Discussion on the Account of Prajapati and his Daughter

Discussion on the Account of Prajapati and his Daughter [prajapati-tatkanya-vrttantamimamsa] / By Pt. K. V. Nilameghacharya, Professor, Sanskrit University, Varanasi / 79-96

[An article 'Prajapati and his Daughter' written by Dr. S. A. Dange was published in 'Purana' Vol. V, No. 1 (pp. 39-46), in which the writer maintained that the Vedic and the Puranic account of the sexual relation of Prajapati with his daughter hints at a point which was a reality sometime far back, and that the father's sexual relation with the daugher could be explained on the basis of the primitive structure of the society. The present article, however, explains this important cosmological account from the orthodox point of view. The account is given in the Mait. Sam. (4. 2. 12), Ait. Br. (3. 9. 33), Sat. Br. (1. 6. 2), Tandya-Maha-Br. (8. 2), and some of the Puranas, such as the Matsya, Bhagavata etc. In the Mait. Sam, and the Brahmanas the father is Prajapati and the daughter is Dyau (sky) or the Usas (Dawn), while in the Puranas the father is Brahma and the daughter is Vac. The Rgveda (I. 71. 5; X. 61. 7) also refers to the sexual relation of a father a god with his daughter, but there is no explicit mention of any particular god or Prajapati and his daughter, Dyau etc. The learned writer in the present article gives certain Mimamsic tenets of interpretation of the Vedic texts, and on the basis of these tenets he asserts that such Vedic accounts do not relate to the worldly people, but they are absolutely super-natural and divine. In Rgveda X. 61. 7 the father is no other than Prajapati himself, as is clear from the Sat. Br. (1.6. 2). And Prajapati is conceived as Prana-pinda, Loka, Kala or Yajna. As the Prana.pinda (in the form of a stag) Prajapati unites

80 puranam - PURANA [Vol. VI., No. 1 with the constellation Rohini, as Loka he unites with Dyau, as Kala he unites with Usas and as Yajna he unites with Vac. This is what Prajapati's sexual relation with his daughter really means. This relation should not be taken in the worldly sense. It is a purely divine act, and means only the uniting of the two divine principles in the process of the creation of the universe, and has nothing to do with any worldly relation of the father and his daughter of the primitive society.] visayavakyam rgvede "mahe yat pitra " iti mantre (r0 1 /71 /5) svayam devo duhitari svisi dhat " iti sruyate | tatha "pita yatsvam duhitaramadhiskanksmaya retah samjagmano nisincat (r0 10 /61 /7) iti ca sruyate | tatra prathamena mantra- khandena svaduhitari tejaso retasa adhata pita kasciddevo varnyate | dvitiyena mantrena pituh svaduhitrgamitvam tatra retassecanakartrtvam ca pratipadyate | ime vakye atra visayah | "pita yatsvam duhitaram " itimantratpurvameva tatsamanarthakam "prathista yasya " ityadimantradvayamapyasti | tadapyatra visayo bhavitumarhati | samsayah 1 atra samsayyate kimimani vacanani srstayarambhakalika manusyasamaje pituh svaduhitrgamanamacaram sadhayitum prabhavanti, uta neti | tadarthamidam vicaryate srstya - rambhadasayamatyantasabhyadasayam sthito manusyasamajah kramena sabhyata samskrti- dharmanasedivan sampratikimunnatidasamadhirudha ityayamarthah kim pramanikah ? uta srstyarambhe'tyantasamunnatavasthatvena srsto manavasamanah kramena dosan gunamsca bhalamano'vanatyunnaticakre bambhramitityepo'rthah pramanika iti | purvapaksah adyatve jagati labdhapracaresu vividhesu dharmagranthesu vedah pracinah, tatrapi rgvedah paramapracina iti sarvavijnasampratipanno'rthah | udahrtesu rgvedamantresu pituh svaduhihasamagamo varnyamano drsyate | uttaresu maitrayanisamhitabrahmanavacanesu tasya prajapati- tatkanya- vrttantamimamsa 81 Jan., 1964] pituh prajapatirupatvam duhiturmatabhedena curupatvamuporupatvam ca pratipadyamanam drsyate | puranesu prajapaterbrahmarupatvam duhiturvagrupatvamityadi samullikhyamanam laksyate, atra "prajapatirvai svam duhitaramabhyakamayatopasam sa rohidabhavat tamrsyo bhutvadhyait tasma apatrata macchadayat, tamayatayami paryavartata, tasmadva abibhet, so'bravit- pasunam tva patim karomyatha me ma stha iti, tadva asyaitannama pasupatiriti " iti maitra- yani samhitayam caturthakande dvitiyaprapathake dvadase'nuvake vidyamanani vacanani, "prajapatirvai svam duhitaramabhyadhyayaddivamityanya ahurupasamityanye tamrsyo bhutva rohitam bhutamabhyait tam deva apasyannakrtam vai prajapatih karotiti " ityadini aitareya brahmane trtiyapanjikayam navamakhande 33 tame bhage vidyamanani vacanani, "prajapatirha vai svam duhitaramabhidadhyau | divam vosasam va mithunyetaya syamiti tam sambabhuva " iti satapathabrahmane prathamakande pasthaprapathake dvitiyabrahmanasthani vacanani "prajapatirupasamadhyetsvam duhitaram tasya retah parapatattadasyam nyasicyata tadasrina- didam me ma dupaditi tatsadakarotpasuneva " iti tandya mahabrahmane astamadhyaye dvitiyakhande (10 ) vidyamanani vacanani, "vacam duhitaram tanvim svayambhurharatim manah | akamam cakame ksattah sakama iti nah srutam " || 28 || iti sribhagavate trtiya skandhadvadasadhyayastham vacanam codaharyani | astreliyaprabhrtivividhadesiyadimamanupyasamajanam vyavahare upalabdhapramanaih paryalocyamane idamavasiyate yadadimamanupyasamaje matrpradhana kutumbavyavastha ''sit, natvadyatva iva pitrpradhana | tada pita kutumbasambandhahinah svairacari asit | tada tasya svaduhitrsamgamo dosatvenapariganyamano labdhapracaro babhuva | sa evadima- manusyasamajapracalita acara udahrtesu rmantresullikhyamano drsyate | pascat yatha yatha manusyasamajah sabhyatasamskrtidharmesuttarottaramadhikadhika vikasamasasada, tatha tatha manusyasamaje pitrpradhana kutumbavyavastha pracalita babhuva | tada vikasabhaja manusyasamajena piturduhitrsamgamo garhito'ganyata | tadrsasamajasthiti ciranuvrttapitrduhitr samgamavrttantasya pujyapurvanavisayakasyanadarsopasthapakatamudiksa- manaih sabhyamanusyasama jalabdha janmabhirmaharsisamjnairvidvadbhistasya vrttantasya rupakaparatvam pituragnirupatvam prajapatirupatvam duhituryalokopomvadikam kalpitam babhuva,

82 puranam- PURANA [Vol. VI., No. 1 yadbrahmanadigranthesu anekadha sruyate | manusyasamajasyayam kramiko vikaso "bhutanam praninah sresthah praninam buddhijivinah | buddhimatsu narah srestha naresu brahmanah smrtah || brahmanesu ca vidvamso vidvatsu krtabuddhayah | krtabuddhisa kartarah kartrsu brahmavedinah || " (manu0 1196-97 ) iti smarata manunapi satyapyate | tat siddham sabhyatasamskrtivikasavidhure stripradhanakutambamaye adimamanava- samaje dosatvenapariganitah pracalitah pitrduhitrsamgamarupa acara eva paramapracine rgvede udahrtesu mantresupanibaddha iti | siddhantah evam prapte'bhidhiyate | vedah paramapracino dharmagrantha iti sarvasampratipannam athopoddharupena vedasya kasminnarthe pramanyamiti nirupyate | 'yatparah sabdah sa sabdarthah ' iti sarvasammato nyayah | sabdastatparyevisaya evarthe pramanam bhavati, na tvatatparyavisaye 'pyarthe, yadi atatparyavisaye'pyarthe sabdasya pramanyamasthiyeta, tasya tatparyavisayasyapyarthasya pramanikatvamabhyupagamyeta, tarhi satrugrhe mojanartha- magrhanam putram prati hitaisina pitra satrugrhe bhojananivrtti tatparyenocyamanaya "visam bhunksva " iti vaco visabhojane pramanyam visabhojanasya pramanikatvam hitaisipitrabhimatatvam ca sidhyediti viplavah prasajyeta | vedasca sabdavisesah | ato'syapi tatparyavisaya evarthe pramanyam yujyate | vividhainyayaiिrvedasya tatparya- nirdharanarthameva trikando mimamsa pravrtta | vedasya tatparyavisayo'rthah ko bhavitu- marhatiti vimarso'tra praptakalah | prayojanaparyavasayi alaukika evartho vedasya tatparyam visayo'rthah | tatpratipadanarthameva vedah pravrttah | vedo yadi prayojana- paryavasayinamartham nabhidadhita, tarhi parisramasadhye nananiyamasapekse vedadhyayane na ko'pi preksavan pravarteta | na ca citrakathasravanadaviva tadatvika ra sanubhavartham vedadhyayane pravrttih ; vedadhyayane tathavidharasanubhavasyadarsanat, yadi ca vedah pratyaksanumanagamyam laukikamevartham bodhayitum pravartsyat, tarhyapi mahayasasadhye vedadhyayane na ko'pi preksapurvakari pravartisyata | yato'klesasadhyena pratyaksenalpa- klesasadhyenanumanena so'rtho veditum sakyate | pratyaksanumanayoh sabdapeksaya jyestha- pramanatvam sabdasya pratyaksanumanopajivitvam cavipratipannam | ata eva suktamabhiyuktah prajapati tatkanya- vrttantamimamsa 83 Jan., 1964] "atke cenmadhu vindeta kimartham parvatam vrajet | istasyarthasya samsiddhau ko vidvan yatnamacaret " || iti | prayojanavada laukikarthapratipadanaparatvadeva vedasya vedatvam | tatha ca bhanyate "pratyaksenanumitya va yastupayo na budhyate | enam vidanti vedena tasmadvedasya vedata || " iti | kim ca, istanista praptipariharatmakaprayojanaparyavasayitattadvidheyanisedhyarthapra- tipadakatvam vidhinisedhatmake vedabhage'nubhuyamanam napahotu ' sakyam | vidhimantra- namadheyanisedharthavadabhedena pancadha pravibhakte vede vidheh svargadiprayojanaparyavasayi yagadividhanena, mantrasya prayojanaparyavasayiprayogasamavetarthasmaranena, namadheyasya prayojanaparyavasayividheyartha paricchedanena nisedhasyanarthahetukarmanah sakasatpurusasya nivrttikaratvena, vidhinisedhasepanamarthavadanam vidheyartham stavakatvena nisedhyartha-ninda- katvena ca prayojanaparyavasanamupapadyate | brahmakandasyapi abhyudayanihsreyasaparyavasayi- vividhopasana vidhanaparatvam durdharsam 7 ittham prayojanaparyavasayitattada laukikarthapratipadanatatparyena pravrtto vedastacche- pataya 'nyastamstanarthan pratipadayati | anyaparavedavacanapratipadita apyartha yadi nirdosapratyaksavadhita na syuh, tarhi te'pi arthah satya eva pratyetavyah | yadi- te'rtha nirdosapratyaksavadhitah syuh tarhi vedasya pratyaksaviruddhe'rthe tatparyamabhyupetya pramanyam niruhyate | iyam ritih "adityo yupah " ityadivedavakyesu svikrta vakyavidbhirityatirohitam mimamsaparicayavatam | anya parassvarthaparairva vedavacanaih pratipadita adbhuta lokottara artha viparitavyaptiparahatatvamatrena nanumanena badhi- tumarhah | kimtu adbhutalaukikarthapratipadanasamarthanirdosavacanaireva tadanumanam badhyate | na hi asambhavitakaranadopadvedad drdhotpannam jnanam vastvantaradrstasadharanasvabhavabhava- vadvastuvisayatamatrenanumanavadhyam bhavitumarhati pavakausnyapratyayasyapyanumanabadhya- tvaprasangat | yatha nirdosena pavakaunnyapratyaksena pavakanusnatvadyanumanasya badhah, tatha nirdosavedajanyena lokaparidrstadbhutarthavisayakajnanena viparitavyapti- mulakasyanumanasyaiva badhah | tat siddham parisramasadhyadhyayanagrhayamanasya vedasya prayojanaparyavasayyajnatartha- jnapakatvarupam pramanyam tatparanyaparavedavacanasiddhanam nirdosa pratyaksabadhitanamarthanam pramanikatvam ca durapahnavamiti |

84 puranam - PURANA [Vol. VI., No. 1 evambhutesu vedapratipaditesu parassahasresvarthesu anyatamoya'marthah prajapateh svaduhitrgamitvam nama | imani prajapateh svakanyasamgama pratipadayanti rgveda- vacanani srstyarambhaka likamanupyasamaje purvapaksina labdhapracaratvena tatha tada nirdosatvena pariganitatvena cabhimatam pituh svaduhitrsamgamarupamacaram sadhayitum nesate, prajapatisabdena srstyarambhakaliko manusyo vivaksita ityatra pramanabhavat, anya eva kasvidevo vivaksita ityatraiva pramanasadbhavacca | sabdasyarthavisese tatparyam purvaparasandarbhaparyalocanenaiva nirdharayitum sakyate, anyathatiprasangat | ata emva hyahuh "purvaparaparamrstah sabdo'nyam kurute matim " iti | purvaparaparyalocane prajapatirdevaviseso na manusya iti sphutam gamyate | tathahi- rgvedasthe "mahe yat pitra " iti mantre "svayam devo duhitari vipi dhat " iti khande devasyaiva svaduhitari teja adhayakatvam sruyate na manusyasya | udahrtayo- ranyayotragvedamantrayoh kanyagamitvena varnitah pita devo manusyo veti yadyapi visisya na nirdistah, tathapi sa udahrtamantranusarena deva ityeva nisciyate | ekarthapratipadakesu vacanesu spastarthakavacananurodhenaspastarthakavacanasyartho hi nirnetum yujyate | ata eva "anurapi viseso'dhyavasayakarah " iti nyayamasritya "samdigdhesa vakyasesat (purvami0 a0 1| pa0 4| su0 29 ) "visaye prayadarsanat " ( purvamo0 a0 2| pa0 3| su0 16 ) ityadipa vakyasepaprayadarsanadibhirartha- nirdharana kiyate | kimca satapathabrahmane prathamakande pasthaprapathake dvitiyabrahmane prajapatirvai svam duhitaramabhidadhyau divam vopasam va mithunyetaya syamiti tam sambabhuva " iti pratipadite prajapateh svaduhitrsamagamarupe'rthe samvadakatvena "tasmadetadrpinabhyanuktam | pita yat svam duhitaramadhiskan ksmaya retah sanjagmano nisincat " iti rmantra adbhutah | tena mantroktah pita prajapatirupo deva eveti satapathabhipretam sidhyati | tadeva rgvedasthairmantrairdevavisesasya svaduhitrga- mitvasiddhavapi srstyarambhakalikasya manusyasya svaduhitrgamitvam na sidhyati | na ca devasabdo manusyaparah, devamanusyasabdayoraparyayatayah kosapramanasiddhatvat | udahrtesu rmantresu devasya pituh svaduhitrgamitvarupo yo 'rthah samanyena varnyate sa evartho vaksyamanamaitrayanisamhitaitareya brahmanatandya mahabrahmanavacanaih prajapati-tatkanya-vrttantamimamsa 85 Jan., 1964] prajapateh svaduhitropasa samagamarupa iti visisya pratiyate | tani vacananimani | maitrayanisamhitayam caturthakande dvitiyamapathake dvadase'nuvake sruyate "prajapati svam duhitaramabhyakamayatopasam sa rohidabhavat, tamrsyo bhutvadhyaita, tasma apavratamacchadayat, tamayatayabhiparyavartata, tasmadva abibhet, so'bravit, pasunam tva patim karomyatha me ma stha iti, tadva asyaitannama pasupatiriti " iti | anena maitrayanisamhitavacanenedam pratipadyate yat jatu prajapatisstvasyam duhitari upasi asato babhuva | sa mrgi babhuva, prajapatirmrgo bhutva tamadhijagama tada rudrah kruddhah san prajapati veddha ' vanam prayuyuje | prajapatirvibhaya, uvaca ca yadi mayi banam na visrjestarhi tvam pasupatim karomiti | aitareyabrahmane trtiyapanjikayam navamakhande 33 trayastrimse bhage idam sruyate- "prajavati svam duhitaramabhyadhyayat, divamityanya ahurupasamityanye, tamrsyo bhutva rohitam bhutamabhyait, tam deva apasyannakrtam vai prajapatih karotiti, te tamaicchan ya enamarayisyatyeta manyo'nyasminnavindastesam va eva ghoratamastanva asamsta ekadha samamarastah sambhrta epo devo'bhavattadasyaitadbhutavannama, bhavati vai sa yo'syai tadevam veda, tam deva abravannayam vai prajapatirakrtamakarimam vidhyeti, sa tathetyabravit, sa vai vo varam vrna iti, vrnisveti sa etameva varamavrnita pasunamadhipatyam tadasyaitatpasumannama, pasuman vai bhavati yo'syaitadevam nama veda, tamabhyayatya- vidhyat sa urdhvam udaprapata, tamevam mrga ityacaksate, ya u evam mrgavyadha sa u eva sa, ya rohit sa rohini, yo evepustrikanda, so eveputrikanda, tadva idam prajapate retah siktamadhavat saro'bhavatte deva abruvan medam prajapate reto dupaditi yadabruvan medam prajapate reto dupaditi, tanmadupamabhavat tanmadupasya madupatvam, madusam ha vai namaitadyanmanusam tanmadupam sanmanusamityacaksate paroksena paroksapriya iva hi devah " iti | asyaya- marthah pura ekada prajapatih svaduhitaramabhilaksya bharyatvena dhyanam krtavan | tasyam duhitari rsinam matabhedah | kecid dyalokadevatam tatha dhyatavanityahuh, pare upahkaladevatam tatha dhyatavanityahuh | prajapatirrsyo mrgavisesarupadharo mrtva rohitam bhutam mrgim bhutam lohitam praptam rtumati bhutam duhitaramabhigatavan |

86- [Vol. VI., No. 1 puranam- PURANA duhitrgaminam prajapatim drstva devah parasparamabruvan yadayam prajapatirakrtamadyayavatke- napyakrtamakartavyam nisiddhacaranam karotiti vicarya tadrsam purusamaicchan yah purusa etam prajapatim "arayisyati " atim prapayitum samarthah | anvesayanto'nyonyasmin tam prajapativighatakam na labdhavantah | parasparam drstva ekaikasya saktyabhavam nicikyuh | sarvesu devesu ya ghorastanvah sariranyasan tah sarva ekadha samamelayan | melayitva ekam sariram cakrah | ta ghoratamastanvo melitah satya ekadevarupatam prapuh | sa eko deva esa rudra eva | evam bhutatvadeva tasya devasya bhutapatiriti bhutasabdayuktam nama sampannam| ya evam nama veda, so'pi "bhavati " bhutiman bhavati | tam rudram deva avocan ayam prajapatih "akrtagana " nisiddhacaranam krtavan tasmadimam banena vidhya arthat prahareti | rudro devebhyah pasunamadhipatyam ata eva rudrasya pasupatiriti pasusabdayuktam nama sampannam | catra | etannama- vedi api pasuman bhavati | sa rudro'bhyayatya banayuktam dhanurabhita akrpya tam prajapatimavidhyat | rsyamrgarupadharah sa prajapatirviddhah san urdhvamukhah "udaprapata " sa mrgasirsanaksatra- utpatitavan | amumakase jana mrgasirsanaksatramacaksate | rupah sampannah | | rudro mrgavyadharupah sampannah | ya duhita rohit raktavarna mrgi sa akase rohininaksatrarupa sampanna | ya eva rudrena prepita trikanda anikasalyatejanarupavayavatrayavati ipuh, sa akase trikanda issampanna | mrgarupena prajapatina yadreto mrbhyam sikkam, tadatibahutvadbhumau patitam sat pravaha- rupenadhavat | tat kvacinnimnadese saro'bhut | te deva abruvan idam prajapate reto madusat dustamasprsyam mabhuditi | madupadityuktyanusarena nirdosasya retaso madusamiti nama sampannam | madupasabdabhidheyanirdosaprajapatireto jatvadeva manusyasariram manusamiti dakarasthane nakaradesam krtva paroksenacaksate paroksapriyatvaddevanamiti | satapathabrahmane prathamakande pasthapapathake dvitiyatrahmane sruyate "prajapatirha vai svam duhitaramabhidadhyau divam vopasam va, mithunyetaya syamiti tam sambabhuva | tadvai devanamaga asa ya ittham svam hitaramasmakam dusvasaram karotiti | te ha deva ucuryo'yam devah pasunamiste -atisandham va ayam caratiya ittham svam duhitaramasmakam svasaram karoti, vidhyemamiti | tam rudro'bhyayatya vivyadha | prajapati- tatkanya- vrttantamimamsa 87 Jan., 1964] tasya sami retah pracaskanda | tathennunam tadasa | tasmadetadrsina'bhyanuktam "pita yatsvam duhitaramadhiskan ksmaya retah sanjagmano nisincat " iti " iti | asyayamarthah --- prajapatih svam duhitaram divamca upasamva abhidhyatavan | katham ? etaya mithuni mithunavan syamiti | evam dhyatva tam samvabhuva samgatah | tad duhitrgamanam devanam manasi agah aparadho vabhuva | yo'yam devah pasuna- moste tam pasupatim deva ucuh, ayam prajapatirduhita na gantavyeti samgham maryadavyava- sthamatikramya carati, tasmadaparadhitvannigraharha ityenam vidhyeti | tam rudra akrsya isu viddhavan | tasya sami ardha retah praskannam babhuva | ayamarthah "pita yat svam duhitaramadhiskan ksmaya retah sanjagmano nisincat " iti rsina mantrenanukta iti | atra sayanabhasye prajapatih pranapindalokaka layajnatma'midhyatavan divam va upasam va " lokatmana divam kalatmanopasam pranapindatmana (rksebhyo ) mrgo rohitam rohininamakam naksatram yajnatmana vacam, kathamabhidadhyau mithuni mithunavan enaya syamiti tam sambabhuva samgata iti bhasitam vartate | tandya mahabrahmane astamadhyaye dvitiyakhande "srayantiyam yajnavibhrastaya brahmasama kuryat || 9 || prajapatirupasamadhyet svam duhitaram, tasya retah parapatat, tadasyam nyasicyata, tadasronadidam me madupaditi, tatsadakarotpasuneva || 10 || yacchrayantiyam brahmasama bhavati sronati caivainam saccakaroti " iti sruyate | asyarthah - yajnavibhrastasya prayascittarupena srayantiyam brahmasama kuryaditi vidhaya srinateh pakarthat srayantiyamitinirvacanavivaksayakhyayikocyate prajapati- rityadina | purvam prajapatih svaduhitaramupasamadhyedadhyagacchat, tasya retah parapatat, tadasyam prthivyam nyapicyata | tadasrinat paripakkamakarot kenabhiprayena ma dupat dustam ma bhuditi | tat pakvam retah sadakarot | tadeva vivrnoti pasunakaroditi | etacchrayantiyamabhavaditi sesah | yad asya prayoge tat brahmasama bhavati, tata enam yajnavibhrastam srinati suddham karoti, tatah sacca yajnasadhakam ca karoti " iti bhasyate | rmantresvamnato devasya pituh svaduhitrgamanarupo'rtha eva maitrayanisamhitayam brahmanesu ca prajapateh svaduhitrgamanatmana samksepavistara prakriyaya varnyata iti varnana- sailisamyadvijnayate | kim ca rmantresu pita devo duhita ca visisya noktau |

88 puranam - PURANA [Vol. VI., No. 1 atastau kaviti jijnasa svarasasiddha | sa pitari prajapatitvena duhitari dyutvenopastvena va jnatayoh samyati | atah samanyata uktasya devasya pituh prajapatirupe visese samanyata uktaya duhituh dhurupe uporupe va visese paryavasanam nyayatah sidhyati | ayam samanyavisesanyayo lokasiddhah | kimca, rmantresu samksepena pratipadito 'yamartha eva maitrayani samhita brahmanavacane- vistarena vikriyata iti sphutam pratiyate | samksiptam varnanam vyakhyeyakalpam, vistrtam varnanam vyakhyanakalpam | vyakhyeyasya vivaksitamevartham vyakhyanam vivrnoti na tu vyakhyeyaviksitamarthamityutsargasiddham | yattu vyakhyanam vyakhyeyavivaksita- martham vyakhyeye aropya vivrnoti tadapavyakhyanam ganyate | prakrte samksepavistara- prakriyaya prakrtamartham pratipadayatamrjyantranam brahmanadivacananam ca svarasata apatan vivaranavitriyamanabhavo nirakartum na sakyate | satapathabrahmane prajapateh svaduhitr- samagamarupe vrttante samvadakatvena rmantra ] udahrta iti spastam | brahmanadika- mrnmantravivaksitamevartham vivrnoti, na tu tadavivaksitamartham tasminnaropya vivrnototi rjubuddhibhih pratyetu m yuktam | anyatha hyapavyakhyanata prasajyeta tatha ca niruktanyayairasmin vrttante mimamsite svaduhitrganta sa pita devah prajapatih, devasya prajapatergamyatvena prastuta duhita ca matabhedena dyaurupa veti nisciyate sa duhita kacinmanupiti naiva sidhyati, tatprajnapakabhavat | tasya duhiturmanupyastritvakalpana udahrtavedavacanaviruddhatvadanadeyaiva | kim ca aitareya brahane mrgarupena prajapatina mrgyam siktasya bhumau patitasya sarobhavamupetasya madupat " iti devaih samkalpitasya retaso manupasariratmana parinatasya madupasya manusatvena paroksaritya pratipadyamanasya nirupanat prajapate- mrgisamgamottarameva manusyasrstirjateti sidhyati, tandya mahabrahmananusarena tadrsa- retasah pasusrstirjateti sidhyati | pasumanusyasrsteh purvabhavitvena varnitah sa prajapateh svaduhitrsamagamah kathamapi srstyarambhaka likamanusyasya pituh svaduhitr- manapyastri samgamarupo bhavitu narhati | 1 kim ca, srivisnupurane prathame'se pancadase'dhyaye pracetasadaksacarite "yada'sya srjamanasya na vyavardhanta tah pranah | tatah sancintya sa punah srstihetoh Jan., 1964] prajapati-tatkanya-vrttantamimamsa 89 prajapatih || 89 || maithunenaiva dharmena sisrksurvividhah prajah | asikkimavahat kanyam viranasya prajapateh || 90 || tatah prabhrti maitreya praja maithunasambhavah ||79|| samkalpadarsanatsparsatpurvesamabhavan prajah | tapovisesaih siddhanam tadatyantatapam- svinam || " iti pracetasadaksadarabhyaiva maithunaprajasrsteh pratipadanat daksatpurva- kale maithunajasrsteratyantamabhavasya siddheh, tatraiva pancamadhyaye "sthavarantah suradha- stu praja brahmacaturvidhah | brahmanah kurvatah srstim jajnire manasastu tah || iti brahmana manasa sarjanasyaiva pratipadanat vedapratipadito'yam prajapateh svaduhitr- samagamo'pi manasa eva na tu sthulah, manaso'pi svaduhitrsamgamo'nucita iti devaprarthitena rudrena prajapatirdandita iti tadapi lipyate | manasasamgamatprana- paternissrtah srstihetuh sariramsa eva retastvena pratyapadi | tatha ca prajapateh svaduhitra saha bhautika maithunam naiva samvrttam, svasrstaduhitra prajapatermanasah sambandha eva tatha varnita iti sidhyati | evam caitadavastambhena srstvarambhakalika manusyasya svaduhitrgamitvasya samarthanamakasatandavayate | kim ca yatha "pasya nilotpaladvandvannissaranti sitah sarah " ityatra netradvandvatkataksanissaranam svasabdenanucyamanam sat nilotpaladvandvacchitasara- nissaranarupena pratipadyate, tatha "paroksapriya iva hi devah " iti udahrte aitareya brahmane aitareyopanipadi coktaritya tasya tasyarthasyaparoksaritya varnanasya srutisailisiddhatvat udahrtasatapathabrahmana sayanabhapyoktaritya pranapindalokakala- yajnatma prajapatih svasrstam divam lokatmana, upasam kalatmana, pranapindatmana mrgo rohitam rohini nama naksatram, yajnatmana vacam ca samgata ityayamartha eva mantresu svasabdenanucyamanah pituh svaduhitrgamanarupena paroksarupena varnyate | tatra vivaksito vastavika artha eva maitrayani samhitabrahmanavacanesu pita prajapatih duhita dyaurusa vetyevam rupena suspastam pratipadyate | srutitatparyavisayam srastuh prajapateh svasrstaya divopasa rohinya vacaca samgamarupamartham yathavadaviditva kaiscit laukikasya pituh laukikaduhitrsambandham srutivivaksitam matva tam pracinam sadacaram ma vijnasidityetadarthameva brahmanagranthesu rudrakrtasya dandavidhanasya varnanena tasya duracararupatvam prakhyapiti kalpyate | tatha caneka prajapateh svasrsta-

90 puranam - PURANA [Vol. VI., No. 1 dhulokadibhih sambandha eva piturduhitr samgamarupenalamkarikabhasaya rmantresu varnita ityudahrtairbrahmanavacanairgamyate | tatha piturduhitrsamgamasya nisiddhatvam ca pratiyate | asyam sthitau satapathabrahmanadibhirvivrtamrmantravivaksitamarthamupeksya kevalamantrava lambanena srstyarambhakalikamanupyasamaje piturduhitrsamgamasyavigitacaratvena pari- grhitatvasya kalpanam srutitatparyaviruddhatvadanadeyameva | yadapi cedamucyate, rnmantrah paramapracinah, maitrayanisamhitabrahmanavacanani tato'rvacinani | mantresu piturduhitrsambandhah svasabdena varnyate, arvacinesu brahmanadisveva pituh prajapatirupatvam duhiturdyulokarupatvamuporupatvam piturduhitrgama- nasya ninditatvadeva prajapaterdandabhakatvamityadikam varnyate | tenedam nidhiyate srstyarambhakalike sabhyatasamskrtidharmagandhanaghrate manusyasamaje 'vigitacaratvena parigrhitah piturduhitrsamgamarjyantresu pratipadyate | uttarakale sabhyatasamskrti- dharmapracarabahule manusyasamaje bahoh kaladanuvartamanasya pujyapurvaja visayakasya tasya vrttantasyanadarsopasthapakatam pujyapurva navisayaka sraddhaddasaprasanjakatam codviksamanai- statkalikairmaharsibhih pituh prajapatirupataya duhitudyu lokadirupatayah prajapati- dandana nirupanena . piturduhitrsamgamasya paparupatayasca pratipadanamakari | ayam pascattanah purvavrttasamsodhanaprakaro brahmanadisu varnyate || iti | atredam vaktavyam | yadyapi vayamagvedasya paramapracinatvam maitrayanisamhita- brahmananam tato'rvacinatvamiti na sampratipadyamahe | sarvesam vedabhaganam sama- kalikatvamevatisthamahe | athapyanvaruhya brumah | srstyarambhakalikasabhyamanu- pyasamaje pracalito pitrduhitrsamgamarupah pracinacarah pracinarmantresupanibaddha aitihya- rupena samaje 'nuvartamano'nadarsopasthapakatvatpascattanairbrahmanadidrastubhistadvastava- svarupam vidadbhireva tatsvarupanihrvapurvam pranapatitvadyatvadikalpanapurvam dandavidhana- kalpanapurvakam ca rupantarena samaje pracarito babhuvetyetat yadi satyam syat, tarhi svagrhitamarthamanyatha jagati pracarayantaste'vasyam vipralambhaka eva syuh | sadicchayoktamapi vipralambhakanam vacastatsamasamayika anye naiva visvaseyuh, khandayeyusca | paramatra tatha tadatyikanam matabhedah kvacidapyupanibaddho na drsyate | yadi tadatvikah sarve'pi maharsaya ekamatayo bhutva pracinacaramarthantara kalpanena Jan., 1964] prajapati- tatkanya vrttantamimamsa 91 nyathayityaiva pracarayamasuh na ko'pi vivadamana asiditi kalpyate, tarhi tadanim- tanah sarve'pi maharsayo vipralambhaka avisvasaniyascapadyante | vipralambhakamaharsi- vacanani sarve'pi tadanimtana visvasanta evasan iti yadi kalpyate, tarhi tasmin susabhye manusyasamaje sarve'pi vipralambhakamaptatvena grhana bhrantah prasajyante | bhrantabharitasya tasya manupyasamajasya sabhyatvavacoyuktirupahasaniyaiva syat | tadanitanairmaharsibhih svasyaptatvam samraksadbhirvipralipsato bhiteh "anye krtayuge dharmah " ityadyuktanitya piturduhitrsamgamah praktanayugadharmah na sampratikayugadharma iti hyupedasta- vyam | yadi srstyarambhakalikamanusyasamaje tathavidha acaro labdhapracaro- 'bhavisyat, tarhi apta avipralambhakaste maharsaya uktarityaivopadesyan | brahmana- didrastrnam vipralambhakatvasvikare rnmantradrastaro'pi maharsayastulyanyayadvipralambhakah sarvatha'bhutameva pitrduhitr samgamavrttantam kalpayitvaiva pracarayamasurityapyapadyeta | tatha ca rnmantranusarena purvapaksivivaksitam pitrduhitrsamgamasya tattvikatvam na sidhyet | tatha ca brahmanadidrastrsu vipralambhakatvasankamupajanayantiyam brahmana- dyarthavisaye kalpana rnmantradrastrsvapi tathatvasankam prasanjayanti nijasadana nihitahuta- vahajvalayate | maitrayanisamhitabrahmanavacananam srstyarambhakalikamanusyasamana- pracalita pitrduhitr samgamarupacaranipurvam kalpanika niruktarthapratipadakatve tulyanya- yatsarve'pi vedah kalpanikatattadarthapratipadakah citrakathakalpah prasajyeranniti te parisramasadhyadhyayanapathadduribhaveyuh | tatha ca lokayatavada eva vijayeta | uparyukta vedamantraih pituh svakanyasamgama sadhayatamidam sarvamanistamiti matra tairistapatti- rudravayitum sakya | "tusyatu " nyayena rnmantranam maitrayanisamhitabrahmananam purvaparakalikatve'pi rna mantre'visadam varnitasyaivarthasya vivaranartham maitrayani- samhitabrahmananam pravrtteh svarasasiddhatvat vitriyamanasya vivaranoditartham paratvasya nyayyatvat samanyavisesanyaya sarvasakhapratyayanyaya sarvavedantapratyayanyayairrna mantra- brahmanavarnita sarvarthopasamharenasyarthasya niskarsaniyatvat nanarupadharasya prajapateh svasrstatattadartha samgamapratipadana evam rna mantranam brahmananam ca tatparyamavagamyata iti sarvesam pramanye niruhyamane brahmanadrastrsu vipralambhayamankurayanti purvapaksi- kalpana'nadeya |

92 puranam PURANA [Vol., VI. No. 1 kim ca, atiprasangavahatvadapiyam purvapaksikalpana na svikaramarhati | tathahi- yatha prakrte purvapaksi kalpayati srstyarambhakalikamanupyasamaje avigita- caratvena labdhapracarah pitrduhitrsamgamarupa acaro mantresu varnitah | pascatsabhya- samaje labdhajanmabhirvigitah sa acaro'rthantarakalpanaya nihrto'bhuditi | tathaivanyanyairapi tatra tatra kalpayitum sakyamityatiprasangavaheyam kalpana | udahrta rnmantra na srstyarambhakalika manusyasamaje pracalitam piturduhitr- samgamarupamartham pratipadayanti arthantaraparatvat | tathahi-- "mahe yatpitra i rasam dive karavatsaratprsanyacikitvan | srjadasta ghrpata didyumasmai svayam devo duhitari vipi dhat || " iti | - 11r0 1 /71 /5) ayam "upaprajinvan " ityadike parasaradrste tristupa chandaske'gnidevata ke saptamasukte trtiyamantro'gnidevatakatvadagniprakasanapara | yo mantro yaddevataka sa tatprakasanapara ityutsargah | asya mantrasya sayanacaryakrteyam vyakhya | "mahe " mahate "pitre " palayitre "dive " dyotamanaya devaganaya "i" imam "rasam " prthivya rasam sarabhutam havih "yat " yada yajamanah "kah " karoti, tadanim "prsanyah " sparsana- kusalo raksasadih "cikitvan " havimsi vahantam he agne tvam janan "avatsarat " svadbhayatpalayate | "asta " ipuksepanasilo'gnih " dhrsata " dharsakena dhanusa "asmai " palayamanaya raksasadaye "didyum " dipyamanam banam "srjat "visrjati | "devo " dipyamana upahkalam praptognih "svayam " svakiyayam "duhitari " duhitr- tatsamanantarabhavinyamupasi "tvisim " svakiyam diptim "dhat " sthapayati | upahkale hi suryakiranah pradurbhavanti, taih svakiyam prakasamekikaroti | taya ca taittariyakam "udyantam va''dityamagniranu samarohati, tasmaddhuma evagnerdiva dadrse " iti | ata upasi dotim nidadhatityucyata iti | svarasasiddhan sabdartha- navalambya pravartamaneyam sayanakrta yojana'klistatvadupadeya | ratravagnirdipyate diva surya iti sarvasampratipannam | sayampratah kalayoh suryasyagnau agneh surye sayampratahkalayoh canusamarohah srutisiddhah | atra ratrau dedipyamanasyagneh samanantarabhavitva- dusah kalo'gnerduhitrtvena tada suryakiranaih sahagnina svakirananamekikaranamupasi prajapati-tatkanya-vrttantamimamsa 93 Jan., 1964] duhitari agnikrtasvakiya diptyadhanarupena varnyata ityasyah sruterupasi suryakiranaih sahagnikirananamekibhavasyaiva pratipadane tatparyam gamyate | ayamartho'naya srutya- ''lamkarikabhasaya pratipadyate | tatha pratipadanam "paroksapriya iva hi devah " ityuktaritya srutiselisiddham | asya rco'gnidevatakatvadagnirupah praja- patirevatra devasabdenocyata iti devavrttanta evatra pratipadyate na tu mrstyarambha- kalikasya manusyasya svaduhitrgamanarupo'rtha iti devasabdasamabhivyaharadvijnayate | tat siddhamasya mantrasya srstyarambhakalika manusyasamajapravrttipitrduhitrsamgamarupa- caraparatvam sratyaksaraviruddhatvadanadeyamiti | "pita yatsvam duhitaramadhiskanksmaya retah sanjagmano nipincat | svadhyo'janayan brahma deva vastospati vratapam nirataksan " || (r0 1016117 ) prathista yasya " ityadikam "pita yatsvam duhitaram " ityantamrdmantratrayam "svamsena bhagavan rudrah prajapatirvastospati rudramasrnayat " ityetadarthaparataya sayanacaryena vyakhyatam | tatrasya mantrasya vyakhyanam yatha "pita " prajapatih "yat " yada "svam duhitaram " divamupasam va "adhiskan " adhyaska- ndat tadanimeva " dhamaya " prthivya saha "sanjagmanah " samgacchamanah prajapatirasmin loke rohitam bhutamrsyo bhutva "nipincat " nipekamakarot | "tamrsyo bhutva rohitam bhutamadhyet iti brahmanam | tadanim "svadhyah " sudhyanah sukarmano va "deva " "brahmajanayan " udapadayan | kim tadbrahmeti tadaha - "vastospatim " yajnavastusvaminam "vratapam " vratasya karmano raksahprabhrtibhyah palakam "nirataksan " yajnavastusvamitvam dattva karmaraksakatvena nirmitavantah " iti | atra pitra svaduhitari retasi sikke tena devairvastospaternirmanam krtamiti sphutam | sa pita kah sa duhita keti visesanijnasayam maitrayanisamhitabrahmanaih sa pita prajapatih sa duhita dyaurusaveti sidhyati | satapathabrahmane iyamrk "prajapatirha vai svam duhitaramabhidadhyau divam vopasam va " ityadina pratipadite'rthe samvadakatvenopatta | mantravivaksita evartho vivaranarupairbrahmanavacanairvitriyata itya- bhyupagama eva nyayyah | tatha casmin mantre prajapatitrtvena dyaurusa va duhitr-

a 94 puranam-- PURANA [Vol. VI., No. 1 tvena pratipaditaviti phalati | dvitiyapade pitrduhitrorrsyarohidrupena bhumau samcaranam tatra rsyena prajapatina retassekasca pratipadyate | trtiyacaturtha- padabhyam devaistena retasa vastospatinirmanam krtamiti varnyate | tatha cayam mantro devavrttanta pratipadanapara iti gamyate | asya mantrasya srstyarambhakalikamanupyasamaja- pravrttapitrduhitrsamsargaparatvakalpanam devavastospatyadisabda samabhivyaharaviruddham purva- parasamgatam cetyupeksaniyatamarhati | etena "prathista yasya " iti mantro'pi vyakhyatah | kim ca yatha ramacaritadau bahusu granthesu samksepavistarabhyam pratipadite sati tattadgranthoditasarvavisesopasamharenaiva taccaritasya yathatmyam niskrpyate, tatha samksepavistarabhyam vede tatra tatra pratipadito'yam pitrduhitrsamsargarupo'rtho'pi tatta- dvedavacanoditasesopasamharenaiva niskarsaniyah | tatha niskarse krte sati sa pita prajapatih, duhita dyaurusa vagva, prajapateh so'laukikah samsargo'pi devairnisiddha- tvena ganitah, rudrena prajapatirdanditasceti samuditarthah phalati | tatha ca srstya rambhakale'pi pituh kanyagamitvamaparadhatvena pariganitam babhuvetyeva sidhyati | devasamajepi piturduhitrgamitve papatvena pariganyamane sati manusyasamaje tasya tathatvam sutaram sidhyatiti srstvarambhaka likamanusyasamaje tasyavigitacaratvena parigrhitatvakalpanamaptagranthesu tatha'nukteh kalpakasemusi prasutamityeva gamyate | srimamsavartikakara bhattapadah prajapaterduhitrsamgamarupam sritamartham vyacaksana ahuh- 'prajapatistavatrajapalanadhikaradaditya evocyate | sa carunodayavelaya- samudyatrabhyet | sa tadagamanadevopajayata iti tadduhitrtvena vyapadisyate | tasyam carakiranakhyabinaniksepastripurusayogavadupacarah " iti || athaitadarthamidam vicaryate kim srstyarambhakale manusyasamanah sabhyata samskrti- gandhahinah pasuprayacarana asot pascadeva kramena sabhyata samskrtidharman bhajamana unnayan vikasamsca vartate ityayamarthah pramanikah ? uta sustyarambhakale manusya- samajah praptasarvesvaradeva maharghyadisamparkah sarvasiddhisampanno babhuva, pascaccakarapankti- rivavanatyunnati paryayena bhajamanah sampratikim duhsthitimanuprapta ityayamarthah manika iti | Jan., 1964] prajapati- tatkanya- vrttantamimamsa 95 visale'smin bhumandale kvacit kacit samudraplavana bhukhanda nimajjanajvala- mukhaparvatasphotana maha bhukampa mahasamgrama bahusamharaka mahavyadhiprasaranarastraviplavasatpurusagata- gatavicchedadibhistatratye svalpavasiste manusyasamane sabhyatasamskrtidharmanam lopastadatvikamanusyanam pasuprayajovanam tatastesam kramena sabhyatadinam svikarana- mityadikam sambhavyate | yatha ramarajye yudhisthirarajye ca sarvaprakarasamunnatimase- dupya bharatiya janatayah santananam kalakramenavanatigarte patastata atmanamuddhartumunnati- mavaptu m ca satatodyogo niriksyate | tathaiva sarvesvapi desesu sambhavyate | itthamava- natasya manusyasamajavisesasya kramena sidhyantimunnatimatreksya srstyarambhakalika- manusyasamane'pi prathamato'vanatatayah kramenonnatipraptesca kalpanam kalpakanam kupa- mandukasa dharmatamevavedayati srstyarambhakalikanam manusyanamunnatatvamavanatatvam va tattanmanupyasamane aptapurusaparamparaya labdhaprasaram dharanamanurudhyaiva nirneyam | tatra krtadikramena yugaparivrtti pratipadayaddhayo vaidikanam dharmagranthavacanebhyah srstyarambhakalikamanusyasama nasyonnatikastharudhata tatah kramenavanatyunnaticakra- parivrttih satyapita bhavati | tatha ca manuh "anye krtayuge dharmastretayam dvapare pare | anye kaliyuge nrnam yugahrasanurupatah || " (manu0 1185 ) iti smaran krtopa- kramatvadyugapravrtteh srstyarambhe manusyasamajasya srestha dharmavalambitvadunnatim kramena saktihrasaderhatostadrsadharmanirvahanasiddhernimna kotika dharmarudhatvadavanatim punah krta-- yugapraptavunnatim ca sucayati | tatsiddham vedanam pramanye vedoditarthanam pramanikatve sampratipanne'pi udahrtesu "mahe yat pitra " "pita yatsvam duhitaramadhipkan " ityadisu mantresu duhitrgaminah piturdevatvena visesanattasya devarupatvasiddhessrstyarambhakalika- manusyarupatvasiddheh, pitrduhitrsamagamapratipadakanam mantrabrahmanavacananamaikaye tattadvacanoditatatradam sopasamhara purvametadvrttantayathatmyasya vedaniyatve ca nananyayaih siddhe sati esam mantranam brahmanaikavakyataya'gnyadityadinanarupadharasya prajapate- jagatpituh svasrstatvaduhitrtvena vyapadesyaya strilingasabdabodhyaya dyulokadevataya upah- kaladevataya'nyanyarupaya ca saha sampannasya mananamasya pratipadana eva

96 puranam- PURANA [Vol. VI., No. 1 tatparyavadharanat paroksavadamasritya pravrttanamesam mantranam sthulavacyarthaparatva- bhavat, manusyasrstiprakalikaprajapativrttantavisesaparanamesam mantranam sraksyamana- manusyavrttantaparatvayogat purvapaksisammatarthapratipadakatvabhavasyarthantaraparatvasya ca bahupramana siddhatvat purvapaksimatasvikare brahmanadrastrnam vipralambhakatvaprasanga ityadi dosaganonmesat, purvapaksikalpanaya atiprasangavahatvat, srstyarambhakalikamanusya- samajasusabhyataya bahupramanasiddhatvat esam mantranam srstyarambhakalika- manusyasamajapracalitacaravisesaparatvanirbandhe tatsabhyatanugunarthantaraparatvasya sambhavaccaite mantrah srtyarambhakalikamanusyasamajapravrttam pituh svaduhitrgamitvarupa- martham naiva pratipadayantiti sam |