Role of Gandhak Rasayan in Kshudra Kushtha - A Review Article

REVIEW ARTICLE March 2024 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | March 2024 | Vol. 9 | Issue 3 168 Role of Gandhak Rasayan in Kshudra Kushtha - A Review Article Heena Kaushik 1 , Brijender Singh Tomar 2 , Satbir Kumar Chawla 3 1 Post Graduate Scholar, 1 st year, Dept. of Agada Tantra, Institute for Ayurved Studies & Research, Faculty of Ayurveda, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India. 2 Professor, Dept. of Agada Tantra, Institute for Ayurved Studies & Research, Faculty of Ayurveda, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India. 3 Associate Professor, Dept. of Agada Tantra, Institute for Ayurved Studies & Research, Faculty of Ayurveda, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India. I NTRODUCTION Skin is the largest organ of the body constituting the integumentary system, comprising of skin, hair and nails etc. It constitutes 16% of body weight. Skin has the total surface area varying 1.2 to 2.2 sq.m. It is a combined product of ectoderm as well as of mesoderm. Kushtha (skin disorder or dermatosis) is a Address for correspondence: Dr. Heena Kaushik Post Graduate Scholar, 1 st year, Dept. of Agada Tantra, Institute for Ayurved Studies & Research, Faculty of Ayurveda, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India. E-mail: heenakaushik 17@gmail.com Submission Date: 15/01/2024 Accepted Date: 21/02/2024 Access this article online Quick Response Code Website: www.jaims.in DOI: 10.21760/jaims.9.3.25 chronic disease which presents with ugly colors / complexion/ texture and altered tactile perceptions of the skin. Tvacha (skin) is a seat of Sparshanrndriya . It carries the sensation of touch and it also covers the internal part of the body. Tvacha (skin) is ‘Panchbhautik’ but out of them Vayumahabhuta is prominent one [1] The word Kushtha is derived from Kushnati Vapuh meaning that “which alters complexion of body by extracting”. Kushtha is a compendium of various skin diseases, divided into two groups i.e., major ( Maha Kushtha ) and minor ( Kshudra Kushtha ). Seven types of major and eleven types of minor skin disorders. All the types of Kushtha are caused due to vitiation of Tridosha with involvement of skin, blood, lymph and muscular tissue. Skin is a sensory organ too, and is seat of Vata Dosha . In case of Kushtha vitiated vata in skin manifests as, horripilations, numbness, and loss of tactile perceptions [2] Skin is the sub-tissue or Upadhatu of Mamsa Dhatu , texture of skin depends upon muscle texture, so the A B S T R A C T Ayurveda is an ancient medical science, which not only treats the diseases but it also emphasizing for a healthy life. Ayurveda’s main aim is to maintaining Dhatusamya of body. The person who follows the rules of Dincharya, Ritucharya and Aahar Vihar able to live healthy life. But in today’s lifestyle it is difficult to follows these rules and due to sedentary changes in daily habits of diet, work etc. This continuous exposure to these factors various systemic changes are occurring in our body, these factors mainly vitiates Rakta Dhatu and in Kshudra Kushtha (Minor skin diseases) also the vitiation of Rakta Dhatu . There are two types of Kustha, Maha Kushta and Kshudra Kustha. Mahakustha is of eight types and Kshudra Kustha is of eleven types. According to Ayurveda, Tvacha (skin) is a seat of Sparshanrndriya . It carries the sensation of touch and it also covers the internal part of the body. Tvacha (skin) is ‘ Panchbhautik’ but out of them Vayumahabhuta is prominent one. Gandhak Rasayana is one of the oral medicines described for many skin diseases. Gandhak Rasayana mainly acts on skin, blood and it is Rasayana in action. So, it more or less acts on all Doshas and Dhatus . Key words: Kshudrakushtha, Twakroga, Gandhak Rasayan, Rakta Dhatu.

Heena Kaushik et al. Role of Gandhak Rasayan in Kshudra Kushtha - A Review Article ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE March 2024 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | March 2024 | Vol. 9 | Issue 3 169 dermal deformities spread upto the Mamsa Dhatu or musculature and skin texture causing ugly shape of skin lesions. Etiology of Kshudra Kushtha विरोधीन्यन्नपानानन द्रिस्ननग्धगुरूणि च | भजतामागताां छर्दिं िेगाांश्चान्यान्रनतघ्नताम ् || ४ || व्यायाममनतसन्तापमनतभुक्त्िोपसेविनाम् | शीतोष्िलङ्घनाहारान् क्रमां मुक्त्िा ननषेवििाम ् || ५ || घममश्रमभयातामनाां द्रुतां शीताम्बुसेविनाम् | अजीिामध्यशशनाां चैि पञ्चकमामपचाररिाम ् || ६ || निान्नदधधम्नयानतलििाम्लननषेवििाम ् | माषमूलकवपष्टान्ननतलक्षीरगुडाशशनाम् || ७ || व्यिायां चाप्यजीिेऽन्ने ननद्राां च भजताां र्दिा | विरान् गुरून् धषमयताां पापां कमम च कुिमताम् || ८ || Viruddha Annapana , excessive intake of Drava, Snigdha and Guru Dravyas ; restraining natural urges like vomiting etc; exercising or coming in contact of excessive heat after eating excessive quantity of food. Indulging in habits such as, taking Shita (cold) quality food etc. followed by Ushna (hot) quality or either fasting followed by heavy meals. Having cold water immediately after exposure to scorching sun, exertion and fear, eating uncooked or raw foods or having meals although previously taken meals have not been digested. Indulging in food and other habits which have been restricted during the phase of Panchakarma . Consuming new grains, curds, fish, excessive salty and sour food items. Black grams, radish, food prepared from flour paste, sesame, milk and jaggery products. Indulging in sexual activity even if the food is not well digested (sexual intercourse immediately after taking food), sleeping during day time, insulting peers like Brahmin / Guru and other respected personal and doing sinful acts are the etiological and risk factors of Kushtha. [3] Pathogenic factors of Kshudra Kushtha िातादयस्त्रयो दुष्टान्िग्रक्तां माांसमम्बु च | दूषयस्न्त स कुष्ठानाां सप्तको द्रव्यसङ्ग्रहः || ९ || The vitiated three Doshas Vata, Pitta, Kapha along with impaired Tvak (skin) , Rakta (blood) , Mamsa (muscles) and Ambu (water) together constitute seven essential entities which play role in pathogenesis of Kushtha. [4] Premonitory signs and symptoms नपशामज्ञ्िमनतनिेदो न िा िैिर्णयममुन्ननतः | कोठानाां लोमहषमश्च कर्णडूनतोदः श्रमः क्तलमः || ११ || व्रिानामधधकां शूलां शीघ्रो्पविस्श्चरस्निनतः | दाहः [ १ ] सुप्ताङ्गता चेनत कुष्ठलक्षिमग्रजम् || १२ || Decreased touch sensation, excessive sweating or absence of sweating (which may be localized or generalized), change in color (discoloration), papules on skin, horripilation, pruritus, pricking pain, physical exhaustion, mental fatigue, severe pain in ulcerated area, sudden appearance and chronic the ulcers, burning sensation, numbness are the premonitory symptoms of skin disease [5] Types of Kshudra Kushtha Minor skin diseases are known as Kshudra Kushta. Kshudra Kushta can be classified into eleven and they are 1 Eka Kushta - Vitiation of Kapha-Dosha is the main factor behind Eka Kushta . Here the lesions are spread over an extended area of the skin. 2 Kitibha - The affected skin is very hard and rough in touch. The predominance of Vata and Kapha are the reasons for Kitibha disease. Here one can find blackish-brown discoloration of the skin. 3 Charmakyam - Here the skin looks like the skin of an elephant. Also, the skin would be very rough in touch. An increase in the Vata and Kapha Doshas causes Charmakyam . The infection spreads in a vast area. 4 Dadru Mandala - Redness and intense itching sensations are the main symptoms of Dadru Mandala . Pitta and Kapha predominance is the main reason for Dadru Mandala Kushta . 5 Vipadika - An increase in Vata and Kapha dosha leads to Vipadika . Cracks in the palm and severe pain are the symptoms of Vipadika .

Heena Kaushik et al. Role of Gandhak Rasayan in Kshudra Kushtha - A Review Article ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE March 2024 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | March 2024 | Vol. 9 | Issue 3 170 6 Vicharchika - Kapha Dosha predominance causes Vicharchika . Here the symptoms are itching sensations and blackish-brown eruptions. 7 Shataru - Redness around the skin with multiple lesions is the major symptom of Shataru . Pitta and Kapha predominance leads to Shataru . Severe pain is the main symptom of Shataru . 8 Sphota - Here one can find white colour skin around the lesion and the skin over the lesion would be thin. Pitta and Kapha Dosha predominance leads to Sphota . 9 Pama - Intense itching of the affected skin is the main symptom of Pama . Pitta and Kapha predominance cause Pama Kushta . Here the eruptions look white, yellowish, red, and blackish-brown in colour. 10 Charmadala - Here the symptoms are itching, severe pain, boils, redness around the skin, cracks on the skin, etc. An imbalance of Pitta and Kapha causes Charmadala . 11 Alasaka - Major symptoms of Alasaka are itching, redness around the skin, boils, etc. Vata and Kapha Doshas cause Alasaka . Composition of Gandhak Rasayan [6] Sudha Gandhak (purified Sulphur), Twak ( Cinnnamomum zeylanicum ), Ela (Cardamom), Patra ( Cinnamomum tamala ), Nagkeshara ( Mesua ferrea ), Haritaki ( Terminalia chebula ), Amalaka ( Emblica officinalis ), Vibhitaki ( Terminalia bellerica ), Shunthi ( Gingerber officinalis ), Bhrigaraaja ( Eclipta alba ), Sita Mishri . Dose - 4 to 8 Rati Morning and Evening with water. Mechanism of action of Gandhak Rasayan It mainly acts on skin, blood and it is Rasayana in action. So, it more or less acts on all Doshas and Dhatus . Gandhak is Ushna Veeryatmaka and Katu Rasa Vipaki so acts as best Kaphghna and Kledaghna . Gandhak Rasayan helps to destroy the Samprapti (pathogenesis) of Kshudra Kushtha due to its Ushnaveerya and Katukashay Rasa . Uses of Gandhak Rasayan It is used in Kustha , Blood related skin disorders, Dhaatukshay, Prameh, Mandaagni (poor digestion) and Udarshool (pain abdomen) etc [7] Gandhak Rasayana Vati (tablet) exhibited good clinical improvement in term of relieving individual symptoms as well as reducing severity of disease. Daha, Kandu, Ruja and Sparshaasahatva were significantly reduced. Also, significant relief in Tvak-Vaivarnyata was observed. Thus, Gandhak Rasayan is very effective in Shushka Vicharchika. [8] Gandhak Rasayan appears to affect fibroblast activation and modulate the expression of proteins involved in tissue remodeling. Conditioned media from both the fibroblast cell lines facilitated gap closure in A 549 cell layer [9] Gandhak Rasayan is polyherbal drug which is Rakta Shodhak (blood purifier), Kandughana and Rasayan mainly indicated in Kushtha Rog . It is prepared by giving 12 Bhawnas to Kwatha of Chaturjata, Triphala, Shunthi , and with Swaras (juice) of Guduchi, Bhringraja, Adraka with pure Gandhak . It has antifungal and antibacterial properties. Thus, it reduces the infection. It reduces features of Raag (redness) , Pidika (eruption) with Rakta Shodhak (blood purifier) and Kushthaghana properties [10,11] Gandhak Rasayan along with Karpoor mix Nimba Taila was effective in the treatment of Dadru (Tinea corporis) without any adverse drug reaction [12] The formulation Gandhak Rasayana has multiple pharmaco-therapeutic properties. Among the Tvakvikara property of Gandhak Rasayana was highlighted in Basavarajeeyam . Other than Tvakvikara it is indicated in Valipalita, Jara , 18 Types of Kushta , 20 Types Prameha, Mutrakruchra, Gandamala, Gudhakeela, Bhagandhara, Rajodosha, Haleemaka important indication of Gandhak Rasayan is Rasayan. [13] By reviewing Yog Ratnakar and different articles it is found that Gandhak Rasayan can be used in various Tvachavikar with excellent results. Other study was done for screening of antibacterial and antifungal activity of Gandhak Rasayan . Its invitro antifungal and antibacterial activity was studied by cup plate method. It was found that Gandhak Rasayan solution in

Heena Kaushik et al. Role of Gandhak Rasayan in Kshudra Kushtha - A Review Article ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE March 2024 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | March 2024 | Vol. 9 | Issue 3 171 different concentrations showed a significant zone of inhibition against three strains of bacteria and four strains of fungi [14] According to Brihat Yoga Tarangini explained about Gandhak Rasayana Aja Ksheera, Ikshu Danda Rasa, Guduchi, Madhu, Goksheera, Varahikandha, Yastimadhu, Kustha, Lavanga, Tulasi, Pippali, Pippalimula, Nagakesara, Triphala, Padmakabeeja along with Bhavana Dravya Bringaraja Swarasa with Sarkara and Madhu indicated with Valipalita , Jara , 18 Types of Kushta , 20 Types Prameha, Mutrakruchra, Gandamala, Gudhakeela, Bhagandhara, Rajodosha, Haleemaka. [15] DISCUSSION The use of herbal medicine in wound care has been very encouraging and several researchers around the globe have started to publish their results. Gandhaka Rasayana is one such preparation which finds use in wound repair. Sulfur is the major component of Gandhaka Rasayana and is known to be insoluble in the inert organic solvents which are employed as extractants in laboratories. Serum albumin is known to act as a carrier of many insoluble non-polar components. Complexation of albumin with sulfur has been reported by Jarabak and Westley [16] Gandhak Rasayana Vati seems to be an effective in treatment of Shushka Vicharchika . It is Kaphapradhan Vyadhi, Raktadushti and Agnimandya is also observed. Gandhk Rasayana Vati with Anupana enters to all Sukshma Strotasas and acts on Dosha , Dhatu and Mala . Different Bhavanadravyas in Gandhak Rasayan acts as bactericidal and thus causes blood purification. From this Bhavanadravyas Guduchi, Bhringaraj, Dalchini, Tamalpatra, Nagkeshar, Haritaki, Sunthi, Bibhitak has properties of Katukashay Rasa and Ushnavirya . Thus, it does Dipana, Pachana and acts as Kaphaghna Kledaghna . In this way, Gandhak Rasayana Vati acts as Agnideepak, Pachak, Kaphaghna, Kledaghna, Raktaprasadak, Krimighna, Kushthaghna and thus helps to cure disease. According to Brihat Yoga Tarangini explained about Gandhak Rasayana Aja Ksheera, Ikshu Danda Rasa, Guduchi, Madhu, Goksheera, Varahikandha, Yastimadhu, Kustha, Lavanga, Tulasi, Pippali, Pippalimula, Nagakesara, Triphala, Padmakabeeja along with Bhavana Dravya Bringaraja Swarasa with Sarkara and Madhu indicated with Valipalita, Jara , 18 Types of Kushta , 20 Types Prameha, Mutrakruchra, Gandamala, Gudhakeela, Bhagandhara, Rajodosha, Haleemaka. It acts on blood and skin it detoxify the blood. Burning condition in chronic syphilis and gonorrhoea. Small boils on body with itching followed by burning sensation. Chronic dry eczema. In urticarial or hives and angioedema. In Scabies rashes, reduces acne and stops its secondary infection. In such cases where antibacterial and antifungal activity is needed. Gandhak Rasayan is polyherbal drug which is Rakta Shodhak (blood purifier), Kandughana and Rasayan mainly indicated in Kushtha Rog . It has antifungal and antibacterial properties. Thus, it reduces the infection. It reduces features of Raag, Pidika with Rakta Shodhak and Kushthaghana properties CONCLUSION The results indicate the possible mechanism of Gandhaka Rasayana by fibroblast activation and by modulation of the proteins involved in tissue remodeling. Gandhak Rasayana Vati exhibited good clinical improvement in term of relieving individual symptoms as well as reducing severity of disease. Daha, Kandu, Ruja and Sparshaasahatva were significantly reduced. Also, significant relief in Tvak- Vaivarnyata was observed. Thus, Gandhak Rasayana is very effective in Shushka Vicharchika . The formulation Gandhak Rasayana has multiple pharmaco-therapeutic properties. Among the Tvakvikara property of Gandhak Rasayana was highlighted in Basavarajeeyam . Gandhak Rasayana can be used in many diseases and due to its different therapeutic actions, it is an important formulation mentioned in classics. REFERENCES 1 Pandit Kashinath Shastri, Charaksamhita Purvardha, 6 th edition, Varanasi, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, 2000, Sharirsthana, 1/ 2930, pg. no. 695. 2 Aacharya Vidyadhara Shukla, Prof. Ravidatta Tripathi, Charaksamhita, Volume II, Chaukhamba Sanskrita Prakashana, Delhi, Chikitsa Sthan, pg.no. 181. 3 Aacharya Vidyadhara Shukla, Prof. Ravidatta Tripathi, Charaksamhita, Volume II, Chaukhamba Sanskrita Prakashana, Delhi, Chikitsa Sthan, pg.no. 181, Sloka 4-8.

Heena Kaushik et al. Role of Gandhak Rasayan in Kshudra Kushtha - A Review Article ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE March 2024 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | March 2024 | Vol. 9 | Issue 3 172 4 Aacharya Vidyadhara Shukla, Prof. Ravidatta Tripathi, Charaksamhita, Volume II, Chaukhamba Sanskrita Prakashana, Delhi, Chikitsa Sthan, pg.no. 182, Sloka 9. 5 Aacharya Vidyadhara Shukla, Prof. Ravidatta Tripathi, Charaksamhita, Volume II, Chaukhamba Sanskrita Prakashana, Delhi, Chikitsa Sthan, pg.no. 182 Sloka 11- 12. 6 Ramdayal Joshi Ramnarayan Vaidya, Ayurved Sarsangraha, 1 st edition, Reprint, Nagpur, Shree Baidyanath Ayurved Bhavan Pvt.Ltd., 2004, Rasa- Rasayan Prakarana, pg.no. 291. 7 Ramdayal Joshi Ramnarayan Vaidya, Ayurved Sarsangraha, 1 st edition, Reprint, Nagpur, Shree Baidyanath Ayurved Bhavan Pvt.Ltd., 2004, Rasa- Rasayan Prakarana, pg.no. 292. 8 Patil Sachin Madhav, Patil Kavita Sachin, Phartale Vaibhav Dattatray, Patil Sachin Madhav. Role of Gandhak Rasayan in Shushka Vicharchika (Eczema). AYUSHDHARA, 2016;4(3):1207-1210 9 Shetty P, Kedukodi P, Kamath S et.al. Gandhaka rasayana: possible role as a modulator of fibroblast cell function in wound healing. Int J Health Sci Res. 2020; 10(6):36-45. 10 Gopal Krishan. Rastantrasaar va Sidhaproyag Samgrah, reprint edition. Rajasthan; Krishan Gopal Ayurved Bhawan, 2013; Vol-1. 225-228. 11 Saokar R.M., Sarashetti R.S., Kanthi V. et al. Screening of Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Gandhaka Rasayana an Ayurvedic Formulation. International Journal of Recent Trends in Science and Technology. 2013; 8(2); 134-137. 12 Jasmine, Pani, S. K., Prajapati, V. Kumar, S., & Kaur, R. . (2022). Role of Gandhaka Rasayana along with Karpoor mixed Nimba taila in the treatment of Dadru - Case Report. International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine, 13(2), 550 – 553 13 Sonali B. Kharde*, B. R. Pagire, Aishwarya More, Ulka Mhase and Rajashree Vane Review Article On Theoretical Analysis Of Gandhak Rasayana, ejpmr, 2023, 10(6), 519-521. 14 Gangaprasad R. Asore, Dr. Sachin S. Sheth, Dr. Snehal B. Shinde, Critical review of Gandhak Rasayan with special reference to Tvachavikar, IRJIMS Oct-Dec 2017, Vol 4 (Issue 1). 15 Pandith sharma Hariprapanna, (Rasayogasagara) Brihat yoga tarangini (Barata bhaishajya Ratnakara), Krishna Das Academy, Varanasi, Re Edition, 2010; 430: 365. 16 Rebecca Jarabak R, Westley. Serum albumin and cyanide detoxication kinetic characterization of a reactive albumin-sulfur complex. J Biol Chem 1966; 261(23): 10793-10796. ******************************* How to cite this article: Heena Kaushik, Brijender Singh Tomar, Satbir Kumar Chawla. Role of Gandhak Rasayan in Kshudra Kushtha - A Review Article. J Ayurveda Integr Med Sci 2024;3:168-172. http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.9.3.25 Source of Support: Nil, Conflict of Interest: None declared. Copyright © 2024 The Author(s); Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization, Vijayapur (Regd). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and perform the work and make derivative works based on it only for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work is properly cited

Other Health Sciences Concepts:

[back to top]

Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Role of Gandhak Rasayan in Kshudra Kushtha - A Review Article’. Further sources in the context of Health Sciences might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Dhatu, Dosha, Alasaka, Ruja, Sita, Daha, Ayurveda, Pitta, Kandu, Mala, Kushtha, Tridosha, Rasayana, Vipadika, Shataru, Krimighna, Ushna, Raktadhatu, Mamsadhatu, Ushnavirya, Charmadala, Vicharchika, Kshudrakushtha, Dhatusamya, Gandhakarasayana, Agadatantra, Vatadosha, Kaphadosha, Skin, Antibiotic, Medical science, Skin disease, Chronic disease, Purified sulphur, Blood-purifier, Therapeutic properties, Herbal medicine, Healthy life, Daily regimen, Natural urge, Etiological factor, Skin texture, Premonitory Signs, Antibacterial activity, Blood purification, Clinical improvement, Antifungal activity, Review article, Oral medicine, Body weight, Vata Kapha Dosha, Gandhak Rasayana, Skin disorder, Eka Kushta, Antifungal and antibacterial, Ancient Medical Science, Integumentary system, Gandhak Rasayan, Ayurveda Studies, Post Graduate Scholar, Pitta-Kapha predominance, Poor digestion, Tissue remodeling, Anti-fungal, Major Component, SURFACE AREA, Rakta Shodhak, Sparshaasahatva, Pharmaco-therapeutic properties, Sensory Organ, Wound repair, Largest organ, Underlying mechanism, Kapha dosha predominance.