A conceptual study of Vachadi Gana, Haridradi Gana and Mustadi Gana of...

[Full title: A conceptual study of Vachadi Gana, Haridradi Gana and Mustadi Gana of Sushruta for its Stanyashodhana Property]

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REVIEW ARTICLE July 2024 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July 2024 | Vol. 9 | Issue 7 199 A conceptual study of Vachadi Gana, Haridradi Gana and Mustadi Gana of Sushruta for its Stanyashodhana Property Shefali Rana 1 , Navneet Sharma 2 , Chandni Gupta 3 1 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Dravyaguna Vigyana, Babe Ke Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital, VPO- Daudhar, Moga, Punjab, India. 2 Professor, Dept. of Dravyaguna Vigyana, Rajiv Gandhi Government Post Graduate Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Paprola, Himachal Pradesh, India. 3 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Dravyaguna Vigyana, Rajiv Gandhi Government Post Graduate Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Paprola, Himachal Pradesh, India. I NTRODUCTION The human race is experiencing a variety of health problems due to the adverse effects of globalization and urbanization. Plant-based medicines have long formed the bedrock of traditional medical systems in many countries. Because of the existence of phytochemical components, plant-based medicines continue to play a significant role in health care today. Address for correspondence: Dr. Shefali Rana Assistant Professor, Dept. of Dravyaguna Vigyana, Babe Ke Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital, VPO- Daudhar, Moga, Punjab, India. E-mail: riyarana 11094@gmail.com Submission Date: 06/05/2024 Accepted Date: 18/06/2024 Access this article online Quick Response Code Website: www.jaims.in DOI: 10.21760/jaims.9.7.30 They serve a vital role in preventing disease and promoting good health [2] According to the World Health Organization, herbal medicines are used by 80% of people globally for basic health care. Around 21,000 plant species have the potential to be utilized as medicinal plants, according to the WHO. Plant pharmaceuticals are projected to account for up to 25% of total drugs in industrialized nations like the United States, while they account for up to 80% in fastdeveloping countries like India and China. Herbs, according to ancient experts, are only remedies to a variety of health-related issues and disorders [3] In Classical literature, Stanya is mentioned as an Upadhatu of Rasa Dhatu , [4] which is beneficial to the physiological and psychological development of newborns as Stanya promotes longevity and nourishment [5] This necessitates the need for a highquality Stanya . Stanyasodhana Gana is a group of medicinal plants classified as Galacto-purifiers. The name is derived from two words: " Stanya ," which means "Breast milk," and " Shodhana ," which means A B S T R A C T Stanya is a major source of nourishment for infants up to the age of one year, according to Ayurvedic texts . Stanya has all the required nutrients for a baby's growth and development. As a result, Stanyapana (breastfeeding) is needed from the beginning of a newborn's life. Stanya is beneficial not only for the baby's growth and development but also to the immune system, which aids in the battle against various ailments. However, if vitiated by Doshas , it can be the underlying cause of a variety of illnesses in both the mother and the child. So, the vitiated Stanya must be managed. In ‘ Dravyasmgrahaniya Adhyaya’ of Sutrasthana , Acharya Sushruta discussed 37 Ganas. Drugs in these Ganas are gathered so that they almost have common pharmacodynamic properties and similar pharmacological actions. Out of 37 Ganas, Acharya Sushruta specifically mentioned Stanyashodhana property under three Ganas : Haridradi Gana , Vachadi Gana , and Mustadi Gana [1] Hence, the purpose of this study is to compile, analyze, and justify the rationale for selecting these Ganas for their Stanyashodhana properties. Key words: Stanyashodhana, Stanya, Stanyadushti, Haridradi Gana, Vachadi Gana, Mustadi Gana.

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Shefali Rana et al. A conceptual study of Vachadi Gana, Haridradi Gana and Mustadi Gana ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July 2024 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July 2024 | Vol. 9 | Issue 7 200 "Purify," implying that they enhance the quality of milk by cleansing and detoxifying if breast milk is vitiated [6] These drugs aid in the cleansing and detoxification of a mother's breast milk production, which is the source of a child's growth and wellness. As a result, this will aid in the prevention of probable breast illnesses in the mother as well as milk-borne infections in the newborn. A IM AND O BJECTIVE In this literary review, Gana having Stanyashodhana property described in Sushruta Samhita was compiled and reviewed to analyze their role in the purification of Dushita Stanya (impure breast milk). M ATERIALS AND M ETHODS For the literary review, Classical texts as well as recent research papers and review articles were extensively searched to establish their relevance. D RUG R EVIEW While managing the vitiation of Stanya , Classical texts of Ayurveda highlighted various drugs in different classical contexts. Acharya Sushruta mentioned three Gana for its Stanyashodhana property namely - Vachadi Gana, Haridradi Gana, and Mustadi Gana Ganas No. of drugs Vachadi Gana 6 Haridradi Gana 5 Mustadi Gana 16 Total 3 Ganas 27 Vachadi Gana Drugs of Vachadi Gana S N Sanskrit Name Botanical Name Family Part used 1. Vacha Acorus calamus Linn. Araceae Root 2. Nagarmoth a Cyperus rotundus Linn. Cyperaceae Tubers 3. Ativisha Aconitum heterophyllu m Wall. Ranunculace ae Root 4. Abhaya Terminalia chebula Retz. Combretacea e Fruit (pericarp) 5. Devadaru Cedrus deodara Roxb. Pinaceae Bark, heartwoo d, oil, leaves 6. Nagakesha ra Mesua ferrae Linn Calophyllace ae Stamens, leaves Properties of Drugs of Vachadi Gana S N Sanskrit Name Rasa Vipaka Virya Guna Dosha Pradhant a (As per P.V. Sharma) 1 Vacha Katu, Tikta Katu Ushna Laghu,T ikshna Kapha- Vatasham ka 2 Nagarm otha Tikta, Katu, Kashay a Katu Sheeta Laghu, Ruksha Kapha- Pittasham ka 3 Ativisha Katu, Tikta Katu Ushna Laghu, Ruksha Kapha- Pittasham ka 4 Abhaya Pancha rsa (except Lavana Kashay apradh ana ) Madhu r Ushna Laghu, Ruksha Tridoshas hamka 5 Devadar u Tikta Katu Ushna Laghu Snighdh a Kapha- Vatasham ka

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Shefali Rana et al. A conceptual study of Vachadi Gana, Haridradi Gana and Mustadi Gana ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July 2024 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July 2024 | Vol. 9 | Issue 7 201 6 Nagake shara Kashay a, Tikta Katu Ushna (Ishata) Laghu Ruksha Kapha- Pittasham ka Haridradi Gana Drugs of Haridradi Gana S N Sanskrit Name Botanical Name Family Part used 1 Haridra Curcuma longa Linn. Zingiberaceae Rhizome 2 Daru Haridra Berberis aristata DC. Berberidaceae Root, stem, fruit, extract ( Rasanjana ) 3 Kalasi / Prsniparn i Uraria picta Desv. Fabaceae Root 4 Indrayav a / Kutajabeeja Holarrhena antidysente rica Wall. Apocynaceae Bark, leaves, seeds, flowers 5 Yashti Madhu Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. Fabaceae Root Properties of Haridradi Gana S N Sanskrit Name Rasa Vipaka Virya Guna Dosha Pradhanta (As per P.V. Sharma) 1 Haridra Tikta, Katu Katu Ushn a Laghu, Ruksha Kapha- Vatashamka 2 Daru Haridra Tikta, Kashay a Katu Ushn a Laghu, Ruksha Kapha – Pittashamka 3 Kalasi/ Prsnipar ni Tikta, Kashay a Katu Ushn a Laghu, Snighd ha Tridoshasha mka 4 Indraya va/ Kutajabeeja Tikta, Kashay a Katu Sheet a Laghu, Ruksha Tridoshasha mka 5 Yashti Madhu Madhu ra Madhu ra Sheet a Guru, Snigdh a Vata – Pittashamka Mustadi Gana Drugs of Mustadi Gana S N Sanskrit Name Botanical Name Family Part used 1 Musta Cyperus rotundus Linn. Cyperaceae Tubers 2 Haridra Curcuma longa Linn. Zingiberace ae Rhizome 3 Daru Haridra Berberis aristata DC. Berberidace ae Root, stem, fruit, extract ( Rasanjana ) 4 Haritaki Terminalia chebula Retz. Combretace ae Fruit (pericarp) 5 Amalaki Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Euphorbiac eae Fruit (pericarp) 6 Bibhitaki Terminalia bellirica Roxb. Combretace ae Fruit (pericarp) 7 Kushtha Saussurea lappa C.B.Clarke Asteraceae Root 8 Haimavati Iris germanica Linn. Iridaceae Root 9 Vacha Acorus calamus Linn. Araceae Root 10 Patha Cissempelos pareira Linn. Menisperm aceae Root 11 Katurohini Picrorhiza kurroa Royle. Scrophulari aceae Root 12 Sharngash ta Dregia volubilis Benth. Asclepiadac eae Root 13 Ativisha Aconitum heterophyllu m Wall Ranunculac eae Root

Shefali Rana et al. A conceptual study of Vachadi Gana, Haridradi Gana and Mustadi Gana ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July 2024 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July 2024 | Vol. 9 | Issue 7 202 14 Dravidi Elettaria cardamomu m Maton. Zingiberace ae Seed 15 Bhallataka Semecarpus anacardium Linn. Anacardiace ae Fruit 16 Citraka Plumbago zeylanica Linn. Plumbagina ceae Root Properties of Mustadi Gana S N Sansk rit Name Rasa Vipak a Vir ya Guna Dosha Pradhant a (As per P.V. Sharma) 1. Musta Tikta, Katu, Kashaya Katu She eta Laghu, Ruksha Kapha – Pittasha mka 2. Haridr a Tikta, Katu Katu Ush na Laghu, Ruksha Kapha- Vatasha mka 3. Daru Haridr a Tikta, Kashaya Katu Ush na Laghu, Ruksha Kapha – Pittasha mka 4. Harita ki Pancharas a ( Except Lavana, Kashaya Pradhana) Madh ura Ush na Laghu, Ruksha Tridoshas hamka 5. Amala ki Pancharas a ( Except Lavana, Amla Pradhana) Madh ura She eta Guru, Ruksha, Sheeta Tridosha shamka 6. Bibhit aki Kashaya Madh ura Ush na Laghu, Ruksha Tridoshas hamka 7. Kusht ha Tikta, Katu, Madhura Katu Ush na Laghu, Ruksha, Tikshna Kapha- Vatasha mka 8. Haima vati Katu, Tikta Katu Ush na Laghu, Tikshna Kapha- Vatasha mka 9. Vacha Katu, Tikta Katu Ush na Laghu, Tikshna Kapha- Vatasha mka 10 Patha Tikta Katu She eta Laghu, Tikshna Kapha – Pittasha mka 11 Katur ohini Tikta Katu She eta Laghu, Ruksha Kapha – Pittasha mka 12 Sharn gasht a Tikta, Kashaya Katu Ush na Guru, Ruksha Tridoshas hamka 13 Ativis ha Katu, Tikta Katu Ush na Laghu, Ruksha Kapha- Pittasha mka 14 Dravid i Katu, Madhura Madh ura She eta Laghu, Ruksha Kapha- Vatasha mka 15 Bhalla taka Katu, Tikta, Kashaya Madh ura Ush na Laghu, Snigadha, Tikshana Kapha- Vatasha mka 16 Citrak a Katu Katu Ush na Laghu, Ruksha, Tikshana Kapha- Vatasha mka ▪ Note - In Mustadi Gana , Sharngeshta is a controversial drug which is considered as a variety of Murva ( Marsdenia tenacissima W & A.) due to their similar properties [7] ▪ Reported pharmacological activities of Drugs in Stanyashodhana Gana as per Modern research paper SN Pharmacological activities Drugs 1 Anti-Microbial Acorus calamus L., [8] Aconitum heterophyllum Wall, [9] Cedrus Deodara Roxb [10] Curcuma longa. [11] Berberis aristata DC, [12] Uraria picta Desv [13] Dregia

Shefali Rana et al. A conceptual study of Vachadi Gana, Haridradi Gana and Mustadi Gana ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July 2024 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July 2024 | Vol. 9 | Issue 7 203 volubilis Benth [14] Picrorhiza kurroa Royle, [15] Plumbago zeylanica Linn [16] 2 Antioxidant Acorus calamus L., [17] Cyperus rotundus Linn, [18] Terminalia chebula Retz, [19] Mesua ferrea L [20] Emblica officinalis Gaertn, [21] Terminalia bellirica Roxb [22] Saussurea lappa C.B, [23] Dregia volubilis Benth [14] Cissampelos pareira Linn, [24] Plumbago zeylanica Linn [16] 3 Immunomodulator Terminalia chebula Retz, [25] Mesua ferrea L [20] Glycyrrhiza glabra L [25] Emblica officinalis Gaertn, [21] Cissampelos pareira Linn [24] Elettaria cardamomum Maton [27] 4 Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Acorus calamus L., [28] Cyperus rotundus Linn, [29] Aconitum heterophyllum Wall, [30] Cedrus Deodara Roxb . [31] Curcuma longa L [32] Uraria picta Desv, [33] Holarrhena antidysentrica Wall [34] Emblica officinalis Gaertn, [35] Saussurea lappa C.B, [36] Iris germanica L [37] Cissampelos pareira Linn, [38] Semecarpus anacardium Linn, [39] Plumbago zeylanica Linn [40] O BSERVATION Detail assessment of all three Ganas based on the Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipaka to justify its Stanyashodhana property Rasa : Distribution of 61 Rasa components of 27 Drugs used for Stanyashodhana property. SN Rasa No. of drugs Percentage % 1. Tikta 23 37.7 2. Katu 16 26.2 3. Kashaya 13 21.3 4. Madhura 6 9.8 5. Amla 3 4.9 Vipaka : Distribution of 27 components of Vipaka of 27 Drugs used for Stanyashodhana property. SN Vipaka No. of drugs Percentage % 1. Katu 20 74.1 2. Madhura 7 25.9 Virya : Distribution of 27 components of Virya of 27 Drugs used for Stanyashodhana property. SN Virya No. of drugs Percentage % 1. Ushna 19 70.3 2. Sheeta 8 29.6 Guna : Distribution of 58 components of Guna of 27 Drugs used for Stanyashodhana property. SN Guna No. of drugs Percentage % 1. Laghu 24 41.4 2. Ruksha 19 32.7 3. Tikshna 7 12.2 4. Snighdha 4 6.8 5. Guru 3 5.2 6. Sheeta 1 1.7 R ESULT As per above mentioned data (Table), all drugs with in mentioned Gana have Pradhanata of Tikta Rasa , along with Laghu - Ruksha Guna , Ushna Virya , and Katu Vipaka [41] All these properties are opposite to the properties of three Dosha as Ushna Virya may oppose Vata Dosha , Tikta Rasa may oppose Pitta Dosha whereas Laghu-Ruksha Guna and Katu Vipaka may oppose Kapha Dosha. DISCUSSION As per the Ayurvedic view Stress and poor eating habits of the mother impact the quality and potency of breast milk, aggravating the

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Shefali Rana et al. A conceptual study of Vachadi Gana, Haridradi Gana and Mustadi Gana ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July 2024 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July 2024 | Vol. 9 | Issue 7 204 Doshas (Mainly Kapha Dosha ). The aggravated Doshas are then incorporated into the Rasa Dhatu , further vitiating the Stanya , which is the Rasa Dhatu's Upadhatu . A Stanya will be called Dushita (Impure) if it has aberrant color, smell, taste, or touch, as well as other abnormal Gunas . This Stanya is incapable of providing nutrition and good health to the infant. This condition is known as Stanya Dushti [42] As a result, we require drugs that can cleanse the impurity and enhance the quality of Stanya (breastmilk). On analyzing the result, it is clear that there is Pradhanata of Tikta Rasa , Laghu - Ruksha Guna , Ushna Virya , and Katu Vipaka. As Tikta Rasa has Akash Mahabhuta Pradhanta , which might be responsible for providing space (or passage) for obstructed channels ( Strotoavrodha ). Whereas the presence of Laghu and Ruksha Gunas , Katu Vipaka , and Ushna Viryas , aid in the Samyak Pachana (Absorption) of Dosha mainly Kapha Dosha , which may be one of the causes of Strotoavrodha This explains that these pharmacodynamics properties have two main pharmacological actions, one is Strotosudhi and the second is Samayka Panchna of Dosha , which will clean the blocked channels and bring back the Dosha to their normal state, resulting in the restoration of the vitiated Rasadhatu and thus in the management of Stanyadushti . Other than the Stanyashodhana property, Acharya Sushruta also gives other concrete indications for all these three Ganas . Vachadi and Haridradi Gana should be used in the case of Amatisara (A condition in which Ama Dosaha has developed excessively in the body), as these drugs especially act as Amapachaka . Whereas in the case of Shleshma Vridhi and Yonidosha , the Mustadi Gana should be chosen since the drugs in this Gana have mainly Kapha-Dosha-Hara properties, which also aid in the management of Yonidosha . As per Modern science view According to recent research studies, these drugs also possess Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Immunomodulator, Anti-inflammatory, and Analgesic effects. Antimicrobial activity helps to manage breastrelated diseases like mastitis, and breast abscess in the mother and lowers the incidence of developing various infections in infants. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects will protect the mother from inflammatory damage and subside the pain if occur. The antioxidant effect reduces oxidative damage at the cellular level. Whereas the Immunomodulatory effect boosts maternal immunity. CONCLUSION Breast milk is regarded as an important source of energy for the health and development of infants. Any kind of impurity leads to Stanyadushti. Consumption of Dushita Stanya causes poor growth and development, as well as a weakened immune system. As a result, the fundamental cause must be addressed. The overall goal of this study is to give a mutual understanding of the Vachadi , Haridradi , and Mustadi Ganas' Stanyashondhana property. As all 27 drugs within the mentioned 3 Gana having Pradhanata of Tikta Rasa , along with Laghu - Ruksha guna , Ushna Virya , and Katu Vipaka help to cleanse the channels and Pachana of Dosha lead to Stanyashuddhi . These drugs also possess Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Immunomodulator, Antiinflammatory, and analgesic effects which have a significant role in enhancing the quality of breast milk and reducing its impurities. This collective knowledge of drugs will not only assist physicians in selecting appropriate drugs, either alone or in combination, to enhance the qualities of Stanya but will also motivate researchers to conduct further studies to identify their mechanism of action and efficacy in Stanya Dushti . REFERENCES 1 Sushruta Samhita, Sutrasthana, Hindi commentary by Kaviraja Ambika Dutta Shastri, AMS, Part – I, Chapter 38, Shloka No. – 26, 27, 28, 54, 55 2 Amit Kumar Garg, Mohammed Faheem, Sumer Singh; Role of Medicinal Plant in Human Health Disease, at Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research, 2021, 11 (1):19-21. 3 https://www.nhp.gov.in/introduction-and-importance-ofmedicinal-plants-and-herbs_mtl 4 Charaka Samhita, Chikitsa-sthana, Hindi commentary by Chakrapani Datta, Chapter 15, Shloka No. – 17. 5 Charaka Samhita, Sutra-sthana, Hindi commentary by Chakrapani Datta, Chapter 27, Shloka No, - 224.

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Shefali Rana et al. A conceptual study of Vachadi Gana, Haridradi Gana and Mustadi Gana ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July 2024 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July 2024 | Vol. 9 | Issue 7 206 analgesic activity of Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud. wood oil, J Ethnopharmacol 1999 Apr;65(1):21-7. 32 Asha Jacob, Rongqian Wu, Mian Zhou and Ping Wang. Mechanism of the Anti-inflammatory Effect of Curcumin: PPAR- γ Activation, PPAR Res 2007; 2007: 89369. 33 K. Naik, Ramar Krishnamurthy. Anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extracts of pseudarthria viscida and uraria picta against carrageenan induced paw edema in albino rat, January 2018 Open Access Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 9(1):1-11 34 Dabhi K.R., Ganatra T.H., Solanki V.R., Tirgar P.R., Desai T.R. To Study Analgesic and CNS Stimulant Activities of Seeds of Holarrhena antidysenterica in Laboratory Animals Joshi U.H. IJPI’s Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vol 1:6 (2011) 35 Mahaveer Golechha, Vikas Saranga. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Emblica officinalis in Rodent Models of Acute and Chronic Inflammation: Involvement of Possible Mechanisms, International Journal of Inflammation / 2014. 36 Hend M Tag, Howayda E Khaled, Hayat A A Ismail, Nahla S El- Shenawy. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential of the ethanolic extract of the Saussurea lappa root (costus) on adjuvant-induced monoarthritis in rats, J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol, 2016 Jan;27(1):71-8. 37 Atta-ur- Rahman, Shama Nasim. Anti-inflammatory isoflavonoids from the rhizomes of Iris germanica, July 2003 Journal of Ethnopharmacology 86(2-3):177-80 38 G Amresh 1, G D Reddy, Ch V Rao, P N Singh. Evaluation of antiinflammatory activity of Cissampelos pareira root in rats, J Ethnopharmacol, 2007 Apr 4;110(3):526-31. 39 Jabbar, Shaila. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of semecarpus anacardium linn, Hamdard Med. 1998; 41 (4): 73- 80. 40 Vineet Mittal, SK Sharma. A comparative study of analgesic activity of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. callus an root extracts in experimental mice, RJPBCS, October - December 2010, Page No. 830 -36. 41 Acharya P.V.Sharma, Dravyaguna Vigyana, Volume -2. 42 Ankit Agrawal, Deepika Mehra, Sujit Kumar, Mariya Husain, Vaidehi V Raole and Sunil P Nikhate. A conceptual study on Stanya: An ayurvedic review; The Pharma Innovation Journal 2019; 8(5): 118-122. ******************************* How to cite this article: Shefali Rana, Navneet Sharma, Chandni Gupta. A conceptual study of Vachadi Gana, Haridradi Gana and Mustadi Gana of Sushruta for its Stanyashodhana Property. J Ayurveda Integr Med Sci 2024;7:199-206. http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.9.7.30 Source of Support: Nil, Conflict of Interest: None declared. Copyright © 2024 The Author(s); Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization, Vijayapur (Regd). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/unported [CC BY 4.0]), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and perform the work and make derivative works based on it only for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work is properly cited

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