Concept of Gandha in Charaka Samhita

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Patil, Ayu, Ashwini, Nil, Med, April]

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 2025 Volume 10 Number 4 APRIL E-ISSN:2456-3110 Review Article Charaka Samhita Publisher www.maharshicharaka.in Concept of Gandha in Charaka Samhita Patil A 1* , Shreevathsa 2 DOI:10.21760/jaims.10.4.20 1* Ashwini Patil, PhD Scholar, Dept of Samhita Siddhanta, Government Ayurveda Medical College, Mysuru, Karnataka, India 2 Shreevathsa, Professor and HOD, Dept of Samhita Siddhanta, Government Ayurveda Medical College, Mysuru, Karnataka, India Ayurveda which is unique in its origin, observations and documentation of diseases and its treatment has added beauty in understanding the prognosis too. Acharya’s have not left any area untouched related with preventive and curative aspect of diseases. The Sharira Sthana ends with Jatisutriya Adhyaya wherein the measurement of child is told indicating the life span. Seeing the bad signs, one can predict the Ayu, which are elaborated in Indriyasthana. This helps in understanding Chikitsa Sthana wherein treatment related to only Sadhya Rogas are said. Ayurveda classifies disease as mainly two i.e., Sadhya and Asadhya. This classification is very important to know the prognosis of disease rather than diagnosis otherwise it can lead to loss of social respect, money and knowledge of physician. For the proper knowledge of Asadhya Laxanas there is description of Arishtas in Samhita Granthas. The whole Indriyasthana of Charaka Samhita (12 chapters), 5 chapters (28 - 33 ) of Sushruta Samhita Sutrasthana and in 2 chapters (5-6) of Ashtanga Hrudaya Sharira sthana different types of arishtas are clearly mentioned which are helpful to explain the prognosis of a patient. Along with Charaka Samhita, Bhela Samhita, Kashyapa Samhita and Harita Samhita also included Indriya Sthana. A total of 47 factors are mentioned to look into for the prognosis. These are again basically grouped under 2 factors i.e., those signs and symptoms which are lodged in subject and those which are understood by inauspicious signs. Thus, it covers all the Laxanas starting from Pratyaksha Bhavas to Anumanagamya Bhavas. In this article, Gandha which is one among the 47 factors is been explained from Indriya Sthana as well as from other Sthana’s Keywords: Indriyasthana, Gandha, Sthana Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse Ashwini Patil, PhD Scholar, Dept of Samhita Siddhanta, Government Ayurveda Medical College, Mysuru, Karnataka, India Email: Patil A, Shreevathsa, Concept of Gandha in Charaka Samhita . J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2025;10(4):142-147 Available From https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/4205/ Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted 2025-03-13 2025-03-28 2025-04-08 2025-04-18 2025-04-28 Conflict of Interest Funding Ethical Approval Plagiarism X-checker Note None Nil Not required 11.65 © 2025 by Patil A, Shreevathsa and Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0] J Ayu Int Med Sci 2025 ; 10 ( 4 ) 142

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Buddhi, Guna, Anna, Pushpa, Madhu, Prithvi, Mana, Sam]

Introduction Gandha is considered as one of the Vishesha Guna of Pruthvi Mahabhoota. [1] These Vishesha Guna’s perform specific functions in our body both physiologically and pathologically. Gandha Pareeksha is considered as one of the assessment tool in identifying the Arishta Lakshana by Acharya Charaka in Indriyasthana. [2 ] Gandha is perceived by Vata Dosha and Pitta, Kapha Dosha have their unique Gandha in Prakruta and Vaikruta Avastha. [3] An attempt is made to understand the concept of Gandha in Charaka Samhita for better understanding and applying it clinically . Materials and Methods Literary part is documented and interpreted with the help of Shabda Kosha, Charaka Samhita with available Chakrapani and Gangadhara commentaries Definition of Gandha : As per Monier Wiiliams 1872 dictionary the word Gandha is been defined as: Gandha as, m. (said to be fr. rt. gandh ), smell, odour, (sometimes nine or ten kinds are enumerated, viz. Ishṭa, Anishṭa, Madhura, Kaṭu, Nirhārin, Saṃhata, Snigdha, Rūksha, Viśada, Amla ); a fragrant substance, fragrance, scent, (in comp. = fragrant, see gandhāmbu &c.), a perfume As per Shabdakalpadruma , गन्धः , पुं , ( गन्ध + पचाद्यच् । ) आमोदः । इितिव ः । स तु ाण ाह्यपृिथवीगुणः । यथा , --“ ाण ाह्यो भवेद्गन्धो ाणस्यैवोपकारकः ।सौरभश्चासौरभश्च स द्वेधा प रकीित्ततः ॥ ” इित भाषाप र े दे । १०३ ॥ ( अस्य लक्षणान्तरं यथा , ाणमात्र ाह्यगुणत्व - व्याप्यजाितमत्वं गन्धत्वं यद्वा पृिथवीवृित्तमात्र वृित्तगुणत्वसाक्षा ाप्यजाितमत्विमित ॥ ) स तुदशिवधः । ( यथा , महाभारते । १४ । ५० । ४० - ४२ । “ श ः स्पशस्तथारूपं रसो गन्धश्च पञ्चमः ।एते पञ्च गुणा भूमेिव ेया िद्वजसत्तमाः ॥पािथवश्च सदागन्धो गन्धश्च बहुधा ृतः ।तस्य गन्धस्य व ािम िवस्तरेण बहून् गुणान् ॥इष्टश्चािनष्टगन्धश्च मधुरोऽ ः कटुस्तथा । िनहारी संहतः ि ो रूक्षो िवशद एव च ।एवं दशिवधो ेयः पािथवो गन्ध इ ुत ॥ ” एतेषामिप केषु को गन्ध इ ेतिद्ववृितमाह । ) इष्टः १ कस्तू रकादौ । अिनष्टः २ शवादौ ।मधुरः ३ मधुपुष्पादौ । अ ः ४ आ ा - तकादौ । कटुः ५ म रचादौ । िनहारी ६िहङ् ादौ । संहतः ७ िचत्रगन्धः अनेककल्कगतः । ि ः ८ सद्यस्तप्तघृतादौ । रूक्षः ९साषपतैलादौ । िवशदः १० शाल्यन्नादौ ॥ Gandha is said to be Pruthvi predominant and perceived through Ghrana . Through Ghrana two types of Gandha are perceived and they are: Sourabha and Asourabha . It is been again classified into ten types: 1. Ishta - Ex: Smell of Kasturi 2. Anishta - Ex : Smell of dead body 3. Madhura - Ex: Smell of Madhu, Pushpa 4. Amla - Ex: Smell of Amra 5. Katu - Ex: Smell of Maricha 6. Nirhari - Ex: Smell of Hingu 7. Samhata - Ex: Smell of different mixtures 8. Snigdha - Ex: Smell of immediate formed Ghrta 9. Ruksha - Ex: Smell of Sarshapa Taila 10. Vishada - Ex: Smell of Anna Utpatti of Gandha According to Ayurveda, Indriyas (sense organs) are the apparatus to attain knowledge for Atma (soul) [4] These are eleven in number which includes 5 Gyanendriya (sense faculities) Chakshu (visual apparatus), Srotra (auditory apparatus), Rasana (gustatory apparatus), Sparshana (tactile apparatus), Ghrana (olfactory apparatus); 5 Karmendriya (motor organs) Vaak (organ for speech), Upastha (reproductive part), Pani (hands), Pada (legs), Payu (excretory organs); and 1 Ubhayendriya- Mana (mind). These Indriyas are also made of the five elements. Each sense faculty has the dominance of one element and a particular sense organ receives only guna (specific attribute) of that element in the form of stimulus. For e.g Ghranendriya (olfactory apparatus) is dominated by Prithvi Mahabhuta (earth element) and receives knowledge of Gandha (smell). Acharya Charaka has further mentioned the intellectual aspect of the five Gyanendriya . This is termed Indriya Panchapanchaka. [5] It includes Indriya (sense faculties), Indriya Dravya (material constituents corresponding to the sense faculties), Indriya Adhisthana (sense organ), Indriya Artha (objects) and Indriya Buddhi (perception). For Ghranendriya , Bhu (earth) is Dravya , Nasika (nose) is Adhisthana , Gandha (smell) is Artha and Gandha Buddhi (olfactory center in the brain) is Indriya Budhi . The Ghranendriya is responsible to complete its respective work viz. transmission and interpretation of sense of smell. Further, the learning process carries on where the Ghranendriya connects Mana (mind) which is synchronous with Atma (soul) and thereafter knowledge is perceived [6] This is necessary for a normal sense of smell. Acharya Charaka , in Indriyanikam indriya opines that if a person fails to recognize smell of different objects, Ashwini P et al. Concept of Gandha in Charaka Samhita J Ayu Int Med Sci 2025 ; 10 ( 4 ) 143

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Rasa, Flower, Good]

Whether good or bad or not responsive to any smell at all, it is suggestive that the person is having fatal signs related to olfactory sensation. This shows the importance of smell as a sense in Ayurveda science Bheda of Gandha : Acharya Charaka in Pushpitaka Adhyaya of Indriya Sthana explains about Gandha and Rasa Arishta While explaining Gandha , he explains about both Prakruta and Vaikruta Gandha नानापुष्पोपमो गन्धो यस्य भाित िदवािनशम् | पु ष्पतस्य वनस्येव नानाद्रुमलतावतः || ८ || तमाहुः पु ष्पतं धीरा नरं मरणलक्षणैः | स ना संवत्सराद्देहं जहातीित िविनश्चयः || ९ || एवमेकैकशः पुष्पैयस्य गन्धः समो भवेत् | इष्टैवा यिद वाऽिनष्टैः स च पु ष्पत उच्यते || १० || समासेनाशुभान् गन्धानेकत्वेनाथवा पुनः | आिज ेद्यस्य गात्रेषु तं िवद्यात् पु ष्पतं िभषक् || ११ || आ ुताना ुते काये यस्य गन्धाः शुभाशुभाः | व्य ासेनािनिमत्ताः स्युः स च पु ष्पत उच्यते || १२ || तद्यथा - चन्दनं कु ं तगरागुरुणी मधु | माल्यं मूत्रपुरीषे च मृतािन कुणपािन च || १३ || ये चा े िविवधा ानो गन्धा िविवधयोनयः | तेऽप्यनेनानुमानेन िव ेया िवकृितं गताः || १४ || इदं चाप्यितदेशाथ लक्षणं गन्धसंश्रयम् | व ामो यदिभ ाय िभषङ्मरणमािदशेत् || १५ || िवयोिनिवदुरो गन्धो यस्य गात्रेषु जायते | इष्टो वा यिद वाऽिनष्टो न स जीवित तां समाम् || १६ || एतावद्गन्धिव ानं ,..| १७ | Meaning: As how forest will be filled with smell of different पुष्प & लता ’s, similarly person who emits different types of smell/odor similar to flowers day & night is said to die certainly & such persons are called as पु ष्पत . It is sure too that पु ष्पत person will die within 1 year Person who emits odor/smell of all flowers individually is said to be पु ष्पत . Person who emits diff. smell/odor separately or all toge. is also called as पु ष्पत . Person who emits smell/odor even after he has done लेपन with गन्ध द्रव्य ’s is said to be पु ष्पत By अनुमान the गन्ध is ascertained. आचाय चरक says about शुभ and अशुभ गन्ध . The शुभ गन्ध are of: Table 1: Showing शुभ AND अशुभ गन्ध : शुभ गन्ध अशुभ गन्ध There are other different गन्धा ’s also which are शुभ and अशुभ , examination of this is to be done on the basis of अनुमान प्रमाण Chakrapani Commentary: Chakrapani says here, that the word “ नानाद्रुमलतावत ” is used specifically to denote the variety i.e., in a forest similar variety as well as other variety of fruits, flowers, creepers, climbers exist चम्पकवनमशोकवनिम ािद ” It also indicates the budding stage of different flowers “ नानात्वं च पुष्पाणामेकजातीयानामिपकिलकाद्दवस्था भेदादिप स्यात्। “ And all these गन्ध are present always i.e िदवािनिश (day & night). Similarly in a person who emits गन्ध day & night is said to be पु ष्पत . All above lakshanas may be seen individually or altogether. By अनुमान the शुभ & अशुभ गन्ध should be ascertained. Chakrapani clearly states मृत to dead animals & कुणप to dead human body. Even he considers गन्ध which is present in धूप & नानाप्रकार गन्ध which are अकृित्रम i.e., natural to be taken or considered or ascertain as शुभ / अशुभ गन्ध Gangadhara Commentary: Gangadhara opines that how a flower always emits smell day and night similarly मरणासन्न पुरुष too emits smell day and night. If गन्ध is lost then the पुष्प dies, similarly a person too i.e., “ एतावता तद्वनस्य नाशवत् नाश इित न ािपतं , िकन्तु नाशे पुष्पवद्गन्धांशे इय उ ा। “ He says that even though शुभ & अशुभ गन्ध are told but still they also act as अ रष्ट . Person emits शुभ गन्ध without appl. गन्ध द्रव्य (day&night) is अ रष्ट . And on appl. गन्ध द्रव्य emits अशुभ गन्ध then it’s also अ रष्ट . Such varieties of गन्ध may be emit. from person’s body & he will be called as पु ष्पत who will die within 1 year Ashwini P et al. Concept of Gandha in Charaka Samhita चन्दन मूत्र कुष्ट पुरीष तगर मृत पशु अदुरू कुणप मधु माला J Ayu Int Med Sci 2025 ; 10 ( 4 ) 144

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Chandana, Heena, Sampat, Mano, Manas, Ama, Roopa, Rupa]

Discussion After understanding the basic of Gandha in form of its definition, Utpatti and Bheda , it is important to know about Gandha utility in different context in different Sthana’s of Charaka Samhita. The table 1.2 provides with the information of the same Table 2: Reference’s of Gandha in Charaka Samhita SN Reference’s Remarks 1. Ch.Su.1/29 Indication of Dhumapana in Pooti Gandha from Ghrana 2. Ch.Su.5/72 Dantadhavana benefit - removes Durgandha 3. Ch.Su.20/14 Among the 40 pitta Nanatmaja Vikaras, Angagandha is been mentioned and also Gandha is been mentioned as one of the Aatma Roopa of Pitta Dosha 4. Ch.Su.25/40 Chandana is said to be best Durgandha Hara 5. Ch.Su.26/11 The Parthiva Dravya’s are predominant of Gandha Guna 6. Ch.Su.27/9 Intake of Annapana which are Ishta Varna, Gandha is said to be beneficial 7. Ch.Su.27/169 Jambeera removes Pooti Gandha 8. Ch.Su.27/215 Quality of Jala has been mentioned. In that Jala with Durgandha is said not to be used 9. Ch.Ni.2/5 While defining Raktapitta, it is been mentioned as Pitta acquiring the Lohita Varna as well as Gandha 10. Ch.Ni.2/6 In Purvaroopa of Raktapitta Shukla, Amla Gandha, Rasa and Udgara are been mentioned 11. Ch.Ni.4/13 Udakameha Pramehi passes Nirgandha Mutra 12. Ch.Ni.4/29 Ksharameha Pramehi passes mutra with Gandha similar to that of Kshara 13. Ch.Ni.4/47 In Purvaroopa of Prameha there will be presence of excess Shareera Gandha 14. Ch.Vi.3/7 Dushita Vayu, Udaka and Desha Lakshana’s are been told Dushita Vayu - will be with Asaatmya Gandha Dushita Udaka and Desha - will be with Vikruta Gandha 15. Ch.Vi.4/6 The naming of Roga is also sometimes done based on Gandha 16. Ch.Vi.7/26 In the preparation of Tilvakoddalakadi Taila, the features of well-prepared Taila is been mentioned which says that the Taila should have the Varna, Gandha and Rasa of the drugs used 17. Ch.Sh.1/27 Gandha Guna is said to be the Vishesha Guna of Prithvi Mahabhoota 18. Ch.Sh.1/126 Here Gandha perception in Heena, Ati and Mithya Yoga is been mentioned 19. Ch.Sh.8/8 During Garbhadana, Maithuna should be performed with all liking things around. One among them is presence of Ishta Gandha 20. Ch.Sh.8/54 In Stanya Sampat, Prakruta Gandha has been told as one of the quality. It indicates pleasant smell with no bad odor 21. Ch.Sh.8/55 The Stanya which is infected by Vikruta Vata Dosha will be with bad odor i.e., Alakshya Gandha 22. Ch.Chi.1/2/4 In collection of Amalaki, it is been said to collect Amalaki’s which is with Anupahata Gandha 23. Ch.Chi.1/3/60 In Shilajatu Rasayana, the Shilajatu possessing Gomutra Gandha is said to be best among all the varieties 24. Ch.Chi.2/1/18 While explaining the benefits of Vaajikarana, it is been said as Dhatu (Shukra) is of Anishta Gandha then it is of no use 25. Ch.Chi.3/79 In Medogata Jvara Lakshana, Svagandha Asahatva is mentioned as one of the Lakshana. Patient is intolerable to his own body smell 26. Ch.Chi.4/9 In definition of Raktapitta, it is been said that Pitta acquires the qualities of Rakta i.e., Gandha, Varna 27. Ch.Chi.4/98 In case of Nasagata Raktapitta, if patient is suffering from Ghrananasha and Krimi then there will be Kunapa Gandha 28. Ch.Chi.6/12 In Kaphaja Prameha, Svadosha Gandha is said to be one of the Lakshana i.e., Aama Gandha 29. Ch.Chi.6/13 Anga Gandha is been mentioned as one of the Prameha Purvaroopa Lakshana 30. Ch.Chi.7/35 Visra Gandha is one among the Lakshana in Pittaja Kushta 31. Ch.Chi.8/179,180,182 Under Mano Anukula Chikitsa of Rajayakshma, Ishta Gandha treatment is given of prime importance 32. Ch.Chi.9/22 In Asadhya Unmada Lakshana, if patient is associated with Pooti Gandha then it should not be treated 33. Ch.Chi.11/11 Durgandha is one of the Lakshana mentioned of Kshataksheena 34. Ch.Chi.17/49 In Urdhva Shvasa Lakshana, the word Kruddha Gandhavaha is been referred as Dushta Vayu 35. Ch.Chi.18/25 Durgandha is one of the Lakshana in Kshyaja Kasa 36. Ch.Chi.19/5 Aama Gandha is one of the Lakshana in Aamaja Atisaara 37. Ch.Chi.19/6 Ati Durgandhayukta Pureesha Sarana is the Lakshana in Pitta Atisaara 38. Ch.Chi.19/7 Durgandha is one of the Lakshana in Shleshma Atisaara Ashwini P et al. Concept of Gandha in Charaka Samhita J Ayu Int Med Sci 2025 ; 10 ( 4 ) 145

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Shri, Harsha, Prakashan, Kala]

In many areas Gandha word is been utilized to denote garland with pleasant smell. This is seen in almost all Pittaja Vikara Chikitsa , as external soothing agent and in Dinacharya too. Many of the Dravya’s are named based on Gandha as Ugragandha, Teekshna Gandha etc. Here the word Gandha which relates with physiological and pathological perception is been selected from all the Sthana’s and incorporated in the above table Conclusion Gandha plays an important role in identifying the normalcy and abnormal Avastha of the dosha’s Body emits different odors which co-relates with many pathological conditions. In order to understand, interpret, diagnose and also for prognosis knowledge of Gandha is essential References 1. Trikamji AY. Charaka Samhita of Agnivesha with Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidutta. Reprint. Varanasi: Choukhamabha Surbharati Prakashan; 2020. p. 289 [Crossref][PubMed] [Google Scholar] 2. Trikamji AY. Charaka Samhita of Agnivesha with Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidutta. Reprint. Varanasi: Choukhamabha Surbharati Prakashan; 2020. p. 353 [Crossref][PubMed] [Google Scholar] 3. Acharya VJ, Narayanaramacharya. Sushruta Samhita with Nibandha Sangraha Commentary of Shri Dalhanacharya and Nyayachandrika Panjika of Shri Gayadasa Acharya on Nidana Sthana. 8 th ed. Varanasi: Choukambha Orientalia; 2005. p. 101-2 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar] 4. Trikamji AY. Charaka Samhita of Agnivesha with Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidutta. Reprint. Varanasi: Choukhamabha Surbharati Prakashan; 2020. p. 289 [Crossref][PubMed] [Google Scholar] 5. Trikamji AY. Charaka Samhita of Agnivesha with Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidutta. Reprint. Varanasi: Choukhamabha Surbharati Prakashan; 2020. p. 55 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar] SN Reference’s Remarks 39. Ch.Chi.20/17 In Asadhya Chardi Lakshana, person vomiting with smell as that of Vinmutra is said as Asadhya 40. Ch.Chi.20/43,44 In Chardi Chikitsa, person should be treated with Gandha of Phala, Mula or any material which is liked by the patient as it differs in different individuals 41. Ch.Chi.23/120,121 In Visha Chikitsa, different sources incorporated with Visha are mentioned which a Vaidya should carefully examine Ex: Garland having no Gandha brings about Shiroruja, Loma Harsha The water in Koopa, Tadaga etc. if is of Durgandha then it produces Shvayathu, Kotha, Pidaka and even Marana also 42. Ch.Chi.25/13 Pittaja Vrana will be with Gandha i.e., Pooti Gandha 43. Ch.Chi.25/27 8 types of Gandha are been mentioned in Vrana: Sarpi, Taila, Vasa, Pooya, Rakta, Shyava, Amla, Pooti Shyava is been mentioned as Shavasya Gandha 44. Ch.Chi.25/108 Through Dhupana Chikitsa, Vikruta Gandha in Vrana is subsided 45. Ch.Chi.26/110,114 Loss of Gandha perception is one of the Saamanya Lakshana in Dushta Pratishyaya and Peenasa 46. Ch.Chi.26/124,126 In Vataja and Tridoshaja Aruchi, Manoghna Gandha is one of the causative factors for Aruchi 47. Ch.Chi.26/225 Mention of Gandha Taila is seen which is nothing but Taila prepared out of Sugandha Dravya’s 48. Ch.Chi.30/222 In Pradara, Durgandha is one of the Upadrava Lakshana 49. Ch.K.1/6 The drugs mentioned in Shadvirechanashatashritiya Adhyaya are explained based on Gandha, Varna Rasa etc. and they should be used accordingly 50. Ch.K.1/10 Collection of drugs is based on Kala, Aatapa, Pavana and Anupahata Gandha, Varna etc. factors 51. Ch.K.3/12 Ikshvaku should possess Ishta Gandha 52. Ch.Si.3/11 In selection of Basti material, Vigandha is one of the feature. It refers to the Basti which is devoid of Pootigandha. It is said as Vigandha 53. Ch.Si.6/16 An ideal drug is one which has a Ishta Gandha (pleasant) 54. Ch.Si.6/32 When a person in whom Kapha is Utklesha Avastha and at that time consumes Durgandhayukta Virechana Oushadha then it causes Vamana 55. Ch.Si.9/43 Vitgandha Mootra Pravrutti is one of the Lakshana in Bastikundala Ashwini P et al. Concept of Gandha in Charaka Samhita J Ayu Int Med Sci 2025 ; 10 ( 4 ) 146

6. Trikamji AY. Charaka Samhita of Agnivesha with Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidutta. Reprint. Varanasi: Choukhamabha Surbharati Prakashan; 2020. p. 56 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar] Disclaimer / Publisher's Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of Journals and/or the editor(s). Journals and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content Ashwini P et al. Concept of Gandha in Charaka Samhita J Ayu Int Med Sci 2025 ; 10 ( 4 ) 147

Other Health Sciences Concepts:

[back to top]

Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Concept of Gandha in Charaka Samhita’. Further sources in the context of Health Sciences might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Phala, Mula, Atman, Marana, Gandha, Kala, Roga, Arishta, Ikshvaku, Pavana, Shukra, Ama, Amalaki, Jala, Vasa, Visha, Chardi, Vaidya, Amla, Durgandha, Rakta, Karmendriya, Prameha, Taila, Vrana, Sarpis, Raktapitta, Dantadhavana, Unmada, Krimi, Indriyartha, Kotha, Ghranendriya, Pradara, Charakasamhita, Pidaka, Shyava, Urdhvashvasa, Gandhataila, Dhumapana, Lomaharsha, Vishachikitsa, Shiroruja, Indriyasthana, Vatadosha, Pittadosha, Kaphadosha, Pittajavrana, Gyanendriya, Arishtalakshana, Dushta Pratishyaya, Purvaroopa, Kaphaja Prameha, Peenasa, Prakruta avastha, Dushita Desha, Ubhayendriya, Shilajatu Rasayana, Sadhya roga, Indriya Panchapanchaka, Stanya Sampat, Asadhya roga, Publication, Individual author(s), Editor(s).