Amplification of the Vedas by the Dharmasastra, Itihasa and Puranas

dharmasastretihasapurananam vedopabrmhanatvam  (pam. ke0 vi0 nilameghacarya, hanumanaghata, kasi) [Amplification of the Vedas by the Dharmasastra, Itihasa and Puranas] / 34-54.

[In this article the learned writer has explained how the Itihasa and the Puranas amplify the Veda, and has tried to show that the spirit of the Puranas is to take the arthavada portions of the Sruti in the literal sense and as real historical facts (and not as allegories), occuring and reoccuring in the same form in every Kalpa. The Mimamsakas, however, have disregarded this spirit of the Itihasa-Puranas, and have taken such historical portions of the Veda as gunavada or figurative statements. The writer has criticised this gunavada explanation of the Mimamsakas, and has shown how such portions of the Sruti have been amplified as true history by the Puranas. This kind of amplification is called the of the Veda by the Itihasa-Puranas. According to his view, to explain these portions of the Sruti, and the Akhyanas of the Puranas, which are based on Sruti, as allegories or metaphers is to misinterpret the Veda. He calls this tendency of the Mimamsakas and the modern Indologists as (deceiving the Veda). And, to explain the arthavada-portions of the Sruti, and the Akhyana-portions of the Itihasa Purana as historical facts is also the upabrmhana or amplification of the Veda by means of Itihasa Purana. ] "ime veda anantah ", "ananta vai vedah " iti hi sruyate | vedasakhah pariganayan bhagavan patanjalirbabhase ekasatamadhvaryusakhah sahasravarma samavedah, ekavimsatidha bahuvrcyam, navadha''tharvano vedah " iti | esu sasiraskesu vedesu siddhasadhyatmana dvividha bahavo'rthah pratipadyante | tatrabhyudayasadhanani nana-

Jan. 1962] dharmasastretihasapurananam vedopabrmhanatvam 35 vidhani kamyakarmani, akarananibandhanapratyavayaparihararthanyanekani nityanaimittika- karmani, abhyudayanihsreyasasadhanani tattadda batopasanaprabhrtini brahmopasanantani bahunyupasanani, moksasadhanibhuta brahmavidya ityadayo bahavah sadhyartha vidhiyante yesu pravrttiryujyate | anarthodarkani asatyavadanadini bahuni papakarmani nisidhyante, yebhyo nivrttiryujyate | param brahma paramatma purusottamastato jagatah srstisthitilaya brahmandani caturdasabhuvanani punyapapakarmaphalabhogabhumayo devatiryana- manusyasthavaratmana caturvidhani bhutani vigrahahaviradanakarmasannidhipritiphalapradanadi- nanavisesopeta devata ityadayo bahavah siddhartha vidhyarthavadamantrabrahmanopanisadadi- su vaidikesu bhagesu sampratipadyante | tatra samyogarupacodanakhyanamavisese nana- sakhoditani darsapurnamasadini karmani sandilyavidyadayo vidyascaikatvam pratipadyanta iti purvottaramimamsasiddham | nanasakhoditanam karmanam vidyanam caikyasya phalam nanvidameva yad anadhitasakhoditangani karmasu anadhitasakhoditanupasya- 1 1 . purvamimamsa a0 2, pa0 4, a0 2 | tatredam vicaritam yat- kathakakanva madhyamdinataittariyadisakhasu darsapurnamasakhyam karma vihitam | tatra samsayyate iha sakhabhedat karma bhidyate naveti | kim tavat praptam | sakhabhedat karma bhidyate | kutah karmabhedakanam namabhedadinam sattvat | tathahi - kathakakanvadiko namabhedah | karirivakyanyadhiyanah kecicchakhinobhumau bhunjate napare tatheti dharmabhedah | ekasyam sakhayam pathyamanah "ise tva " ityadayo mantrah palasasakhacchedadayah kriyasca sakhantare'pi tathaiva- dhiyanta iti punaruktih | atah sakhabhedat karmabheda iti purvapakse prapta ucyate, samyoga- rupacodanakhya'visesadekam karma | yadevaikasyam sakhayamagneyastakapatradiyagarupam sruyate tadevetaratrapi sruyata iti rupabhedah | " darsapurnamasabhyam yajeta " iti codanapyekarupa | "darsapurnamasau " iti karmanamapyekam | "svargakamah " itiphalasamyogo'pyekah | ato'- bhinnam karma | purvapaksa hetavastva nyayasiddhah | kathakadikam na karmanamah " kathakena yajeta " ityasravanat | kimtu tad manthanama | bhubhojanadiradhyayanadhmah natu karmangam | sradhye- trnam bhinnatvat tan prati punah punarvaktavyam bhavatiti punaruktirapyanyaya siddha | srato'nanyatha- siddharupapratyabhijnaya sakhabhede'pi karma na bhidyateitigamyate | uttaramimamsa a0 3, pa0 3, a0 1 | tatredam vicaryate | kim sarvesu vedrantesu sruyamana vharadividya eka uta vidyantaramiti samsayah | avisesapunah, sravanasya prakaranantarasya ca vidyabhedahetoh sattvadvidyantaramiti purvapaksah | codanaphala- samyogarupakhyanamavisesadvidyaikyam | pratipattabhedatpunah sravanamupapadyate | | prakaranantaramapi nastiti siddhantah || | ataeva

36 puranam -- PURANA [ Vol. IV, No. 1 gunan vidyasu copasamhrtya karmanam vidyanam canusthanam karyamiti | atremascintah pravartante yad ekadvasakhadhitina'rvagdrsa purusena sakhantaroditanyangani gunasca katham nama jnayeran ? kathamtaram ca tadupasamharapurvam karmani vidyascanusthiyeran ? vividhasu sakhasu tatra tatra viprakirnataya pratipadita varnasramadharmadayo dharma adharmasca ekadvasakhadhitina katham nu sakalyena jnayeran ? katham ca purvottaramimam- sayoh sthalipulakanyayena karmabrahmakandasthani kanicitsamdigdharthakani vacana- nyudahrtya tatra purvapaksanirasapurahsaram siddhantasthapanenartho nirnite'pi anudahrtanam sandigdharthakanam bahunam vacananamartho nirniyeta ? iti | asmin cintaprasange samadhanarthamevedam vacanam pravadrte "itihasapuranabhyam vedam samupabrmhayet | bibhetyalpa- srutadva do mamayam pratarediti || " iti | atretihasapuranagrahanam dharmasastrana- mapyupalaksanam | anena vacanena dharmasastra tihasapuranairvedasyopabrmhanam karyamiti vidhiyate | upabrmhanam nama svavagatavedarthasya vyaktikaranam | yatha vedena "aharahah sandhyamupasita " iti vihitasya sandhyopasanasya sarirasuddhiprakaradanta- dhavanasnanadivisesaih saha niskarsah kriyate, tatha'jnatavisesaih saha svavagatasya sarvasya vedarthasya niskarsah karyah | ayam ca niskarso viditasakalavedatadarthamnam viditaveditavyanamadhigatayathatathyanam paravarajnanam svayogamahimasaksatkrtavedatattva- rthanamadhyaksitadharmanam maharsinam vakyaireva kartum yujyate | tat siddham sakalaveda- sakhapratipadya mahanto 'rtharasaya ekadvasakhasravanamatrena durjnana iti smrtisa- bdabhidheyairdharmasastretihasapuranairvedasyopabrmhanam karyameveti | mantrabrahmanarthavadamayananta vedah samkirna viprakirnah kacit kadacidu- rasannasca| sampratam bharate upadasa eva vedasakhah samupalabhyante | tatra krtsna- vedino manvadayoma harsayastattadda sakalavisesesu akkrtsnavedisu sambhavitasya tattvajnana- karmanusthanayorviplavasya prasamanartham svanubhutan vedarthan dharmasastretihasapurana- rupesu smrtigranthesu yathavannibabandhuh | ebhirevopabrmhanairanadivacam vedanamartha- nirnayah kartum sakyate | ima vedamulah smrtayastrividhah, dharmasastretihasapurana- bhedat ata evetihasapuranavacananyabhisandhaya "smaryate ca " "api smaryate " "smrtesrca " iti sutrani pranayisata bhagavata badarayanena | tatretihasapurane aduraviprakarsadekasmin vidyasthane nivisete | brahmanamantrarthavadamulesupabrmhanesu

Jan. 1962] dharmasastretihasapurananam vedosa brmhanatvam 37 dharmasastretihasapuranesu dharmasastram bahulyena karmakandasyopabrmhanam, itihasapurane brahmakandasyopabrmhane | smrtisabdabhidheyanamesam trayanam pramanyam yena yujyate tatraite hetavah, (1) esamupalabhyamanasrutibhih sahaviralah samvada upalabhyate, (2) srutinamivaipamapi sistamahajanaparigrahah samasti, (3) "sahovaca vyasah parasaryah "" "yadvai kimcana- manuravadattadbhesajam " ityadisrutibhirevaitatkartrnam manuparasaraparasaryadinamaptatvam khyapyate, (4) te te smartarah svasvasmrtih srutimulah pratijanate | ata ebhirhetubhih smartrbhirucyamanam smrtinam srutimulatvam sraddheyameveti smrtinam pramanyam phalati | kim ca, srutitaresam mulatvayogadapyesam srutimulatvam sidhyati | tathahi- na tavadindriyamesam mulam bhavitumarhati | na hi smrtipratipadyesvalaukikesvarthesu indriyani pravartitum pragalbhante | napyanumanam tatra pravartitumutsahate, bhuyo darsane- naivanvayavyatirekavyaptyorgrahyatvat tatra pratyaksasya nivrttavanumanamapi hi nivarteta | napi laukikam vakyam tanmulam bhavitumarhati tasya pratyaksanumanamulatvattannivrttau nivrttireva dyaucityakotimatikate | napi bhramastasya mulam bhavitumarhati tatha satyevam mahajanaparigraho nopapadyeta | napi bhavanamulam, ajnate bhavanaya aprasarat, jnate bhavana, bhavanaya smrtih, smrtya jnanamiti cakrakakakacapatacca | athocyeta srutya jnane jate bhavanotpadyate, taya ca smrtiriti, tarhi smrtinam srutimulatvameva phalatiti samihitasiddhih | tatsiddham srutimulatvatsmrtinam pramanyamavicalyamiti | tadittham siddhapramanyairdharmasastretihasapuranairvedarthavisadikaranarupam vedopabrmhanam karyam, anyatha "vimetyalpa tadvedo mamayam pratarisyati 'ti pratipadito vedaprata- ranarupah pratyavaya apadyeta | vedasya prataranam nama tadabhipretaviparitarthavarnanameva | tannivrttirevopabrmhanasya drstam prayojanam | yaditihasapurane ananurudhya svamanisayaiva svecchaya vedartha visadikriyeran, tarhi vedanabhipreta artha api vedarthatvena 1 . "sahovaca " ityadi | taittariyaranyake 128 || 2 . "yadvai kimcana " ityadi | taittariya samhita 2|2|10|2||

38 puranam- PURANA [Vol. IV, No. 1 prakhyapyeran iti sambhavyate vedanam pratarana | evam vedanabhipretanevarthan visadayanto vedapurusasya sevaka bhavemetyetadartham dharmasastretihasapuranaireva vedopabrmhanam karyam | tathatve eva yathavasthita vedartha lokasya samaksamupasthapayitum sakyeran, nanyatha | itihasapurananurodhena vedananupavr hayatam svairam vedavyakhyane pravrttanam drstayo vedanabhipretarthanamapi vedarthatvena prakhyapane vyapriyeran, tathavidha vyakhyatarastadanuyayinasca tamonisthah sampadyeranniti vedabahyasmrtinirvisesam kudrstirapi bhagavan manurnindati- "ya vedabahya smrtayo yasca kasca kudrstayah | sarvasta nisphalah pretya tamonisthasca tah smrtah " ॥' iti | manorasayam vivrnvadbhirabhiyuktairapi bhagavatstutimisenadyate- "citram vidhervilasitam tvidamavirasti dustatmanamayamaho kila durvipakah | yat kecidatrabhavatim srutimasrayanto'pyarthe kudrstivinivistadhiyo vinastah " || 2 "bahyah kudrstaya iti dvitaye'pyaparam ghoram tamah samupayanti nahise tan | jagdhasya kananamrgaimrgatrsnikepsoh kasarasatya nihatasya ca ko visesah " || "nyayasmrtiprabhrtibhirbhavata nissrstairvedopabrmhanavidhavucitairupayaih | srutyarthamarthamiva bhanukarairvi bhejustvadbhaktibhavita vikalmasasemusikah " || iti "mayam na seve bhadram te na vrtha dharmamacare | 3 suddhabhavam gato bhaktya sastradvadmi janardanam " ॥" iti samnayoktaritya bhagavadbhaktisahakrtopabrmhanaireva yathavasthito bedartho'vagantum sakyata iti sidhyati | manupyanamalpasrutatvatsakalavedasakhagata vakyarthajnanasya duhsampadatamitihasapuranakartrnam mahisanamitarapeksaya vilaksanam mahimanam sarvaveda- sakhajnanam cabhyupayadbhirvedapramanyapratisthapakaih purvamimamsakairapi viditasakalaveda- tadarthamaharsipranitairitihasapuranairvedopabrmhanam karyamityayamarthah svikriyate ata eva 1 . " ya vedabahyah " ityadi | manusmrti sra0 120 65 || 2 . "citram vidheh " ityadi | srikuresaviracite vaikunthastave || 13 || 3 . "bahyah kudrstayah " ityadi | vaikunthastave 14 || 4 . "nyayasmrti " ityadi | vaikunthastave 15 || 5 . "mayam na seve ' ityadi | mahabharate udyogaparvani sra0 68 | cho0 5 ||

Jan. 1962] dharmasastretihasapurananam vedopabrmhanatvam 39 mimamsakamurdhanyena khandadevena "manvadinam tu sambhavati viditasakalavedatattvarthanam nyayanirnayakatvamiti asmadadyanugrahartham smrtipranayanamiti siddhantyate | srutismrtitihasapurananam pramanyamabhyupayanta eva purvamimamsaka api vedanam tatra tatranityarthapratipadakatvannityatvam na yujyata iti vedapramanyavisayai rbahyaih kriyamanasyaksepasya tesamarthanam pravahanityatabhyupagamena supariharatve'pi "abhistartha- vyayenapi jayati ksetraharinam | labdhaksetrairna dusprapah syadartham iti niscayat || " iti nyayena gudhabhiprayena samadhanartham pravrttastesam vacananam nityarthapratipadakatva- pratitisthapayisaya itihasapuranopabrmhitavedabhipretarthaviparitarthaparatam vyacaksana- statha vedatatparyaviruddhan bahun raddhantan sthapayanto vedapratarane pravartante | itthamitihasapuranopeksapurvakam svamanisaya vedarthavisadikarane pravrttanam vedapramanya- paksapatinam purvamimamsakanamapi samapatati vedapratarakatve, kimu vacyamadhunikanam svairam puranetihasopeksanena svamanisaya vedavyakhyane pravartamananam vidusam sirasi vedapratarakatvadosah samapatati | atra vedanamaparthakalpanena purvamimamsakaih krtah kascidvedaprataranah sthali pulakanyayenodahriyante | (1) vedapramanyasamarthane pravrttah purvamimamsakah "na kadacidanidrsam jagat, sada jagaditthameva pravartamanam vartate, nagatah srstisthitipralaya na bhavanti, upanisa- dbhirjagatsrstisthitipralayalila isvaro na pratipadyate, upanisadah karmasesabhutasya kartu - ratmano yathatmyasya pratipadane tatparah, etatatparyanurodhenaivopanisadamartho varnaniyah " iti siddhantamatisthamana upanisadah karmasesabhutatmayathatmyaparataya vyacaksate | itihasapuranopeksa napurva mimamsakaih kriyamanamidamupanisadvyakhyanam vedabhipretartha- viparitarthanisthatvattesam vedapratarakatamanaksaramavedayati | "etadyonini bhutani sarvanityupadharaya | aham krtsnasya jagatah prabhavah pralayastatha || " "mama'dhyaksena prakrtih suyate sacaracaram | " "sarvabhutani kaunteya prakrtim yanti mamikam | kalpaksaye punastani kalpadau visrjamyaham || "

40 40 puranam - PURANA [Vol. IV, No. 1 "yo mamajamanadi ca vetti lokamahesvaram | asammudhah sa martyesu sarvapapaih pramucyate " || "aham sarvasya prabhavo mattah sarvam pravartate " || "visnoh sakasadudbhutam nagat tatraiva ca sthitam | sthitisamyamakarta'sau nagato'sya jagacca sah " || ityadinyupabr hanavacanani tadupa hitani | "mayam tu prakrti "samyuktametatksaramaksaram ca vyaktavyaktam bharate visvamisah | " " "ksaram pradhanamamrtaksaram harah ksaratmanavisate deva ekah | " 3 "ksaram tvavidya mrtam tu vidya vidyavidye isate yastu so'nyah | " "asmanmayi srnate visvametattasmiscanyo mayaya sanniruddhah | 4 vidyanmayinam tu mahesvaram | " "tamisvaranam paramam mahesvaram tam devatanam paramam ca daivatam | patim patinam paramam parastadvidama devam bhuvanesamidyam || " "na tasya karyam karanam ca vidyate na tatsamascabhyadhikasca vidyate | para'sya saktirvividhaiva sruyate svabhaviki jnanabalakriya ca ||17 "sa karanam karanadhipadhipo na casya kascijjanita na cadhipah || "" ityadinyupanisadvacanani ca mahata tatparyena nikhilajagatsrstisthitibhangadi- lilam sarvesvaram kriyasamabhiharena pratipadayanti | imani parah sahasranyupanisa- dvacananyupeksya purvamimamsakaih karmasesabhutatmaparatayopanisadam visadikaranam tesam vedapratarakatam sphutayati | 1 . "samyuktametat ' ityadi | 2 . "ksaram pradhanam " ityadi | 3 . "ksaram tvavidya " ityadi | 4 . "asmanmayi " ityadi sve0 svetasvataropanisadi 0 1 | mam 8 || svetasvatare a 1 | mam 10 || sveta0 a0 5 | mam 1 || a0 4 mam 6 || 5 . "mayam tu " ityadi | sve0 pra0 4 | mam 10 || 6 . "tamisvaranam " ityadi sve0 pra0 6 mam 7 || 7 "na tasya '" ityadi | sve0 a0 6 | mam 6 || 8 . "sa karanam " ityadi sve0 0 6 | mam 6 || E, "itihasapuranabhyam ' ityadi | barhaspatyasmrtau mahabharate ca || 6 .

Jan. 1962] dharmasastretihasapurananam vedopabrmhanatvam (2) purvamimamsadevatadhikaranavyakhyane pravrttah purvamimamsakah "vigraho haviradanam yugapatkarmasannidhih | pritih phalapradanam ca devatanam na yujyate || " 41 iti devatanam vigrahadipancakam nisedhantah karmanam kartrgunabhutapurvadvara phalasadhanatam devatapritidvara phalasadhanatvabhavam catisthamanah svarasato devatavigrahadi- pratipadakatvena pratiyamananam mantrarthavadanam devatavigrahadavatatparyam vyavasyantastadanurodhena mantrarthavadanarthantaraparataya yadvayacaksate yatra devatavigrahadi- kamapalapanti tatra heturitihasapuranananurodhena vedarthavisadikarane pravrttireva | itihasapurane atantrikrtya svairam vedarthavisadikarane pravrttatvadeva te anyaparavakya- pratipaditanamapyarthanamabadhitatvatsatyatve'bhyupagamaniye sati tesam satyatvamanicchanto devatavigrahadikamapalapanto'rdhanastikasabdavyapadesyah samapatsata | yadi te itihasapurananurodhena vedarthavisadikarane pravartsyan, tarhi mantrarthavadapramita- mavadhitam devatavigrahadikam na nyasedhisyan | itihasapuranesu devatanam vigrahadi- pancakam praspastam pratipadayanti parassahasranyupakhyanani laksyante | itihasapuranesu srstiprakarane devatiryanmanusyasthavaratmana caturvidha bhutasrstirnigadyate, ato'pi devatanam vigrahadimattvam sidhyati | karmanimittakatattaddehendriya sambandhanibandhanameva hyatmanam devaditvam | na hyatmanam svato devaditvasambhavah | tatha ca visnupuranam- na pasurna ca padapah | "pumanna devo na naro sarirakrtibhedastu bhupaite tatha ca - karmayonayah || " iti | "devan bhavayatanena te deva bhavayantu vah | parasparam bhavayantah "kamaistaistairhatajnanah sreyah paramavapsyatha || " prapadyante 'nyadevatah | " 6 "devan devayajo yanti madbhakta yanti mamapi | " "ahamadirhi devanam maharsinam ca sarvasah | " "pasyadityan vasun rudranasvinau marutastatha | "

42 puranam - PURANA [Vol. IV, No. 1 "pasyami devamstava deva dehe sarvamstathabhutavisesasanghan | brahmanamisam kamalasanasthamrsimsca sarvanuragamsca divyan || " "rudraditya vasavo ye ca sadhya visve'svinau marutascosmapasca | gandharvayaksa surasiddhasangha viksante tvam vismitascaiva sarve || " ityebhirvedopabrmhanasribhagavadgita vacanairdevatanam vigrahadimatvam visadam pratiyate | etadrsopabrmhanopabrmhitaih "vajrahastah purandarah " "tenedro vajramudayacchat " "taddhobhaye devasura anububudhire te hocuh " "indro ha vai devanamabhipravatrana virocano'suranam, tau hasamvidanaveva samityani prajapatisakasama jagmatuh, tau ha prajapatiruvaca " "pratardano ha vai devoda sirindrasya priyam dhamopajagama yuddhena ca paurusena ca, tam hendra uvaca trisirsanam tvastramahanam, arunmukhan yatin salavrkebhyah prayaccham bahvih sandha atikramya divi prahadonatrnaham, antarikse pauloman prthivyam kalakanjan " ityadibhih karmabrahmakandasthairmantrarthavadarupairvacanairdevatanam vigrahadipancakam spastam pratipadyate | " idrsopabrmhanopata m hitasrutivacanasiddha devatanam vigrahadipancakam niraci- kirsantah purvamimamsaka imamstarkanupasthapayanta acaksate - naisam mantrarthavadanam devatavigrahadau tatparyam, mantranam karmavidhisesatvadanustheyarthaprakasana eva tatparyam, arthavadanam ca karmavidhisesatvadvihitanam karmanam prasastyabodhana eva tatparyam, ato'nyaparairmantrarthavadaih pratipadyamanamapi devatavigrahadipancakam pramanika mityakhyatu m na yujyate, "yatparah sabdah sa sabdarthah " iti nyayaditi | upabr mhananusarena srutyarthavisadikarane pravrtta vipascito mimamsakanamiman tarkan tarkabhasan abhiprayanta acaksate - karmasesabhutanamapi mantrarthavadanam devatavigrahadavavantaratatparyam yuktamabhyupagantum, karmasu viniyukta mantrastatra svastha tatra kimcitkaratvasampattyarthamanustheyamartham prakasayanti, itthamanustheyarthaprakasane vyaprta mantra devatadigatavigrahadivisesanabhidadhana eva tatra kincit kurvanti | mantrairdevatadigate vigrahadivisese'pratipadite devatadhyanameva na nirvarteta, na hi nirvisesa devata dhiyamadhirodhumalam | ato devatasmaranadvara karmasu kincitkurvantam mantranam devatavigraha-

Jan. 1962] dharmasastretihasapurananam vedopabrmhanatvam 43 davavantaratatparyam nantariyakam sidhyati | evam karmaradhyadevatagunaprakasana- dvara karmaprasamsaparanamarthavadanam "vayurve ksepistha devata " ityadinam prasastyopa- yuktadevatagunesvapi tatparyam sidhyati, satam gunanam pratipadane hi stutitvam samgaccheta | asatam gunanam kathanena hi abhijnasya prarocana kartum na sakyate | pratipannasyapi abadhitasyarthasya pramanikatvam hyabhyupagantum yuktam | api ca, ksanapradhvamsinah karmanah katham kalantarabhaviphalasadhanatvamiti vicare upasthite- anyaparavakya- " labhate ca tatah kaman mayaiva vihitan hi tan | " sarvabhutanam hrdese'rjuna tisthati | sarvabhutani yantrarudhani "isvarah amayan mayaya || " "tameva saranam gaccha sarvabhavena bharata | "tesam satatayuktanam tatprasadatparam santi sthanam prapsyasi sasvatam || " bhajatam pritipurvakam | dadami buddhiyogam tam yena mamupayanti te || " "maccittah sarvadurgani matprasadattarisyasi | " "tanaham dvisatah kruran samsaresu naradhaman | ksipamyanasramasubhanasurisvesa yonisu || " ityadyupavr ' hanavacanai retadupabr mhitaih "vayurvai ksepistha devata vayumeva svena bhagadheyenopadhavati, sa evainam bhutim gamayati " " sa enam pritah prinati " ityadibhih srativacanaih karmanam devatesvarapritikopadvara istanistaphalasadhanatvamityavagamyate | kim ca, "yaja devapuja samgatikaranadanesu " ityukteryanadhatordevatapujavacitvam sarva- sampratipannam | puja ca pritihetubhutah sevavisesa iti prasiddham | atah saksad devatadvara va yajnadyaradhito bhagavan samprasannah saksaddadevatadvara va phalam prayacchatiti sopabrmhanasrutisiddham | vidhyapeksite isvarasamkalpatmani dvare srutyaiva samarpite sati apurvabhidhanam kimcid dvaram na kalpaniyam | vidhyapeksitasyarthavada- pratipannasyarthasyangikara eva yuktah | ata eva ratrisatre arthavadikam pratisthakhyam phalam svikriyate | svargakamo yajetetyadau svargasvarupe vidhivakyapratipanne'pi tatprakara jijnasayam-

44 puranam - PURANA [Vol. IV, No. 1 "yanna duhkhena sambhinnam na ca grastamanantaram | abhilasopanitam ca tatsukham svahpadaspadam || " ityarthavadapratipannastatpratikaravisesah svikriyate | tathaiva prakrte 'pi sopa- brhanasrutisiddham devatesvarapritikoparupameva dvaram svikartavyam, na tvapurvam kalpayitum yuktam | kim ca, anyaparavakyapratipannasyanapeksitasyarthasya nirbadhatve tattvikatva- meva svikartum yujyate, arthavadamantrapratipaditasya vidhyapeksitasya nirbadhasya devata- vigrahadestattvikatvam kimpunarnyayasiddham | itihasapurananurodhena vedopabrmhanama- kurvantah srutipratipannannirvadhan devatavigrahadikanarthanapalapantah purvamimamsakah "mamayam pratarisyati " iti vacanasya visaya bhavantityatra na samdehah sruyate (3) "barhisi rajatam na deyam " iti nisedhasya sesatvenayamarthavadah sra "so'rodit, yadarodit tadrudrasya rudratvam, yada asiryata tadnatam hiranyamabhavat pura'sya samvatsarad grhe rudanti yo barhisi rajatam dadati " iti | asyayamarthah- agnirupo rudro'rodit tasya tadasru papata tadvanatam hiranyamabhavat agnyasru prabhavam rajatam yage rajatam na deyamiti | etadarthavadoditarthavisaye sabarabhasye "katham punararudatyarodiditi bhavati ? katham va 'nasru prabhave ranate'sruprabhavamiti vacanam ? pura'sya samvatsaradasati rodane katham bhavatiti " ityanupapattimasankaya " gunavadastu | gauna ete sabdah, rudra iti rodananimittasya sabdasya darsanat "yadarodit " ityucyate | varnasarupyannindan anasru prabhavamityaha, nindanneva ca dhanatyage duhkhadarsanatpura'sya samvatsarad grhe rodanam bhavatityaha " iti samadhiyate | vartike idam bhasyam "asru nasca saukyadyadi namaitat kathinam bhavet tato rajata- sadrsam bhavedityutpreksya tatprabhavaninda | dhanatyagenatyantodarasyapi grhananah pidyata iti tatsamanyadva rodanopanyasah " || iti vitriyate | tantravartike sabarabhasye casyarthavadasya visaye krteyam vyakhya upabrmhanananusarini kalpana- matra prasuteti yathopavahanam vedan vyacaksananam vaidikanam cittam na ranjayati | sabarabhasyollikhitah sanka vaidika evam samadadhatena tavadrudrasya rodanamasambhavi, satapathabrahmanadau rudrarodanasya sahetukam pratipaditatvat | satapathe castamurti- brahmane prathamamse "samvatsare kumaro'jayata, so'rodit, tam prajapati- tantra-

Jan. 1962] dharmasastretihasapurananam vedopabrmhanatvam 45 rabravit, kumara kim rodisi yacca mama tapaso'dhinato 'siti, so'bravit, anapahatapapma va ahamasmi, hanta namani me dehiti, tasmatputrasya jatasya nama kuryat papmanamevasya tadapahanti, api dvitiyam, api trtiyam, api purvamevasya papmanamapahanti, tamabravidradro'siti, tasya tannamakarota, agnistadrupamabhavat, agnirvai rudrah, yadarodit tadrudrah " ityadi sruyate | seyam srutirvisnupurane upabrhyate- "kathitastamasah sargo brahmanaste rudrasargam pravaksyami tam me kalpadavatmanastulyam sutam mahamune | nigadatah srnu | pradhyayatastatah | pradurasit prabhoranke kumaro nilalohitah | ruroda susvaram so'tha dravamsca munisattama | kim rodisiti tam brahma rudantam pratyuvaca ha | nama dehiti tam so'tha pratyuvaca prajapatih | rudrastvam devanamna'si ma rodih sthairyamavaha | | evamuktah punah so'tha pratyuvaca mahatapah | tato'nyani dadau tasmai sapta namani sa prabhuh | sthanani caisamastanam patnih putramsca vai vibhuh || " iti | prakrte rudrasabdanirdistasyagnerdevagana nisciptadhanapratyarpananah soko rodanaheturiti- pramanasiddham | ato rudrasyajhe rodanamasambhaviti vaktu m na sakyate | asarirasyah katham rodanatha patadiriti cet, devata vigrahadermantrarthavada- siddhatvanna kasciddosah | tadasruno rajatarupena parinamo nanupapannah, pratiniyata- vastusakteraparyanuyojyatvat | drsyate hi dravadeh parinamavisesavasat kathinyam karakadau, tadvat prakrte'pi bhavisyati | gomayavrscikadinyayena vilaksanadapyasra no rajatotpattiryujyate | trnaranimaninagnisu agninatiyogavadasru prabhavanasru prabhava- rajatayorekara natatvajatiyogo'pyupapadyate | sabdapramanakasyarthasya sabdetarapramanena badhanamatiprasangamavahet | dravyavisesanam tattaddhaturupena parinamo'nyatrapi dasyate | rudrasarirasya taiksnyat sarvadhatupadanatvamupapannam | vakti ca bhagavan valmikih

46 puranam - PURANA [Vol. IV, No. 1 parvatipaterviryena tamradisarvadhatutpattim | tadyatha-- mahatenah srotobhyo'pi tadanagha | "utsasarja yadasya nirgatam tasmattaptajambunadaprabham | kancanam dharanim praptam hiranyamamalam subham | tamram karsnayasam caiva taiksnyadevabhyajayata | malam tasyabhavattatra trapu sosakameva ca | " iti | asruprabhavam rajatam svakarananugunyenasru pataheturbhavatiti yaducyate, tatrapi na kapyanupapattih | yatha krttikagnyadhanadergrhadahadyastihetutvam, tatha yage rajatadanasyapyanistahetutvamupapadyate | ato rajatadanasyanistahetutvam "barhisi rajatam na deyam " iti nisedhe tathaivopayujyate, yatha apagoranasya satayatanasadhanatvam " tasmad brahmanaya napagureta " iti nisedhe upayujyate | kvacinniyatakale phaladarsanam tu prabalakarmantarapratibaddhatvatsamadhaniyam | tadevamitihasapurananu- rodhenopabrhyamano'yamarthavadastattvikarthaparataya vyakhyatum sakyate, asya gunavadasrayanena mimamsakaih krtam vyakhyanamupabrmhanananugunatvadanadaraniyatameva gahate | kim ca, rudrarodanadisambhavasya sapramanam sadhitatvacca "katham punararudatyarodiditi bhavati " "katham va'nasruprabhave rajate'sru prabhavamiti vacanam " iti sabarabhasyoditau prasnau yathopabr mhanam susamadhanaviti gunavada- srayanamanupapannameva | "pura'sya samvatsaradgrhe rudanti "tyasya " dhanatyage duhkhadarsanatpura'sya samvatsarad grhe rodanam bhavatityaha " iti vyakhyane pravrttena sabarasvamina "dhanatyagenatyantodarasyapi grhajanah pidyata iti tatsamanyadva rodanopanyasah " iti tadvivarane pravrttena bhattapadena ca nunamayamarthavadah prahasanakotau nivesita ityeva vaktavyam bhavati | yadi dhanatyage duhkhadarsadranatamadaksinyamadeya- mityucyeta, tarhi tato'pi prakrstasyanyasya daksinyatvena vidhanam katham nu samgaccheta | kim rajatadapi prakrstasya vastuno daksinatvena dane datustadanubandhinam cadhikam duhkham na nayeta ? atah krttikagnyadhanadeh grhadahadyanistakaranatvat tattvikameva yage rajatadanasya rodanadyanistakaranatvamanena vakyena pratipadyata ityeva mantu yuktam | tat siddhamasyarthavadasya gunavadamasritya mimamsakaih krtam vyakhyana-

Jan. 1962] dharmasastretihasapurananam vedopabrmhanatvam 47 mupabr mhanaviruddhatvadvedapratarane eva paryavasyati, upabrmhananusarena yathavasthitartha- parataya vyakhyanameva samanjasamiti | , (4) vede "yah prajakamah pasukamah syat sa evam prajapatyam tuparamala - bheta " ityasya vidheh sesatvena "sa atmano vapamudakkhidat "ityadirarthavadah srayate | asminnarthavade prajapatina''tmabapotkartanam tasya agnau praharanam tatastupara- pasorutpattirityadirarthah pratipadyate | itihasapuranabhyam prajapatirlokottarasakti- manavagamyate, itihasapurananusarenayamarthavado yathavasthitarthaparo vyakhyatum sakyate | lokottarasaktimata prajapatina''tmavapotkartanam kartanottaramapi jivanam tasya agnau praksepastatah karmaprabhavat tuparapasutpattirityadikam sarvam tattvikameva | prajapatirhi alaukikasaktimanitihasapuranayoh prathate | karmastutyarthamanenarthavade- nedam sarvam varnyate | prajapatervapayamagnau prahrtamatrayamajastupara utthitah ittham kila bahavah pasava udbabhuvuh, tadidam karmanah samarthyamiti karma stutam bhavati | tuparasya prajapatyatvamapyupapaditam bhavati | itthamayamarthavada itihasapuranaprati- panna prajapatimahimanurodhena yathavasthitarthaparo vyakhyatum sakyata iti siddham | evam satyasyarthavadasya visaye sabarabhapye "katham punaranutkhinnayam vapayam prajapati- ratmano vapamudakkhidadityaha " iti paricodya " ucyate asadvrttantanvakhyanam stutyarthena prasamsaya gamyamanatvat " iti samadhanam "vrttantanvakhyane'pi vidhiya- mane adimattadoso vedasya prasajyeta " iti vrttantanvakhyanapakse dusanam tatha "katham punaridam niralambanamanvakhyayate " iti paricodya ucyate "nityah kascidarthah prajapatih syat, vayurakasa adityo va, sa atmano vapamuda kkhidaditi drsti vayum rasmi va, tamagnau pragrhnat vaidyute ase laukike va, tato'na ityanam bijam virudva, tamalabhya tamupayujya pranah pasunapnotiti gaunah sabdah " iti prabandhasyasyarthavadasya gunavadasrayanena gaunarthaparataya vyakhyanam ca yatkrtam, tadidam sarvamitihasapuranoditaprajapatibhavaviruddhatvadanadeyameva | ittham kusaka- savalambanena vyakhyanapeksaya citrakathavastunamiva mithyatvasrayanameva jyayah, na hi citrakathayam kincidalambanam kalpyate, na va''lambanakalpane vivaksitasya rasade- rasiddhih, evamihapi alambanakalpane'pi vivaksitam stutyadikam setsyatiti kusa-

48 puranam - PURANA [Vol. IV, No. 1 kasavalambanenalambanakanamanavasyakam | ato'sya dosasya pariharayetihasapurana- pratipannaprajapatimahimanusarenasyarthavadasya tattvikarthaparataya vyakhyanameva sobhate | ata eva sanusayena vartikakrta bhattapadenoktam "mantrarthavadetihasapuranapramanyat srstipralayavisyete, tatra srstyadau prajapatireva yogi tasmin kale punyakarmodbhava- bhyupagamena pasunamabhavatsvamahatmyenatmanameva pasumabhinirmaya vapotkhananadi krtavan, tato'samapta eva karmani tuparapasurutthitah, idrsam ca karma pratyasannaphalam, evam ca prajapatina caritamiti sarvam satyameva, pratisrsti cartu linganyayena tulyanamaprabhava- vyaparavastutpatternanityataprasanga " iti | tatsiddhamasyarthavadasya bhattapadasamgatamupa- brhananukulam purvoktam tattvikarthaparataya vyakhyanamevadaraniyatam bhajate, na tupabr hana- pratikulam sabaram vyakhyanamiti | (5) "adityah prayaniyascaruraditya udayaniyascaruh " ityasya vidheh sesa- bhuto'yam "deva vai devayajanamadhyavasaya diso na prajanan " ityadirarthavadah | anenarthavadena devadinmohasamanahetutvenestih stuyate | devadinmohapratipadakamidam vakyamrtvigdinmohaparataya "karmasu kausalena divyantiti deva rtvijah, te devayajanadhyavasananantaram darsapurnamasayoranabhyastam saumikam karmarasimalokya katha- maviditam karisyama ityakulibhavasamanyaddinmohabhidhanam " iti vyakhyayate | paratvasyarthavadasyedam visadikaranamupaba ' hanananugunyanmukhyarthabadhabhave'pi gaunartha- valambanena pravrttesca yathavasthitarthavyanjakam na bhavatityanadaraniyatam bhajate | ati- sayitajnanasaktinamapi devanam srjyacaturvidhabhutantah patitvat karmavasyatvacca vatsaharanadau caturmukhasyeva kadacidudbhutarajasta modosavasaddinmohasambhave virodhabha- vadvastavikadevadinamohaparatvenapi vyakhyatum sakyate | atra devanam devaya- janadhyavasanam dinmohahetutvena na vyapadisyate | tatha pratipadane hi anyesu dinmohanupalambhena virodhasankonmiset | kim tu devayajanadhyavasananantaram tesam kalavisese svakaranaddinmoho'bhut sa canena karmana santi nitah, itthamidam karma prasastam, atah kartavyamiti kileha vivaksitam | asmadadivisaye'pyasya karmano mohasamanahetutvena kascidvirodhah, na hi nivartaniyena mohena tadatvikena bhavyamiti niyamah, kalantare bhavatah samanamadayapi mohasamanahetutvam suvacam | ,

Jan. 1962] dharmasastretihasapurananam vedosabrmhanatvam 49 itthamayamarthavado gunavadamanasrityopavu hanamanusrtya vyakhyatum sakyatve'pi purvamimamsakairupaca hanopeksanapurvam gunavadamasritya vyakhyayamano vyakhyatrnam " mamayam pratarisyati " iti dosabhajanatam khyapayati | (6) "kim te krnvanti kikatesu gavo nasiram duhe na tapanti dharmam | anobharapramagandasya vedo naicasakham maghavan randhayanah " iti mantrasya svarasa- siddho'yamartho yat - 'he maghavan indra ! kikatesu kikatanamakesu desesu gavah kim kurvanti na kimcidapyupakaram kurvantityarthah | tadevopapadyate -- asiram pravargyartham payo na duhanti, gharmam pravargyartham ghrtam na dapayanti, ghrtopayuktam ksiram na prayacchanti, taddesasthanam nastikatvat | pramagandasya kikatadhipate raja़ो yadvedo dhanamasti tat asmakam naicasakham abhara randhaya vardhaya ceti ' | asya mantrasyayamarthah sabarasvamina "anityasamyoganmantranarthakyam " iti purvapaksasutre "kikata nama janapadah, naicasakham nama nagaram, pramagando nama raja " iti sabdairanudyate | anena sutrena pramagandarajavrttadyanityarthasamyogena mantranamanityata prapnotiti prapite purvapakse "uktascanityasamyogah " iti sutram vaidikanam pravahanityakikatanai casakhanagarapramagandaranadyarthapratipadakatvadanityasamyogah purvadhikarana nirnitanyayena parihrta ityevamarthakam vyakhyaya suparihare satyapi anityarthasamyogadosavaranartham bhattapadairayam mantra ittham klistagatya vyakhyayate "sarvalokasthah krpanah kikatah, pramagandah kusidadrttih, sa hi prabhutataramaga- misyatityevam dadati, ninasakhah pandah, tadiyam dhanam naicasakham, tacca sarvamayajnangabhutam tesam karmanyapravrttestadasmakamahareti, sesam gatartham " iti | evam ca vardhasikadayah pravahanitya iti nanityarthasamyoga iti bhattapadasyasayah | vastutastu prabhagandarajadayo'pyartha indradidevatavahatu linganyayena pravahato nitya iti siddhantamasthaya svarasikarthe svikrte'pi anityarthasamyogarupadosah supariharah, "suryacandramasau dhata yathapurvamakalpayat " iti sruteh | "yathartusvrtulingani nanarupani paryaye | drsyante tani tanyeva tatha bhava yugadisu || " 7

50 50 " tatha'bhimanino deva puranam - PURANA nitastulyaste [Vol. IV, No. 1 sampratairiha | "9 devairatitairhi rupairnamabhireva ca || ' "yasmin yo yah puraklrpto yasmin dese yatha sthitih | tasya tasyanurupyena prajasargah pravartate || " "rsinam namadheyani yasca vedesu drstayah | sarvaryante prasutanam tanyevaibhyo dadatyanah || " kascidvirodhah | ityadyupatra hanavacananam ca paryalocane devanamrsinam desanam tadadhipati- namanyesam ca yathapurvam srsteh siddheruparyukta mantrapratipadyakikatadesanai casakhapramaganda- rajadinam pravahanityatve na kascidvirodhah | uparyuktopabrmhanadyanusarena svarasikarthaparataya tasmin mantre vyakhyatavye sati klistagatimasritya vadhusikadyartha- parataya yadvyakhyanam krtam, tadupabrmhanananugunatvatkalpanikatvaccanadaraniyam | (7) vede "ahalyayai nara " iti mantrena indro'halya naratvena varnyate | asyahalya jaratvarupendravrttapratipadanaparatve'nityarthasamyogah syaditi syaditi manvanaih kaiscidvidvadbhih "ahni liyata ityahalya ratrih, tasya naro jaranahetuh suryah " iti vyakhyayate | ahalyendravrttantasya pravahanityatamabhyupagamya yathopavahanam svara sarthaparatayaivayam mantro vyakhyatum yujyate | upabrmhane itihasasresthe srivalmikiramayane balakande astacatvarimse sarge ayamahalyendra vrttanta ittham varnyate | " gautamasya nrpasrestha purvamasinmahatmanah | asramo divyasamkaso surairapi supujitah || sa ceha tapa atisthadahalyasahitah pura | varsapuganane kamstu rajaputra mahayasah || tasyantaram viditva tu sahasraksah sacipatih | munivesadharo'halyamidam vacanamabravit || rtukalam pratiksante narthinah susamahite | samgamam tvahamicchami tvaya saha sumadhyame | munivesa ' sahasraksam vijnaya raghunandana | mati cakara durmedha devaraja kutuhalat || " iti |

Jan. 1962] dharmasastretihasapurananam vedopabrmhanatvam 51 idrsopaba ' hanaviruddham paraih krtam tasya mantrasya vyakhyanam tesu vedapratara- katvadosamasanjayedeva | ebhih saptabhirudaharanairidam sujnanam yaditihasapuranabhyam vedamanu pabrmhayadbhih svamanisaya vedavyakhyane pravrttairvidvadbhih katham katham vedanabhipretartha vedabhipretatvena vyakhyayanta iti | vedasirasi vedanabhipretartharopana nibandhanavedapratarakatva- dopapariharartham mevedamanusisyate " itihasapuranabhyam vedam samupabrmhayet " iti | kim ca, "kim te krnvanti kikatesu gavah " iti mantramarthantaraparataya vyacaksana panditastasmin mantre "ahalyayai nara " ityatra ca sabdasamyatpratiyamanam pramagandara jahalyadivrttantam srutyavivaksitam manyante, yatha ca "ahalyayai jara " ityadikamanyatha vyacaksate, tathaiva mantrarthavadairvedapurva bhagopanisadgataih pratiyamanan paramatmasrjyasuranaratiryagadivisesatadvrttantan api vedavivaksitan khyapayantah purvottarabhagagatamantrarthavadanarthantaraparataya vyacaksirannitihasapuranopabrmhananabhijnah svairavyakhyataraste vedapratarakah sampadyeranniti tatpariharartho'yamupabrmhanavidhih susthapa- padyate | tadidam sarvamabhisandhayaiva sriramanujacaryah sribhasye nijnasadhikarane mahasiddhante upabrmhanavasyakartavyatam samarthayamana babhasire " itihasapura- nabhyam vedam samupabrmhayet | bibhetyalpasratadvedo mamayam pratarisyati " | iti- sastrenarthasyetihasapuranabhyamupabrmhanam karyamiti jnayate | upabrahanam nama viditasakalavedatadarthanam svayogamahimasaksatkrta vedatattvarthanam vakyaih svavagataveda- vakyarthavyaktikaranam | sakalasakhanugatasya vakyarthasyalpabhagasravanadduhkhagama- tvena tena vina niscayayogadupavahanam hi karyameva " iti | athaitasya vivaranam prastuyate | atredamavadheyam | yadyapi dvino baturupanito'pi "svadhyayo 'dhyetavyah " iti vedantargatamadhyayanavidhi na janite, adhyayanottaram hi sa jnayeta | ataeva etadvidhyadhina tasyadhyayane pravrttirna bhavati, tathapi vidhyabhijnairhitaisibhih pitradibhih prerito'thava upanitanamadhyayananusthanam drstva svenapyupanitenadhyayanam karyamiti niscinvano'dhyayane pravartate | samskrtapracaradesavasadangadhyayanabalacca "darsapurna- masabhyam svargakamo yajeta ", "yannaduhkhena sambhinnam nacagrastamanantaram | abhilasopa- "

52 karmanam puranam - PURANA [Vol. IV, No. 1 "aksasyam nitam ca tatsukham svahpadaspadam || ", "apamasomamamrta abhuma ", ha vai caturmasyayajinah sukrtam bhavati " ityadibhih karmakandavacanaih nityaniratisayaphalakatve apatato'vagate "brahmavidapnoti param " "tamevam vidvanamrta iha bhavati " "kriyavanesam brahmavidam varisthah " "tamevam brahmana vividisanti yajnena danena tapasa'nasakena " ityadibhirbra- hmakandavacanaih karmakandavacanairanantaniratisaya phalajanakatve karmangakabrahmopasanasyapa- tato'vagate sati tannirnaye pravivrtsustrivarge prathamamavanyat vedanam karmopakramat karmanam niratisayaphalajanakatve kim tadangakena brahmopasaneneti cintanacca ragat prathamato dharmamimamsayam pravrttastato podasalaksanita avrttividhanadibhirhetubhih karmanamalpasthi- raphalakatvam viniscitya tato brahmopasanasya karmangakasya niratisayaphalajanakatvapata- pratitya preritastannirnayecchaya brahmamimamsayam pravrttastatah karmangakabrahmopasanasya nityaniratisayapavargarupajanakatvamavadharayati | tatto'dhiyamanasakhagatena "ananta vai vedah " iti vacanena vedanamanantyamavagatya cintayate adhitasakhato'navagatasta- daviruddha viruddhascarthah sakhantaresu syuh te katham nama jnayantam ? upabrmhanaireva te'rtha jnatum sakyante | kimca, "smrtesca " "api smaryamte " ityadibhirmimamsasutra- vijnayate vedarthanirnaya upavahanasapeksa iti | evam cintanena prerito'jnatavisesaih saha svavagatarthamniskarsartham ragata upabrmhanasravane pravartate | tatra purvabhagopavr hanesu dharmasastresu srutesu upanisadbhagopavahanabhutesu itihasapuranesvapi ragata eva pravartate manavakah | ittham nyayapraptamupabrmhanasya kartavyatvameva " itihasapuranabhyam vedam samupabrhayet | bibhetyalpasrutadvedo mamayam pratarisyati " ityanena vidhicchayena vacanenanudyate | ayameko'sya vacanasya nirvahaprakarah | aparastu - kascinmanavaka evam manyate yat itihasapurane hi vedantopabr hane ganyete | tayoh sravanam napeksyate | yato brahmamimamsagatabhyam samanvayavirodha- pariharaparabhyam prathamadvitiyadhyayabhyameva tattvasthitih suniscita | vastuni viruddhakaro na sambhavati | ato'dhiyamanasrutinirnitaviruddhartham pratipadaka upanisa- dbhago naiva sambhavyate | yadi tadrsah kascidupanisadbhagah syat, tarhi vedo

dharmasastretihasapurananam vedopabrmhanatvam 53 Jan. 1962] bhrantajalpitayeta | ato'dhita tinirnitaviruddharthapratipadakopanisadbhagasyasambha- vitatvattadarthanijnasayopabrmhanasravanam napeksyate | yadyapyadhitasakhopanisadanavagata aviruddha brahmani gunavibhutivisesah sambhavanti, yesam pratipadanam sakhantariyosa - nisatsu sambhavyate, tatha yesamupabrmhanamitihasapuranayoh sambhavyate, tathapi brahmagatanam gunavibhutivisesanamiyatta itihasapuranairapi duspratipada, tesamana- ntyat | avagatakatipayagunavibhutivisistabrahmopasanenaiva purusarthasiddhirupapadyate | ato'pyupabrmhanasravanam napeksyate iti | evam manyamanamupabrmhanasravananirapeksam manavakam prati "itihasapuranabhyam vedam samupabr mhayet " iti vacanenapravrttapravartana- rupam vidhanam kriyate | ayamasya vacanasya dvitiyo nirvahah | nanvayam dvitiyo nirvaho na sambhavati, yato nyayanugrhitavakyava gatesvarthesu upabrmhanairniskastavyom'so nasti | niskastavyah sarvo'pyamsah sutrodahrtaireva vacanai- niskrastacarah | tatha cayamupabrmhana vidhiradrstartha eva syat | bibhetyalpa- srutadvedo mamayam pratarisyatityuttarardhena ca drstarthatvam khyapyate | vedasya prataranam nama tadabhipretaviparitarthavarnanameva | atastannivrttirupe drstaphale vacanike phale jagrati adrstarthatvam kalpayitum na yujyate | vacanikam drstarthatvam ca durupapadam, viruddharthapratipadaka pradesantara sambhave yato 'dhiyamanasra tinirnite vedasya bhrantajalpitayamanatvam prasajyetetinirnitatattvaviruddhartha pratipadaka pradesasambhavena tattvaviparyasapratipadanamasambhavi | sakalyena / brahmagunavibhutyanavagamassamasta- tadavantaravisesanavagamasca na vedaprataranarupatam bhajate | atastannivrttirapi phalam na yujyate iti cet, atrocyate yadyapi paratattvatadupasanapratipadanesu viparyaso na sambhavati, tathapi "kim te krnvanti kikatesu gavah " ityadi- vakyapratipannam pramagandadivrttantam yatha sabarasvamiprabhrtayo mimamsaka vakya- vivaksitam manyante, yatha ca ahalya naradivakyanyarthantaraparataya te vyacaksate, tathaiva paramatmasrjya suranaratiryagadivisesatadutpatti tadvrttavisesanamapi srutisamanya- pratitatvena vakyavivaksitatvam manyamano yadi kascid vedapurvabhagopanisadbhagagatanam mantrarthavadan arthantaraparataya vyacaksita, tarhi so'sru topabrmhanataya vedam pratarayatyeveti tatpariharayopabr hanavidhirupapadyata iti | -

54 puranam - PURANA [Vol. IV, No. 1 athedam bhasyamanenasayena pravrttam vyakhyayate | itihasapuranabhyamiti - vacanena vedasabdo vedantaparah | vedopa hanesu dharmasastretihasapuranesu dharmasastrani purva bhagopabrhanani, itihasapurananyuparitanabhago pabrmhananiti vibhagah | tatra dharmasastresu brahmapratipadanam karmanam tadaradhanarupatvajnapanartham | itihasapuranesu karmapratipadanam karmanam brahmopasanangatvapratipadanarthamiti vibhavyam | karmanam brahmaradhanarupatvam brahmopasanasya karmangakatvam ca "yatah pravrttirbhutanam yena sarvamidam svakarmana tamabhyarcya siddhi vindati "dhyayennarayanam devam snanadisu ca brahmalokamavapnoti na cehavartate "yai svakarma parairnatha te tarantyakhilametam nare raradhito tatam | manavah || " karmasu | punah || " bhavan | mayamatmavimuktaye || " "ye tu sarvani karmani mayi samnyasya matparah | ananyenaiva yogena mam dhyayanta upasate | tesamaham samuddharta mrtyu samsarasagarat | bhavami na cirat partham mayyavesitacetasam || " ityadibhirvacanaih sidhyati | asmin bhasye "upabrmhanam nama " ityadina vakyena " itihasapuranabhyam " iti slokasya purvardham vyakhyayate | atra "viditasakalavedatadarthanam svayoga- mahimasaksatkrtatadarthanam vakyaih " iti bahuvacanaih kapiladyekaikamatadapi itihasa- dinam prabalyam dyotyate | vyaktikaranam nama ajnatavisesah saha svavagatartha- niskarsah sampadyah | yatha vedena kartavyatvena vihitasya sandhyopasanadeh sarirasuddhiprakaradantadhavanasnanadivisesah saha niskarsah, evamupanisadbhage'pyartha- niskarsah sampadyah | upanisadarthaniskarso brahmamimamsasiddha iti nopabrmhanapeksetyasyam sankayamuttarardhasya vyakhyanam "sakalasakhanugatasya " ityadina vakyena kriyate | sloke uttarardham purvardhavihitopabrmhanakarya topapadakam | upabrmhanam nama anadhitasa- khantararthaih sahadhitasastrarthamniskarsah | ato nopavahanavicaranairapeksyam sambhavatityarthah | ""