The Role of Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa in Ayurveda: A Focus on Upavas Chikitsa

REVIEW ARTICLE September 2024 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | September 2024 | Vol. 9 | Issue 9 78 The Role of Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa in Ayurveda: A Focus on Upavas Chikitsa Shivani R. Naxine 1 , Harish Kumar Purohit 2 , Brijesh R. Mishra 3 1 Post Graduate Scholar, Department of PG Ayurved Samhita and Siddhant, Shri Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. 2 Associate Professor, Department of PG Ayurved Samhita and Siddhant, Shri Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. 3 Principal & HOD, Department of PG Ayurved Samhita and Siddhant, Shri Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. I NTRODUCTION The diseases are mainly caused by three Karanas – Atiyoga, Ayoga and Mithya Yoga of Kala, Artha and Karma where Karma refers to either of Purvajanmakrita or Ihajanmakrita which would result in the manifestation of the disorders. “ धातवो वातादयो रसादयश्च तथा रजःप्रभतृ यश्च |” (Chakrapani. Cha. Su 9/4) Address for correspondence: Dr. Shivani R. Naxine Post Graduate Scholar, Department of PG Ayurved Samhita and Siddhant, Shri Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. E-mail: shivaninaxine 28@gmail.com Submission Date: 13/08/2024 Accepted Date: 24/09/2024 Access this article online Quick Response Code Website: www.jaims.in DOI: 10.21760/jaims.9.9.11 All the definitions of Chikitsa suggest the purpose of Ayurveda as maintenance of health of a healthy individual and to cure the disease of diseased. The status of health is defined by Dhatusamyavastha. [1] Vishama Dhatus can be brought back to normalcy by three types of Chikitsa i.e., Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa, Yuktivyapashraya Chikista and Satwavajaya Chikitsa . Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa has been mentioned in the beginning because of its “Ashukaritva”. It includes Mantra, Oshadhi, Mani, Mangala, Bali, Upahara, Homa, Niyama, Prayashtitta, Upavas, Swastyayana, Pranipata, Gamana etc [2] The term Daivavyapashraya can be split into 2 parts 'Daiva' and ' Vyapashraya' 1 'Daiva' ( दैवम् ) means divine or god's/heavenly 2 'Vyapashraya' ( व्यपाश्रय ) means dependent on. Daivavyapashraya is literally mean that any therapy which depends on or linked to Daiva. A B S T R A C T Introduction: The disease preventive and health leading approach of ‘Ayurveda’ , which takes into consideration the whole body, mind and spirit while dealing with the maintenance of health. In the realm of traditional Indian medicine, Ayurveda, and its holistic approach to health and wellness, the concept of Daivayavpashraya Chikitsa holds significant importance. Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa is one of the three treatment modalities listed in Charak Samhita for Shririk Dosha (bodily elements) and Manasik Dosha (psychological attributes). This ancient healing philosophy emphasizes the integration of natural elements and practices to restore balance and promote well-being. Among its various modalities, Upavas Chikitsa, or therapeutic fasting, stands out as a potent therapeutic tool. Objectives: 1)To review literature related to the concept of Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa .2)To find out details about Upavas Chikitsa. Material and Methods: Ayurveda text, Ayurveda Samhita, published articles are review for compilation and analysis of the concepts. Discussion and Conclusion: Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa works on the basis on Prabhava (unknown /unexplainable mode of action, not undergoing digestion but showing its action) Upavas Chikitsa is not merely about abstaining from food; it involves a structured approach tailored to individual constitution ( Prakriti ), health conditions, and seasonal variations. Key words: Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa, Sharirik Dosha, Mansik Dosha, Upawas Chikitsa

Shivani R. Naxine et al. The Role of Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa in Ayurveda ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE September 2024 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | September 2024 | Vol. 9 | Issue 9 79 The mode of action of Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa is beyond the purview of reasoning. It included procedure such as mantra therapy, wearing Mani (precious gemes), Bali (religious sacrifice), Homa (offering ghee in fire), Upahara (oblations), Niyama (vow), Upavas (fasting), Swastyayana (Auspicious hymns), Pranipata (paying obeisance), Gamanam (pilgrimage) [3] In Tisraishaneeya Adhyaya of Charaka Samhita Sutrasthana Acharya proves the presence of rebirth ( Punarjanma ) with the help of Chatur Vidha Pramana- Aptopadesha , Prathyaksha, Anumana and Yukti . There it is explained that actions Performed in the previous life which is unavoidable, Avinashi (eternal), Aanubandhika (continues in this life) is known as Daiva. The results of which are enjoyed in this life [4] Ayurveda, the concept of Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa is indeed mentioned in various texts, providing insights into its application and principles. Here are references to some of the classical Ayurvedic texts where you can find discussions on Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa in healing. Charak Samhita : Charaka Samhita , one of the foundational texts of Ayurveda , discusses the concept of Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa in the context of certain diseases that are considered to be caused by spiritual factors. It emphasizes the use of prayers, rituals, and spiritual healing practices alongside medicinal treatments [5] Sushruta Samhita : another important Ayurvedic text, also touches upon the role of spiritual healing methods in the management of diseases. It describes specific rituals and practices that can be employed to address ailments believed to have spiritual origins [6] Ashtanga Hridaya : Ashtanga Hridaya , compiled by Vagbhata , integrates concepts from both Charaka and Sushruta Samhitas . It includes discussions on Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa , providing further insights into its application and significance in Ayurvedic practice [7] A IMS AND O BJECTIVES 1 To review literature related to the concept of Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa. 2 To find out details about Upavas Chikitsa. M ATERIALS AND M ETHODS The references for article has been collected from Ayurveda texts, Ayurveda Samhita, published research articles, electronics database. Understanding Upavas in Ayurveda: A Comprehensive Overview Upavas is derived from ‘ Vas’ Dhatu meaning to dwell and ‘Ghnya’ Prataya and starts with ‘Upa’upasarga [Upa+Vas+Ghnya] meaning towards, near to, by the side of [8] Thus, Upavas can be understood as "dwelling near" or "approaching" a state of increased awareness or spiritual focus through fasting. to abide in a state of abstinence, from food [9] Ahara is stated to be a Karana of the Sharira as well as Roga ; [10] hence, the treatment could also be with Ahara . Digestion, according to Ayurveda , is like acid. If you pour too much fuel all at once on the flames, you simply put the fire out. Fasting is a powerful method to lightning the digestive fire that contributes to all aggregated toxins that are saturated in the body and mind being burned away [11] Ayurvedic text, Langhana is stated to be the best treatment for Santarpanotha Vyadhi . Here, Langhana has been described under a broad aspect, and ten treatment modalities have been grouped under this umbrella. The definition of the Langhana is given as that which causes lightness of the body [12] Here the Upavasa and Pachana types of Langhanas in Ayurveda . Types of Upavas [fasting] 1) Nirahara - without taking food 2) Phalahara - with fruits ▪ Sajala - with drinking water ▪ Nirjala - without drinking water One should consider his Prakriti before fasting. Key Aspects of Upavas in Ayurveda Purpose and Benefits 1. Detoxification: Upavas is used to cleanse the digestive system and remove accumulated toxins

Shivani R. Naxine et al. The Role of Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa in Ayurveda ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE September 2024 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | September 2024 | Vol. 9 | Issue 9 80 (ama). It helps in flushing out waste products and rejuvenating the body. 2. Digestive Health: Fasting allows the digestive organs to rest, which can improve digestion and absorption when food is reintroduced. 3. Dosha Balance: Fasting helps in balancing the three Doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha) by stabilizing the digestive fire ( Agni ) and removing excess dosha imbalances. 4. Mental Clarity: Upavas is believed to enhance mental clarity and spiritual awareness making the mind more receptive to divine energies., 5. Strengthening Willpower: The discipline required for Upavas [fasting] strengthens mental resilience and self-control. Guidelines for Practicing Upavas : ▪ Personalization: Fasting practices should be tailored to individual needs, dosha type, and seasonal changes. What works for one person might not be suitable for another. ▪ Preparation: Preparing the body for fasting by consuming light and easily digestible foods in the days leading up to the fast is advised. ▪ Hydration: Staying well-hydrated is important, especially during fasting periods. Herbal teas or warm water are often recommended. ▪ Breaking the Fast: It is crucial to break the fast with light, easily digestible foods to prevent digestive discomfort. Seasonal and Dosha Considerations ▪ Seasonal Fasting: Ayurveda recommends aligning fasting practices with seasonal changes to support the body’s natural rhythms. For instance, lighter fasting might be preferred in warmer months. ▪ Dosha Alignment: Fasting practices can be adjusted based on one's Dosha balance. For example, Vata individuals may need more frequent hydration and light foods, while Pitta individuals might focus on cooling and calming foods. Precautions ▪ Consultation: It is advisable to consult with an Ayurvedic practitioner before starting any fasting regimen, especially if there are existing health conditions. ▪ Moderation: Extreme fasting or prolonged fasting without proper guidance can lead to imbalances and digestive disturbances. Individual Needs: Fasting might not be suitable for everyone, such as pregnant or nursing women, children, or those with certain medical conditions. Scientific Perspective: Modern research supports many of the health benefits attributed to fasting. Studies have shown that intermittent fasting can improve metabolic health, reduce inflammation, and promote longevity. The psychological benefits, including improved focus and emotional stability, align with the traditional Ayurvedic view of fasting as a holistic practice. CONCLUSION Ayurveda , the ancient Indian system of medicine, categorizes treatments into three main types: Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa (spiritual or divine therapy), Yuktivyapashraya Chikitsa (rational therapy), and Sattvavajaya Chikitsa (psychological therapy). Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa involves spiritual practices aimed at invoking divine intervention to cure ailments. This article delves into Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa , focusing particularly on Upavas (fasting), a significant component of this therapeutic approach. Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa, with its focus on spiritual remedies, offers a unique approach to health and healing. Upavas, as an integral part of this therapy, exemplifies the confluence of physical detoxification and spiritual purification. While rooted in ancient traditions, the principles of fasting resonate with contemporary scientific findings, underscoring its relevance in modern holistic healthcare. By integrating such timeless practices, Ayurveda continues to provide a comprehensive framework for achieving and maintaining health in harmony with nature and the divine.

Shivani R. Naxine et al. The Role of Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa in Ayurveda ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE September 2024 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | September 2024 | Vol. 9 | Issue 9 81 REFERENCES 1 Charak Samhita of Agnivesha edited by vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukambha surabharti prakashan, sutrasthan, Adhyaya 9, verse 4, Edition 2021. 2 Charak Samhita of Agnivesha edited by vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukambha surabharti prakashan, sutrasthan, Adhyaya 11,verse 54,Edition 2021. 3 Charak Samhita of Agnivesha edited by vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukambha surabharti prakashan, VimanaSthana, Adhyaya 8,verse 87, Edition 2021 4 Charaka Samhita of Agnivesha edited by vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukambha surabharti prakashan , SutraSthana,,Adhyaya 11, verse 26, Edition 2021. 5 Charaka Samhita of Agnivesha edited by Vaidya yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukambha surabharti prakashan, sutrasthan, Adhayay 30, verse 26-31, Edition 2021. 6 Sushruta Samhita of Sushrut edited Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji Acharya, , Chaukambha surabharti prakashan ,Uttara Tantra Adhayay 59, verse 6-10,Edition 2022. 7 Ashtanga Hridaya of vagbhata edited by pt.Hari Ramchandra Shastri Narve, Chaukambha surabharti prakashan, Sutrasthana Adhyaya 1, verse 11-15,Edition 2022 8 Radhakanthadeva Shabda kalpa druma new Delhi: Rashtriya Sanskrit pratishtana, 2002,vol 1,pg 260 9 Sir M.Moneir Williams: A Sanskrit English Dictionary; Bhartiya granth Niketan new delhi, 2010;pg 206 10 Charak Samhita of Agnivesha edited by Vaidya yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukambha surabharti prakashan, Sutrasthan., Adhyaya 29,verse 41-42,Edition 2021. 11 Adiga SH, Adiga RS. Concept and Canons of Fasting in Ayurveda. J Fasting Health 2013;1(1):3740. 12 Charak Samhita of Agnivesha edited by vaidya yadavji Trikmji Acharya, Chaukambha surabharti prakashan, sutrasthan, Adhyaya 22, verse 18, Edition 2021. ******************************* How to cite this article: Shivani R. Naxine, Harish Kumar Purohit, Brijesh R. Mishra. The Role of Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa in Ayurveda: A Focus on Upavas Chikitsa. J Ayurveda Integr Med Sci 2024;9:78-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.9.9.11 Source of Support: Nil, Conflict of Interest: None declared. Copyright © 2024 The Author(s); Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization, Vijayapur (Regd). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and perform the work and make derivative works based on it only for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work is properly cited

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