Clinical efficacy of Vrahat Dadimashtak Choorna in Sangrahani w.s.r. to IBS

[Full title: Clinical efficacy of Vrahat Dadimashtak Choorna in Sangrahani w.s.r. to IBS: A Critical Review]

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REVIEW ARTICLE October 2024 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | October 2024 | Vol. 9 | Issue 10 133 Clinical efficacy of Vrahat Dadimashtak Choorna in Sangrahani w.s.r. to IBS: A Critical Review Mohit Arora 1 , Pavitra Malik 2 1,2 Assistant Professor, Dept of Kayachikitsa, National College of Ayurveda & Hospital, Barwala, Haryana, India. I NTRODUCTION Ayurveda has described the importance of Agni and its importance in detail. Grahani is the main site of Agni where all metabolic activities take place. Grahani means Grahana (acceptance of food) and its functions are Dharana (storage of food for some time), Pachana (digestion), Shoshana (absorption) and Munchan (forwarded to colon). Acharya Charak, Susruta and Vagbhatta described four types of Grahani based on Doshas. Acharya Madhavakar has explained two more type of Grahani i.e., Sangrahani and Gatigrahani . The Address for correspondence: Dr. Mohit Arora Assistant Professor, Dept of Kayachikitsa, National College of Ayurveda & Hospital, Barwala, Haryana, India. E-mail: dr.mohitarora@gmail.com Submission Date: 05/09/2024 Accepted Date: 19/10/2024 Access this article online Quick Response Code Website: www.jaims.in DOI: 10.21760/jaims.9.10.22 symptoms of Vyadhi Sangrahani can be co-related with IBS in modern science. One of the references to the concept of an irritable bowel and Sangrahani appeared in the Rocky Mountain Journal on 1950. The symptoms of IBS in modern science and Sangrahani in Ayurveda are similar. The cardinal symptom of Sangrahani in Ayurveda is ‘ Pakvamva Sarujamputi Mahurbadhm Mahurdravam ’ and ‘ Malam Sangrahaya Sangrahaya Kadachit Atirechayet ’. The term Sarujam indicates pain, Mahurbadam Mahurdravam indicates alternate episodes of constipation and diarrhoea and Malamsangraha Sangraha Kadachit Atirechaat indicates the change in stool frequency [1],[2] Symptoms of Sangrahani Symptoms of IBS Paksham Masa Dashahadava Nityamvapyathamunchyat Constipation is the most consistent feature in IBS Mahurbadham Mahurdravam Alternate episodes of constipation and diarrhoea Antrakoojana Abdominal distension increase belching Abdominal distension increases belching A B S T R A C T The purpose of this review article is to have a comparative review of Sangrahani with IBS (irritable bowel syndrome) with respect to modern medical science and to evaluate the efficacy of Vrahat Dadimashtak Choorna in treating Sangrahani w.s.r. to IBS. At present time Sangrahani is correlated with IBS based on symptoms like alternate episodes of constipation and diarrhea ( Mahurbadham mahurdravam ), Stool accompanied by the passage of a large amount of mucus ( Mala Niskasana with Shabda and Manda Vedena ), fatigue ( Durbalata Sadan Alasya ). According to Ayurvedic literature, the potency and efficacy of Ayurvedic classical preparations depend upon the Rasa Panchaka, Desh (region), Kal (time), Ritu (season), their preparation method, and route of administration. This article mentions the efficacy of Vrahat Dadimashtak Choorna in treating Sangrahani w.s.r. to IBS. As per Acharya Sharangdhar, Vrahat Dadimashtak Choorna is also very useful for the treatment of other disorders like Atisaar (diarrhea), Gulma (abdominal tumor/abdominal lump), Mandagni (Improper digestion), Kasa (cough). All the contents of Vrahat Dadimashtak Choorna have been evaluated according to the research done by various research scholars. The efficacy has also been tested according to the Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipaka described in Ayurvedic text. Key words: Vrahat Dadimashtak Choorna, Atisara, Gulma, Sangrahani, IBS

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Sugar, Fruits, Range, Quite, Vata, Karma, Sheet, Seed, Har, Long, Ela, Piper, Sar, Part, Snigdha, Deepan, Rat, Acid, Back, Chemical, Table, Hara, Misri, Amla, Pitta, Katu, Kati]

Mohit Arora et al. Clinical efficacy of Vrahat Dadimashtak Choorna in Sangrahani ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE October 2024 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | October 2024 | Vol. 9 | Issue 10 134 Mala Niskasana with Shabda and Manda Vedena Stool accompanied by passage of large amount of mucus Durbalata Sadan Alasya Fatigue Divaprakopo Ratrisanti Nocturnal diarrhoea absent in IBS Kati Shoola Back pain Ayurveda has a vast range of drugs for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Vrahat Dadimashtak Choorna is one of the Ayurvedic medicine for the management of gastrointestinal disorder and metabolic disorder. Acharya Sharangdhar has explained Vrahat Dadimashtak Choorna is useful for many disorders like Atisaar (Diarrhoea), Gulma (Abdominal tumor / Abdominal lump), Grahani (Sprue), Mandagni (Improper digestion) etc [3] Ayurvedic properties, Chemical composition and Medicinal Properties of ingredient drugs of Vrahat Dadimashtak Choorna are mentioned in following table (Table 1-2). The constituents of Vrahat Dadimashtak Choorna like Sunthi, Jeerak, Dhaniya and Dadimbeej having Deepan and Grahi properties, so it is quite effective in different types of Atisara . The Ela, Tvak, Tungshir, Pippali and Jeeraka of this Choorna having Deepana, Rochana and Kshayahara properties. This Choorn has Nagakesar, Sunthi , and Jeeraka having Deepana , Grahi and Grahnidoshahara properties. C. tamala shows Gastroprotective activity in Experimental gastric ulcers in rats [4] Table 1: Ayurvedic and chemical properties of ingredient drugs of Vrahat Dadimashtak Choorna [5],[6] SN Ingredient Properties Part used Chemical composition 1. Dadimbeeja (Pomegranate) ( Punica granatum ) Rasa - Madhura, Kashaya, Amla. Guna - Laghu, Snigdha Virya - Anushna Vipaka - Madhura, Amla Karma - Rochana, Kandughana, Krimghana, Sangrahi, Kanthaya. Dosha Prabhava - Kapha-Vata Hara. Seed punicic acid [7] 2. Misri (crystalline sugar) Rasa - Madhur Guna - Sheet, Sar, Laghu. Virya - Sheet Vipaka – Madhura. Karma - Ruchya, Dahnut, Moorchchhahar, Chhardighna, Jwaraghna. Dosha Prabhava - Vata Pitta Har ------- crystalline sugar 3. Pippali (Long peeper) Piper longum Rasa – Katu. Guna - Laghu, Snigdha, Tikshana. Virya - Anushna. Vipaka - Madhura. Fruits piperine, iperonaline, piperettine, asarinine, pellitorine, piperundecalidine, piperlongumine [8]

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Oganesyan, Roots, Bishop, Dipan, Root, Samaka, Ammi, Black, Weed]

Mohit Arora et al. Clinical efficacy of Vrahat Dadimashtak Choorna in Sangrahani ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE October 2024 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | October 2024 | Vol. 9 | Issue 10 135 Karma - Aanahaghna, Vrishya Dipaniya, Shoolprashamniya, Pachaniya, Jwarahara. Dosha Prabhava - Kapha-Vata Har 4. Pippalimula (long peeper root) Rasa - Katu, Tikta. Guna - Laghu, Snigdha, Tikshana. Virya - Ushna. Vipaka - Katu. Karma - Aanahaghna, Vrishya, Dipaniya, Shoolprashamniya, Pachaniya, Jwarahara. Dosha Prabhava - Kapha-Vata Hara Roots piperine, iperonaline, piperettine, asarinine, pellitorine, piperundecalidine, piperlongumine 5. Yawani (Bishop's weed) ( Trachyspermum ammi ) Rasa - Katu Tikta. Guna - Laghu, Ruksha, Tikshana. Virya - Ushna. Vipaka - Katu; Karma - Rochan, Dipan, Jantughna, Anuloman, Vednasthapan. Dosha Prabhava - Vata Kapha Shamak Seeds carbohydrates, tannins, glycosides, saponins, flavone and nicotinic acid [9] 6. Maricha (Black peeper) ( Piper nigrum ) Rasa - Katu; Guna - Laghu, Tikshana; Virya - Ushna; Vipaka - Katu. Karma - Chakshushya, Dipaniya, Shoolprashamniya, Krimghana. Dosha Prabhava - Kapha-Vata Har Fruits Piperine, lauratic acid, palmitic acid, ascorbic acid [10] 7. Dhanyaka (Coriander) ( Coriandrum sativum ) Rasa - Kashaya; Guna - Laghu, Ushana, Ruksha; Virya - Ushna; Vipaka - Madhura; Karma - Dipaniya, Pachaniya, Vatanulomaka, Mutral’ Dosha Prabhava - Tridosha Shamaka Fruits apigenin, luteolin, diosmin, dihydroquercetin, catechin, chrysoeriol, dicoumarin, 4-hydroxycoumarin (Oganesyan et al., 2007) 8. Jiraka (Cumin seed) ( Cuminum cyminum ) Rasa - Katu. Guna - Laghu, Ruksha. Virya - Ushna. Seeds cuminaldehyde, limonene, αand βpinene, cineole, cymene, αand γterpinene, safranal and linalool [11]

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Patra, Sita, Leaf, Dry, Ghosh, Bamboo, Hcn, Alpha, Shita, Zinger, Manna]

Mohit Arora et al. Clinical efficacy of Vrahat Dadimashtak Choorna in Sangrahani ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE October 2024 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | October 2024 | Vol. 9 | Issue 10 136 Vipaka – Katu. Karma - Rochan, Dipana, Vatanulomaka, Vednasthapan, Raktashodhaka. Dosha Prabhava - Kapha-Vata Har 9. Sonth (Dry zinger) ( Zingiber officinale ) Rasa - Katu. Guna - Laghu, Snigdha. Virya - Ushna. Vipaka - Madhur. Karma - Rochana, Dipan, Shoolprashaman, Raktashodhak, Aampachan Dosha Prabhava - Vata- Kapha Shamak Rhizome gingerols, shogaols, paradols and zingerone zingeberene, curcumene, farnesene [12] 10. Tugakshiri (Bamboo manna) ( Bambusa arundinacea ) Rasa - Madhura, Kashaya. Guna - Laghu, Ruksha, Tikshana. Virya - Shita. Vipaka - Madhur. Karma - Varnya, Kusthghna, Raktasthambhana, Trishnaanigraha. Dosha Prabhava - Kapha-Pitta Hara Latex Oxalic acid, reducing sugar, resins, waxes, HCN, benzoic acid (Ghosh et al., 1938) 11. Tvak ( Cinnamomum zeylanicum ) Rasa - Katu Tikta. Guna - Laghu, Tikshana, Ruksha. Virya - Ushna. Vipaka - Katu. Karma - Rochana, Kandughana, Krimghana, Sangrahi, Kanthaya. Dosha Prabhava - Kapha-Vata Hara Barks Cinnamaldehyde, transcinnamaldehyde, eugenol, linalool [13] 12. Ela (Cardamom) ( Elettaria cardamomum ) Rasa - Madhura Katu. Guna - Laghu, Ruksha. Virya - Shita. Vipaka - Madhura.Karma - Rochana, Dipana, Krimghana. Dosha Prbhava - Tridosh Hara Fruits protocatechualdehyde, protocatechuic acid, alpha-terpinyl acetate, linalyl acetate, limonene, linalool, limonene [14] 13. Patra ( Cinnamomum tamala ) Rasa - Madhura. Guna - Ushna, Pichchhila, Laghu. Virya - Ushna Vipaka - Katu Leaf Furanosesquiterpenoids, Furanogermenone, β - caryophyllene, sabinene, curcumenol [15]

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Ferra, Sharma, Walia, Saffron, Amana, Cobra, Gana]

Mohit Arora et al. Clinical efficacy of Vrahat Dadimashtak Choorna in Sangrahani ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE October 2024 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | October 2024 | Vol. 9 | Issue 10 137 Karma - Arsoghna, Hrullasa, Rochan, Peenusghna Dosha Prbhava - Kaph Vata Hara [26] 14. Nagakesar (Cobra’s saffron) ( Mesua ferra ) Rasa - Kashaya, Tikta Guna - Laghu, Ruksha Virya - Anushana Vipaka - Katu Karma- Stambhana, Krimghana; Dosha Prabhava-Vata-Pitta Hara Seeds Mesuarin, Mesuein, Ferrxanthone (Walia, S., et.al, 1984) Table 2: Medicinal properties of Each Constituents of Vrahat Dadimashtak Choorna [16] SN Drugs Charak Susruta P.V. Sharma Uses in Nighantus 1. Dadimbeeja Hridya Chhardinigraha Parushakadi Gana Rochan Grahi, Ruchya, Deepana 2. Misri Ruchya, 3. Pippali/ Pippalimula Kasahar, Dipniya, Traptighna Urdhwabhag- Har, Pipplyadigana Kasahar Swas, Kasa, Agnivardhaka, Gulmaghna, Kshyapahama 4. Yawani Sheetprashamana -- Shoolprash Amana Gulmaghna 5. Maricha Dipniya, Shoolprashamana KramighnaShirovirechan Pipplyadigana Tryausna Deepan Deepana, Sarvakashara 6. Dhanyaka Trashnanigrha Sheetprashamana Guduchyadigana Trashnani Grha Swasakashara, Rochana Grahi 7. Jiraka Shoolprashamana Shirovirechan Pipplyadigana Deepan Gulma, Atisaar, Grahani, Kshaya 8. Sonth Traptighna, Arsoghna, Dipniya, Shoolprashamana Trashnanigrha Pipplyadigana Tryausna Traptighna Atisaar, Agnivardhaka, Grahanidosha 9. Tugakshiri --- --- --- Kasa, Kshaya 10. Tvak --- Eladigana Chhedana Swasakashara, Kshaya, Peenus, Aruchi, Hrullasa

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Mohit Arora et al. Clinical efficacy of Vrahat Dadimashtak Choorna in Sangrahani ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE October 2024 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | October 2024 | Vol. 9 | Issue 10 138 11. Ela Shwashar, Angamarda Prashamana, Shirovirechan Eladigana Dahaprash Amana Swasakashara, Kshaya, Rochana, Deepana 12. Patra --- Eladigana Chhedana Peenus, Aruchi, Hrullasa 13. Nagakesara Eladigana Priyangawadigana Anjanadigana Raktastam Bhana Atisaara, Agnivardhaka, Grahanivikara CONCLUSION By this all review work, It is concluded that Vrahat Dadimashtak Choorna is very good drug to treat Sangrahani w.s.r. to IBS. And now, we are now able to justify the claims of old Ayurvedic text on the modern research parameters. REFERENCES 1 Charak Samhita with Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, vol-1 and 2 by Shastri K N and Chaturvedi G N, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, 1984, Varanasi. 2 Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine 16 th Ed. vol -1, Mc. Graw Hill Book Company, 2005. 3 Shrivastava Dr.(smt.) Shailaja commentator Sharangdhar samhita, Chaukhambha Orientalia, reprint edition 2009, Madhya khanda; p; 181. 4 Eswaran, M.B., Surendran, S., Vijayakumar, M., Ojha, S.K., Rawat, A.K.S., Rao, C.V., Gastroprotective activity of Cinnamomum tamala leaves on experimental gastric ulcers in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 128: 537-40. 5 Shama P V, Dravyaguna vigyan vol. 2 (vegetable drugs), Chaukhamba Bharati academy Varanasi, reprint edition 2006. 6 Shama P V, Dravyaguna vigyan vol. 2 (vegetable drugs), Chaukhamba Bharati Academy Varanasi, reprint edition 2006, 7 Aida Zarfeshany, Sedigheh Asgary, and Shaghayegh Haghjoo Javanmard, Potent health effects of pomegranate, advanced biomedical research, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ articles/PMC 4007340/ 8 Parmar VS, Jain SC, Gupta S, Polyphenols and alkaloids from Piper species. Phytochem, 49(4), 1998, 1069-1071. 9 Pruthi JS. Spices and Condiments, 4 th ed. Delhi (INDIA): National Book Trust Publisher; 1992 10 Meghwal and Goswami, 1:2 http://dx.doi.org/10. 4172/scientific reports.172. 11 R. K. Johri, Cuminum cyminum and Carum carvi: An update Pharmacogn Rev. 2011 JanJun;5(9): 63– 72. 12 V. Govindarajan, Ginger-chemistry technology and quality evaluation: Part-I CRC. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 17, (1982), 1 – 96. 13 Chericoni S, Prieto JM, Iacopini P, Cioni P, Morelli I: In vitro activity of the essential oil of cinnamomum zeylanicum and eugenol in peroxynitrite induced oxidative processes. Journal Agric Food Chem 2005, 53:4762 – 4765. 14 Al Bataina BA, Maslat AO, Al Kofahil MM. Element analysis and biological studies on ten oriental spices using XRF and Ames test. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2003;17(2):85-90. 15 Majumder et al, International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol 5, Issue 4, 74-83. 16 Shama p v, Dravyaguna vigyan vol. 2 (vegetable drugs), Chaukhamba Bharati academy, Varanasi, reprint edition 2006 ******************************* How to cite this article: Mohit Arora, Pavitra Malik. Clinical efficacy of Vrahat Dadimashtak Choorna in Sangrahani w.s.r. to IBS: A Critical Review. J Ayurveda Integr Med Sci 2024;10:133-138. http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.9.10.22 Source of Support: Nil, Conflict of Interest: None declared.

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