naiva karya karanatvadyogasastre "janmausadhimantratapah samadhinah siddhayah " (pa0 yo0 su0 4, 1 ) iti sutradvara parikalanam krtam | taduktam tattikayam narayanatirthaih- " etascatasrah siddhayah purvajanmabhyastayoganasca janmadinimittena vyajyante | ata eva yogabhyase visvasena pravrttih | iha siddhyadarsane'pi janmantare saphalyadi "ti | yadyapi " satayurvai purusah " iti srutipratipaditasatavarsajivinam sahasrasamvatsara- satrayaganusthanam na sambhavatityuktva tatratya samvatsara sabdo dinaparatayopavarnito mimamsakaistathapi tasyah srutestavadvarsam sampadaniyasvasavan puruso bhavatityarthakatvasya narayanatirthadibhiruktatvat kumbhakabhyasavatamadhikayustve nastyeva badhakam | ata eva "acarattu smrtim jnatva iti mimamsapratipaditah smrtikartr matragam yavacchratiprapti mulikrtya pravrttah siddhanto 2 smrtestu srutikalpanam " tadiyapratihataisvaryyakrtam mimamsakanamevopapadyate | satrayagapravrttanam tu bahyakarmabhimukhataya svasapravrtterbhavat tadrsakumbhakabhyasasambha- vatsamvatsarasabdasya dinaparatvamuvavarnitam mimamsakairityukte'rthe tadvirodho'pi nasti | alaksandarena mlecchapatina tadiyai " megasthanisa " prabhrtibhih pascatyamana- niya mahapurusairbharatavarsiyanam yoginam mantrasiddhanamayurvedavidam sarpavipacikitsakanam ca itah purvam trayovimsasatabdibhavairdarsanam tadiyascaryamahatmyam ca drstamiti

July, 1964] puranakarttarmaharsi vedavyasasya cirajivitvam 283 pascatyetihasa evollikhitam sarvesameva sacetasam drstigocaramastyeva | ato'tra visaye pascatya api na vipratipattumarhanti | visesato yajnavalkyasmrtivyakhyayam balakridayam ( acaradhyaya, slo0 323, 328 ) visalaksa brhaspatyadigranthavacananamuddharane pratyaksam drsyamane sati natyasastratikayamabhinavabharatyam (adhikarana 24, a0 88 ) tadubhaya- granthato nirdharaniyarthavisesoktesva darsane sati visalaksadinam laksadhyayadyatmaka- granthadhyetrtvam dasasahasradhyayadigranthapranetrtvam tadupayuktacirayustvam ca mahabharatoktam yatsucitam nitisaratikayam arthasastrajayamangalayam ca tatsarvatha sambhavaduktikameva | yatha ca rajanitigranthanametadrsanam paryalocane visalaksadinam cira- jivitvamaitihasika tathyarupam siddham bhavati, tathaiva purvoktanitisaratikavacana eva parasarapadena nirdistasya samastavedasakhadhyapakasya bahmavidagresarasya jagad- gurorbhagavato vedavyasasyapi "na tasya prana utkramanti, atraiva samavaliyante " "notkramanti muneh prana vyapi sarvagato hi sah | " ityadivacanopastambhena "yavadadhikaramavasthitiradhikarikanamiti (vedanta, a0 3, pa0 3, su0 32 ), vedantasutrasthapitanyayena cirajivittham svikarttavyam bhavati, yogitvat trikala- jnanitvam ca | ata eva bhrgusamhitadijyautisagranthavatpuranam pratyapyucyate- " "puranasamhita tata ! brute traikalikim katham " iti | etadviruddham vyasapadavibhrto bahavo vyasastatsthalabhisikta asantasyam caturyugaparivrtta- vityadhunikai tihasikadvara kriyamanam tu samadhanam puranesupavarnyamanasya bhisma- dinam svecchamaranasya bhavisyatkalkyadicaritasya ca kapolakalpitatvasankaparam | ata evamvidhesu visayesu bharatiyarajanitidrstya paryalocanameva bharatiya- caryagauravavinasinah kutetihasa nirmanadraksakam bhavet | uparyullikhitam nitisara tikantargatavakyam pratyaksaparoksanumanalaksanapramana traya- nirnitestasadhanatakakarmanusthanatmakabharatiya rajanitipuraskrtatvadavasyameva visvasa- yogyam | kramikavikasavadina adhunikaitihasikasya matamasrityasya vacanasya

284 puranam - PURANA [Vol. VI., No. 2 pramanikatavisaye sasanka bhavamascettatha sati tarkamaryadamapi langhayema | tamatilanghaya ca kenapi pramanenetihasam samsodhya visvastetihasam samadhigantum nirmatum ca naivadhikarinah sambhavema | ata evoktam- "yasya pramanam na bhavetpramanam kastasya kuryadvacanam pramanamiti | kinca adyatve itihasasamsodhakataya svatmanam prakhyapayantah pracinarajakiyasila- lekha - rajasasana-mudradisadhananyadaya samsodhanam kurmah | etesam sadhananam visaye pramanyaniscaye satyeva tato nirdharyamanetihaso visvasarho bhavitumarhati | tatpramanyaniscayasca tatkartrnam pramanyaniscayadeva karttavyo bhavati | tarkasuddha- buddhaya tatpramanyam nirneyam cetannirmatarastatrasatyam na krtavanta iti matau satyameva nirnetum sakyam | evam ca yesam rajadinam silalekhadi kimapi nasatyataya budhyate, tesam prerakanyanustheyani ca sastrani pramanikatam vina katham bhavitu- marhanti ? tesam tadrsanammadhye yesvanustheyesu ca prerakasastresu pratarakadi- prakalpyetihasa samsodhakatvamatmanah khyapayitaro vayam yadi bhavema tada svarudha- sakhameva svakutharena nighnatamaupamyam svasminnavahayema iti |