Ekala Dravya Prayoga mentioned in classics for Ashmari Chikitsa - A Review

REVIEW ARTICLE August 2024 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | August 2024 | Vol. 9 | Issue 8 117 Ekala Dravya Prayoga mentioned in classics for Ashmari Chikitsa - A Review Sunona George 1 , M.S. Veena 2 1 2 nd Year Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Dravyaguna, Government Ayurveda Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. 2 Professor & HOD, Dept. of PG & PhD Studies in Dravyaguna, Government Ayurveda Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. I NTRODUCTION Ashmaanaam Raati Dhadhati Ya which means the formation of hard stony structure is Ashmari . Vedana at Nabhi, Basti, Sevini and Medra (pain in umbilical and inguinal region), Mutradhara Sangam (impaired urinary flow ), Gomedaka Prakasha Mutram (discolored urine) , Sa Rudhira Mutrata (Blood in the urine ), Sasiktham (along with gravel ) and Mutra Vikiranam are the features of Ashmari, clinical features of the same can be correlated to urolithiasis Sushruta mentioned Ashmari under Ashtomahagada due to its recurrence and bad prognosis [1] Urolithiasis, also known as renal Address for correspondence: Dr. Sunona George 2 nd Year Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Dravyaguna, Government Ayurveda Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. E-mail: sunonasaarag@gmail.com Submission Date: 15/07/2024 Accepted Date: 26/08/2024 Access this article online Quick Response Code Website: www.jaims.in DOI: 10.21760/jaims.9.8.17 calculi, is a condition where crystals in urine aggregate and form stones in urinary tract. The incidence and prevalence of urolithiasis have increased significantly over the past few decades due to factors such as changes in lifestyle, dietary habits and due to certain medications. Global warming will further increase the frequency of urolithiasis by 7-10% [2] With different treatment modalities, Acharya’s had mentioned different Ekamoolika Prayogas for curing Ashmari . In this article Ekamoolika Prayoga of different drugs along with its method of administration is mentioned A IM AND O BJECTIVES To analyze various Ekala Dravya Prayoga quoted in classics for Ashmari Chikitsa with method of administration M ATERIALS AND M ETHODS Ashmari According to Acharya Sushruta, Divaswapna (Day sleep) Samashana (Combining both compatible and non-compatible foods), Adhyashana (Eating food too frequently), Viruddha Ahara (Non compatible foods), over indulgence in Vyayama (physical exercise), A B S T R A C T Acharyas have described various disorders related to Mutravaha Srotas, with Ashmari being one such condition that can be correlated with urolithiasis based on its clinical features. It affects approximately 12 million people worldwide, with 1 in 10 individuals experiencing it at least once in their life-time, and 2% of cases being recurrent. Prevalence of renal calculi is more in males than in females about 11% in males and 9% in females. Though different treatment modalities are there for Ashmari, Ekala Dravya Prayogas are common, convenient, economical and effective method of treatment. Acharyas have described drugs such as Sigru (Moringa oleifera), Tumburu (Zanthoxylum alatum), Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris), Varuna (Crataeva nurvala) etc. for Ekamoolika Prayoga in Ashmari. Most of drugs are of Kashaya-Tikta Rasa, Laghu - Ruksha Guna and Tridosha-Hara which is administered with different Anupanas, found to be effective in Ashmari Chikitsa. Key words: Ashmari, Ekamoolika Prayoga, Urolithiasis, Ekala Dravya

Sunona George et al. Ekala Dravya Prayoga mentioned in classics for Ashmari Chikitsa ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE August 2024 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | August 2024 | Vol. 9 | Issue 8 118 excessive intake of Ruksha Madya (Consuming alcoholic beverages), Anupa Mamsa (Eating flesh of animals of marshy places) and Ajeerna (Indigestion) are considered to be causative factors of Ashmari. [3] Ashmari is a Tridoshaja Vyadhi where Vata cause Avarana to Basti and Parishoshana of Mutra, Mutra along with Pitta, Kapha and Sukra results in formation of Ashmari like the formation of Gorochana. [4] Mainly are of 4 types Vataja, Pittaja, Kaphaja and Sukrashmari. Table 1: Single drugs used in Ashmari Chikitsa according to Ayurvedic classical texts SN Drug Botanical Name Family Name Part used 1 Shigru Moringa oleifera Moringaceae Moola 2 Tumburu Zanthoxylum alatum Rutaceae Beeja 3 Haritaki Terminalia chebula Combretaceae Beeja 4 Kutaja Holarrhena antidysentrica Apocynaceae Twak 5 Trapusa Cucumis sativus Cucurbitaceae Beeja 6 Narikela Cocos nucifera Araeceae Pushp a 7 Gokshura Tribulus terrestris Zygophyllacea e Phala 8 Prunarnava Boerhaavia diffusa Nyctaginaceae Beeja 9 Mayurashik ha Adiantum lunulatum Polypodiacae Whole plant 10 Varuna Crataeva nurvala Capparidacea e Mula, twak 11 Haridra Curcuma longa Zingiberaceae Kanda 12 Bhringaraja Eclipta alba Asteraceae Whole plant 13 Vibhitaki Terminalia bellerica Combretaceae Beeja 14 Brahmi Bacopa monnieri Scrophuliarac eae Moola 15 Patala Stereospermu m suaveolens Bignonaceae Whole plant 16 Karavira Nerium oleander Apocynaceae Moola 17 Kushmanda Benincasa hispida Cucurbitaceae Phala, Pushp a 18 Pashanabhe da Saxifraga ligulata Saxifragaceae Moola 19 Talamula Curculigo orchioides Amaryllidacea e Kanda 20 Yava Kshara, Shilajathu, Madya Method of Administration of Single Herbs 1 Moola Kalka ( paste of root ) of Sigru along with cold water will cure Ashmari and Sarkara [5] 2 Yavakshara mixed with equal quantity of Sitopala (Sugar candy) 3 Choorna (powder) of Tumburu Beeja (seeds) mixed with honey and cow’s milk for seven days 4 Kalka (paste ) of Vibhitaki Beeja (seeds) with Sura (wine). 5 Shigru Moola Kashaya ( decoction of root) with lukewarm water [6] 6 Seeds of Haritaki or Punarnava bolied in milk. 7 Root of Mayurashikha along with Tandulambu. 8 Kapotavanga Moola (root) along with Sura (wine) or along with milk. 9 After drinking Madya taken for ride on chariot or horse ride will expels Ashmari [5] 10 Kutaja Twak Kalka (paste of bark) mixed with curd will cure Ashmari [7] 11 Trapusa Beeja (seed) / Narikela Pushpa (flower ) along with milk will expel Ashmari.

Sunona George et al. Ekala Dravya Prayoga mentioned in classics for Ashmari Chikitsa ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE August 2024 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | August 2024 | Vol. 9 | Issue 8 119 12 Gokshura Choorna (powder)along with honey and sheep’s milk will cure Ashmari in seven days. 13 Varuna Moola Kashaya (decoction of root) with Varuna Moola Kalka (paste of root) will cure Ashmari or Varuna Twak Kashaya (decoction of bark) along with Guda (jaggery) . [6] 14 Rajani Choorna (powder) along with Guda (jaggery) and Thushodaka (rice water). 15 Shilajathu powder along with honey. [8] 16 Bhringaraja powder along with sheep’s urine 17 Kshara (alkali) of Patala or Karavira along with sheep’s urine 18 Phala (fruit) and Pushpa (flower) Swarasa of Kushmanda along with Yavakshara and Guda [9] 19 Ghrita (ghee) cooked with Pashanabheda and cow’s urine [10] 20 Talamula Choorna along with water kept in Tamra Patra (copper vessel) for one Ahoratram (24 hrs) [11] DISCUSSION Table 2: Rasa - Panchaka and Doshaghnata of Dravyas . [12-14] SN Drug Rasa Guna Virya Vipaka Doshaghan ata 1. Shigru Katu Ruksha, Tikshna Ushna Katu Vata- Kaphahara 2. Tumbur u Tikta- Katu Laghu Ruksha Ushna Katu Vata- Kaphahara 3. Haritaki Lavana varjitha- Pancha Rasa Ruksha Ushna Madhur a Tridoshahar a 4. Kutaja Katu- Kashaya Ruksha Sheeta Katu Pitha-Kapha Shamaka 5. Trapusa Madhura Laghu Sheeta Madhur a Raktha-Pitta Hara 6. Gokshur a Madhura Guru, Snigdha Sheeta Madhur a Tridoshahar a 7. Prunarn ava Tikta Laghu Sheeta Katu Kapha-Pitta Shamaka 8. Varuna Kashaya, Madhura, Tikta, Laghu, Ruksha Ushna Katu Kapha- Vatahara 9. Haridra Tikta- Katu Ruksha, Laghu Ushna Katu Kapha- Pittahara 10. Mayura shikha (Hamsa padi) Madhura, Tikta, Kashaya Laghu, Ruksha Sheeta Katu Pitta- Kapha Hara 11. Bhringar aja Katu- Tikta Laghu, Ruksha Ushna Katu Kapha- Vatahara 12. Vibhitak a Kashaya Laghu, Ruksha Ushna Madhur a Tidoshahara 13. Patala Tikta, Kashaya Laghu, Ruksha Ushna Katu Tridoshahar a 14. Karavira Katu, Tikta Laghu, Ruksha Ushna Katu Kapha-Pitta Hara 15. Kushma nda Madhura Laghu, Snigdha Sheeta Madhur a Vata-Pitta Hara 16. Yavaksh ara Katu Ruksha, Laghu Ushna Katu Kapha-Vata Hara 17. Bhrami Tikta, Kashaya, Madhura Laghu, Sara Sheeta Madhur a Tridoshahar a 18. Pashana bheda Tikta, Kashaya Tikshna, Snigdha Sheeta Katu Tridoshahar a 19. Shilajath u Tikta, Katu Laghu Ushna Katu Kapha-Vata Hara, Chedana, 20. Talamul a Madhura, Tikta Guru, Snigdha Ushna Madhur a Vata-Pitta Hara Among them 6 drugs are Tridoshahara , 3 drugs are of Kapha - Pitta Hara , 3 drugs are Kapha - Vatahara , 2 drugs are Vata - Kaphahara ,2 drugs of Vata - Pitta Hara and 1 drug of Raktha - Pitta Hara . Method of administration of all the Dravyas is oral. Ashmari is a Tridoshaja Vyadhi among the drugs mentioned most of are Tridoshahara , some are of Kashaya, Tikta, Madhura Rasa which is Kapha - Vata Shamaka . Most of the drugs mentioned are of Laghu, Ruksha Guna thus it act as Sleshmahara where Sleshma is considered as Asraya of Ashmari. Drugs like Yavakshara and Shilajathu have Lekhana and Chedana actions. Ekamoolika Prayogas that can be advised in Kaphaja Ashmari - Bhringaraja powder along with sheep’s u rine as both drugs have Laghu, Ruksha and Ushna Guna . Shilajathu along with honey, as Shilajathu is Laghu , Ruksha and Chedana , also honey is Agrya in Sleshmahara Karma. Kshara of Patala or Karavira along with sheep’s urine as all these drugs

Sunona George et al. Ekala Dravya Prayoga mentioned in classics for Ashmari Chikitsa ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE August 2024 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | August 2024 | Vol. 9 | Issue 8 120 have Kapha Hara action. Haridra Choorna along with Thushodaka as both drugs is Laghu, Ruksha and Ushna. Ekamoolika Prayogas that can be advised in Pittaja Ashmari - Phala and Pushpa Swarasa of Kushmanda along with Yavakshara and Guda, as Kushmanda and Guda are Madhura Rasa and Sheeta Virya . Pashanabheda Kwatha along with Shilajathu and Sharkara , as Pashanabheda and Sharkara are Pittahara. Ekamoolika Prayogas that can be advised in Vataja Ashmari - Gokshura Choorna along with honey and sheep’s urine as Gokshura is Madhura Rasa, Guru and Snigdha also sheep’s urine is Ushna. Ekamoolika Prayogas that can be advised in Shukra Ashmari - According to Yogaratnakara Shatavari Mula Rasa along with milk is indicted in Shukra Ashmari . The drugs like Varuna, Shigru, Gokshura, Haridra, Shilajathu and Yavarkshara are proven for their antiurolithiatic activity. Lupeol extracted from Varuna not only prevented the formation of calculi but also reduced the size of renal stones [15] In Gokshura presence of quercetin, diosgenin, and tannic acid in the extract has a protective capacity rather than curing urolithiasis [16] Curcumin extracted from Haridra proven to have significant effect in both preventive as well as curative property in urolithiasis of rats [17] Presence of catechin, gallic acid, quercetin, and tannic acid in Pashanabheda are proven for its antiurolithiatic activity [18] Pathya - Apathya in Ashmari According to Bhaishajya Ratnavali Vaari Sevana (more fluid intake), Yava (barley), Kulattha (horse gram), Purana Sali (rice kept more than 1 year ), Kushmanda (ash guard ), Mudga (green gram) and ginger are advised for Ashmari Rogi. [19] Caffeinated drinks, beer and foods that high in oxalates like chocolates, nuts, beans (including soybeans), rhubarb, spinach, beets, green leafy vegetables, excess salt and black tea should be avoided. Additionally, a high intake of sodium, calcium and protein rich foods can contribute to renal stones [20] CONCLUSION Most of the drugs mentioned by Acharya’s are now proved experimentally for their anti urolithiatic activity. They are simple, easily available and economical with successful utility. Most of drugs are Laghu, Ruksha Guna and Tridoshahara which will be helpful in curing Ashmari. Proper administration of these Ekala Dravya along with Anupana is highly recommended in Ashmari Chikitsa REFERENCES 1 Susrutha, Susruta samhita, Nibhandhasangraha commentary, edited by Yadavaji Trikamaji Acharya and Narayan Ram Acharya, Nidana Stana, Chapter -3, verses- 7, Chaukhambha Orientalia Varanasi, Reprint edition 2021 page 164. 2 Carsten A Wagner, Etiopathogenic factors of urolithiasis Arch Esp Urol 2021 Jan;74(1):16-23 3 Susrutha, Susruta Samhita, Nibhandhasangraha commentary, edited by Yadavaji Trikamaji Acharya and Narayan Ram Acharya, Nidana Stana, Chapter -3, verses- 11, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi, Reprint edition 2021 page 164. 4 Vagbhata, Astangahridaya with Sarvangasundara commentary of Arunadatta edited by Pt. Hari Sadasiva Sastri Paradakara, Nidana Stana, chapter 9, verses-6-7, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, Edition Reprint 2014, page- 126. 5 Agnivesa, Caraka Samhita, Cakrapanidatta commentary, edited by Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Acharya, Chikitsastana, chapter-26 verses-27-30, page 602. 6 Vagbhata, Astangahridaya with Sarvangasundara commentary of Arunadatta edited by Pt. Hari Sadasiva Sastri Paradakara, chikitsa stana chapter 11, verses-31- 34, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan Varanasi, Edition Reprint 2014, page- 210. 7 Bhavamishra, Bhavaprakasha, edited by Pandit Sri Brahma Sankara Misra, Chikitsa Prakaran, vol-2, Ashmari Roga Adhikara, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Bhawan, Varanasi, Edition Reprint 2018, page- 210. 8 Yogaratnakara, commentary by Dr. Indradev Tripathi, Ashmari chikitsa, verses-4-7, Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, Edition-1998, page- 41-42.

Sunona George et al. Ekala Dravya Prayoga mentioned in classics for Ashmari Chikitsa ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE August 2024 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | August 2024 | Vol. 9 | Issue 8 121 9 Chakrapanidatta, Chakradatta, edited by Dr. Indradev Tripathi, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan Varanasi, Reprint Edition -2005, chapter-34, verses-26, page 213. 10 Vagbhata, Ashtanga Sangraha translated by Prof. K.R. Srikantha Murthy, vol 2, Chikitsastana, Chapter -13, verses -22. Varanasi, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Fifth edition -page 424 11 Bhavamishra, Bhavaprakasha, edited by Pandit Sri Brahma Sankara Misra, Chikitsa prakaran, vol-2, Ashmari roga adhikara, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Bhawan Varanasi, Edition Reprint 2018, page- 210. 12 Kaiyadeva Acharya, Kaiyadeva Nighantu edited and translated by Priyavrata Sharma and guruprasad, Oushadi varga, verses 247 Varanasi Chaukhambha Orientalia, 1979, page 323. 13 Pandit Narhari, Raja Nighantu, edited by Dr Indradeo Tripathi, Pippalyadi varga, verses- 179-181, Choukhambha Krishnadas Academy, page- 171. 14 Bhavamisra, Bhavaprakasha Nighantu, Hindi commentary by Prof. K.C Chunekar, Vatadi varga verses- 65-66 Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Reprint 2022, page 530. 15 R Anand, GK Patnaik, DK Kulshreshtha 1994 Antiurolithiatic activity of lupeol, the active constituent isolated from Crateva nurvala Wiley Online Library. 16 Sharma, I., Khan, W., & Ahmad, S., (2017). In vitro and ex vivo approach for anti-urolithiatic potential of bioactive fractions of gokhru with simultaneous HPLC analysis of six major metabolites and their exploration in rat plasma. Pharmaceut. Biol., 55(1), 701 – 711. 17 Mujeeb Ur Rahman, Juber Khan, Antiurolithiatic activity of curcumin against ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis in male Wistar rats. International Journal of Advances in Pharmacy Medicine and Bioallied Sciences. 2018;6(3)104-110. 18 Ikshit Sharma, Washim Khan. Antiurolithiasis Activity of Bioactivity Guided Fraction of Bergenia ligulata against Ethylene Glycol Induced Renal Calculi in Rat, https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1969525. 19 Govinda Das Bhaisajyaratnavali, edited by Bramhashankar Mishra, Volume -2, Chapter 16, verses- 70-73 Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, Edition : Reprint 2014, page-498. 20 Christy Krieg, The Role of Diet in the Prevention Of Common Kidney Stones, Urologic nursing, 2005 - uvm.edu ******************************* How to cite this article: Sunona George, M.S. Veena. Ekala Dravya Prayoga mentioned in classics for Ashmari Chikitsa - A Review. J Ayurveda Integr Med Sci 2024;8:117-121. http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.9.8.17 Source of Support: Nil, Conflict of Interest: None declared. Copyright © 2024 The Author(s); Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization, Vijayapur (Regd). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and perform the work and make derivative works based on it only for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work is properly cited

Other Science Concepts:

[back to top]

Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Ekala Dravya Prayoga mentioned in classics for Ashmari Chikitsa - A Review’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Varuna, Yava, Kulattha, Guda, Chedana, Lekhana, Kushmanda, Haridra, Mudga, Anupana, Pashanabheda, Yavakshara, Kaphahara, Pittahara, Vatahara, Tridoshahara, Madhurarasa, Curcuma longa, Terminalia chebula, Vatadosha, Pittadosha, Kaphadosha, Beer, Adiantum lunulatum, Benincasa hispida, Cocos nucifera, Eclipta alba, Nerium oleander, Tribulus terrestris, Ginger, Vataja Ashmari, Kaphaja Ashmari, Method of Administration, Clinical feature, Tikta Rasa, Kashaya Rasa, Journal of Ayurveda, Vataja, Pittaja, Kaphaja, Terminalia bellerica, Rasa-panchaka, Ushna guna, Urolithiasis, Renal calculi, Acharya Sushruta, Vata Pitta hara, Laghu Guna, Moringa oleifera, Tridoshaja vyadhi, Kashaya-tikta rasa, Vata-Kaphahara, Kapha Pitta Shamaka, Bacopa monnieri, Calcium, Kushmanda Swarasa, Ruksha Guna, Kapha Pitta hara, Sheeta virya, Mutravaha srota, Ashmari Chikitsa, Kapha Vata Hara, Single drug, Gokshura Choorna, Laghu-Ruksha-Guna, Shilajathu, Katu Kashaya, Oxalates, Anti-urolithiatic activity, Curculigo orchioides, Antiurolithiatic activity, Renal stone, Black tea, Cucumis sativus, Protein rich foods, Caffeinated Drinks, Haridra Choorna, Single herb, Guru and Snigdha, Sodium, Pitta Ashmari.