Pharmaceutico-Analytical Study of Kaidaryadi Ghanavati - A Poly Herbal...

[Full title: Pharmaceutico-Analytical Study of Kaidaryadi Ghanavati - A Poly Herbal Formulation]

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[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Long, Ash, Prashanth, Min]

ORIGINAL ARTICLE February 2024 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | February 2024 | Vol. 9 | Issue 2 62 Pharmaceutico-Analytical Study of Kaidaryadi Ghanavati - A Poly Herbal Formulation Rohini HD 1 , Prashanth AS 2 1 Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Kayachikitsa, Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Hubbali, Karnataka, India. 2 Professor and Research Guide, Department of Kayachikitsa, Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Hubbali, Karnataka, India. I NTRODUCTION It is the very famous Ayurvedic Kashya preparation mentioned in Malayalam text book name Chikitsa Manjari and author of that book is unknown. The ingredients are Naagara, Kaidarya, Haritaki and Patola in a proportion of 1:3:4:4 respectively. Phalashruti of this Yoga is explained in Udaragata Vikaras like Pravahika, Agnimandhya and Grahani [1] etc. The primary preparation Kashaya (decoction) is used as base in preparation of medicated Taila, Ghee, Arista, Rasakriya etc [2] With the concept of Rasakriya classical formulation of Kaidaryadi Kashaya was modified into a Address for correspondence: Dr. Rohini HD Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Kayachikitsa, Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Hubbali, Karnataka, India. E-mail: drrohinihd@gmail.com Submission Date: 08/12/2023 Accepted Date: 19/01/2024 Access this article online Quick Response Code Website: www.jaims.in DOI: 10.21760/jaims.9.2.10 Ghanavati form for better efficacy and palatability. The Kashaya is further reheated to form the Raskriya/Ghana. [3] Solidified decoctions or Swarasa of a drug or drugs is Ghana or Rasakriyas . In other words they are water soluble extracts in solid form. Water soluble active principles of a drug can be extracted and preserved in better form for many days, when compared to Kashaya, Choorna , and other preliminary preparations. The dose of a drug could be minimized in this form. It becomes easy to consume bitter drugs in this form [4] The Ghanavaties as they are in concentrated form of Kashaya the dosage of the drug may be reduced by preparing the Ghanavaties. In the present study effort is made to prepare Kaidaryadi Ghanavati as per classical reference. The organoleptic, physicochemical and phytochemical, HPTLC and microbial analysis was done by considering the Parameters mentioned for standardization of Vati/Gutika/Modaka as the preparation is in Vati form. M ATERIALS AND M ETHODS Collection of Raw Drugs All the required raw drugs was collected from KLE pharmacy and authenticated of raw drugs was done in A B S T R A C T Kaidaryadi Kashayam is an herbal preparation which is commonly used in Udaragata Vikaras like Pravahika, Agnimandhya and Grahani etc. Even though this Yoga is used most frequently used and having only four easily available ingredients very less companies are preparing the Kashaya . The excellent results are seen in the Grahani, Pravahika etc diseases conditions. The palatability is a challenge for taking the Kashya and also transportation is a challenge. In the present study here attempt has been made to prepare Ghanavati of Kaidaryadi Kashaya of Chikitsa Manjari text book by Rasakriya method. The prepared Vati was subjected for physciochemical and phytochemical analysis, HPTLC, microbial load as per the WHO guidelines. Efforts were made to set the analytical standards for the Kaidaryadi Ghanavati which were not reported till date. Loss on drying - 10.084%, Ash value -13.366%, Acid insoluble ash - 1.287%, Water soluble extractive - 79.793%, Alcohol soluble extractive -4.064%, Hardness - 10 kg/cm, Friability - 0.004%, Disintegration - 20 min, pH - 5.23, in HPTLC of Kaidaryadi Ghanavati maximum four spots at short UV and maximum seven spots long UV. Microorganisms in the formulation were found to be 24 CFU/ml. Key words: Kaidaryadi Ghanavati, Physicochemical Analysis, Phytochemical Analysis, HPTLC, Microbial load.

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[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Shri, Low, Sun]

Rohini HD et al. Pharmaceutico-Analytical Study of Kaidaryadi Ghanavati ISSN: 2456-3110 ORIGINAL ARTICLE February 2024 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | February 2024 | Vol. 9 | Issue 2 63 central research facility, Shri BMK Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Belgaum. The list of the ingredients mentioned in table no 1. Table 1: List of ingredients with quantity and part used. Figure 1: Photographs of ingredients of Kaidryadi Ghanavati Nagara Kaidarya Haritaki Patola Preparation of Kaidaryadi Ghanavati All the individual drugs were taken in equal parts, kept for soaking overnight by adding 1/4 th quantity of water in the total measurement of the water. On the next day after adding remaining amount of water it was kept over low flame till volume of water reduced to 1/4 th . During complete process of making Kashaya the continues stirring was there. To maintain the uniform low temperature the biogas masifier is used. After complete preparation of the Kashayam, container was taken out of fire and allowed for complete cooling ( Swanga Sheeta) and the content was filtered to another vessel through a fine clean cloth. Thus obtained Kashaya is Kaidaryadi Kashaya . This Kashaya is again subjected for reheating under continues low flame. After about 1/4 th of water evaporated the consistency of the liquid started to thicken slowly. The heating process was continued till the semisolid mass is obtained care is taken so that the sticking of the mass to the container and overheating is avoided. Then that cooled semisolid paste is spread very thin on the plastic sheet in a tray with the help of spatula, subjected for drying naturally under sun. It SN Drug name Botanical name Quantity Part used 1 Naagara Zinziber officinale 1 part Rhizome 2 Kaidarya Murraya koenigii 3 part Leaves 3 Haritaki Terminalia chebula 4 part Fruit 4 Patola Trichosanthes dioica 4 part Root, Leaves, Fruit, Stem

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[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Sri]

Rohini HD et al. Pharmaceutico-Analytical Study of Kaidaryadi Ghanavati ISSN: 2456-3110 ORIGINAL ARTICLE February 2024 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | February 2024 | Vol. 9 | Issue 2 64 took almost more than a week for completely drying. After drying it was very hard, it made into small pieces by breaking. The powder of the Ghana of Kaidaryadi Kashaya is obtained. This Ghana powder was then punched into tablet form which is measuring about 500 mg each. Thus, prepared tablets were stored in air tight jar. Physiochemical and phytochemical parameters The finished drug was analyzed by using qualitative and quantitative parameters at central research facility Shri B M Kankanawadi Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Belgaum. Physical tests like organoleptic characteristics, physico chemical, phyto chemical analysis, was carried out. HPTLC 1 gm of sample of each of Kaidaryadi Ghanavati , was dissolved in 10.0 ml of ethanol kept overnight and filtered. 6µl of each of the above extract was applied on a pre-coated silica gel F 254 on aluminum plates to a band width of 7 mm using Linomat 5 TLC applicator. Kaidaryadi Ghanavati sample plate was developed in Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Formic Acid (5.0:3.5:0.5). The developed plates were visualized in short UV, long UV and then derivatized with Vanillin sulphuric acid (VSA) reagent subsequently scanned under UV 254 nm, 366 nm and 620 nm (after derivatisation). R f , colour of the spots, densitometric scan and 3-D chromatograms were recorded. Microbial Load analysis Preparation of Casein Soya bean Digest Agar Medium (CSDAM): Casein peptone (15 g), Soya peptone (5 g), Sodium Chloride (5 g) were taken and dissolved in 990 ml distilled water and pH was adjusted to 7.3±0.2 and make up the volume to 1000 ml. Finally add 15 g of agar to the media and autoclaved at 121˚C for 20 minutes HPTLC and Microbial load analysis was done Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara Center for Research in Ayurveda and Allied Sciences, Kuthpady, Udupi. O BSERVATIONS AND R ESULTS Organoleptic evaluation Various parameters such as colour, odour, taste etc. of Kaidrayadi Ghanavti were observed and recorded. The results were mentioned in table no. 2 Table 2: Organoleptic characteristics of Kaidaryadi Ghanavati SN Parameters Results 1. Form Vati 2. Colour Black 3. Odour Characteristic strong 4. Taste Sour, bitter and astringent Physicochemical analysis Physicochemical analysis were carried out by following parameters i.e., loss on drying, total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract, average weight, hardness, friablility, disintegration, pH results were mentioned in the table no. 3 Table 3: Physico chemical analysis parameters and results SN Parameters Results 1. Loss on drying 10.084% 2. Total ash 13.366% 3. Acid insoluble ash 1.287% 4. Water soluble extract 79.793% 5. Alcohol soluble extract 4.064% 6. pH value (5% solution) 5.23 7. Tablet Hardness 10 kg/cm 8. Friability test 0.004% 9. Disintegration 20 min 10. Average weight 0.495 gm Phytochemical analysis Preliminary phytochemical analysis was done and the results were mentioned in the table no 4.

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[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Green]

Rohini HD et al. Pharmaceutico-Analytical Study of Kaidaryadi Ghanavati ISSN: 2456-3110 ORIGINAL ARTICLE February 2024 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | February 2024 | Vol. 9 | Issue 2 65 Table 4: Phyto chemical analysis parameters and results SN Components Water Alcohol 1. Test for carbohydrates Positive Negative 2. Reducing sugar Negative Positive 3. monosaccharides Negative Positive 4. Pentose sugar Negative Negative 5. Non reducing sugar Positive Negative 6. Hexose sugar Positive Negative 7. Proteins Positive Negative 8. Amino acids Negative Negative 9. Steroids Positive Negative 10. Flavonoids Negative Positive 11. Alkaloids Negative Negative 12. Tannins Positive Positive Test For Glycosides 13. Cardiac glycosides Negative Positive 14. Anthraquinone glycosides Negative Positive 15. Saponin glycosides Positive Positive HPTLC Study The given sample of Kaidaryadi Ghanavati , was standardized analytically by HPTLC as per testing protocol mentioned in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Results as Rf values, Densitometric scan and 3-D Chromatogram are presented in respective tables and figures. Table 5: Rf value of Ethanolic extract of Kaidaryadi Ghanavati at short UV, long UV and after derivatization. No of spots Short UV No of spots Long UV No of spots After derivatization 1 0.22(D green) 1 0.12 (F. blue) 1 0.49(Pink) 2 0.40(green) 2 0.25 (F. dark blue) - 3 0.47(green) 3 0.35 (F.blue) - 4 0.54(D green) 4 0.38 (F.blue) - 5 5 0.52 (F.blue) 6 0.56 (F.blue) - 7 0.86 (f green) Figure 2: Densitometric scan of Ethanolic extract at 254 nm Figure 3: Densitometric scan of Ethanolic extract at 366 nm

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Rohini HD et al. Pharmaceutico-Analytical Study of Kaidaryadi Ghanavati ISSN: 2456-3110 ORIGINAL ARTICLE February 2024 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | February 2024 | Vol. 9 | Issue 2 66 Figure 4: Densitometric scan of Ethanolic extract at 620 nm (after derivatisation) Microbial Load The given sample Kaidrayadi Ghanavati was free from microorganisms. The results were mentioned in table no. 6 Table 6: Microbial load analysis of Kaidaryadi Ghanavati SN Dilutions Number of Colonies (NOC) CFU/ml 1. Direct 28 20 24 DISCUSSION The preparation of Ghanavati in a classical method is a lengthy and time-consuming procedure. Most of the manufacturing companies are not preparing Ghanavati in a classical method they are following different new technologies for preparing Ghanavati to reduce the time taken for the preparation of Ghana . The yield is very less compared to other preparations if we need approximately one kg of Ghana minimum of 10 lit of the Kashaya need to be subjected for boiling that is only 10 percent yield. Large quantity of the raw drugs is needed for the preparation. One of the benefits of Ghanavati is that the carrying is easy and also dosage can be reduced as it is in concentrated form and shelf life also increases. This Ghana extraction may be suitable for drugs which contain more of starch content in them. As Nagara is one of the ingredients, which contain starch and which may be the reason that the yield was good in this preparation. The prepared Vati is found to have 495 mg average weight ± 10% range of weight variation is acceptable [5] Bioavailability of the medicine is depending on harness and disintegration. The Kaidaryadi Ghanavati found to be having hardness of 10 kg/cm. Hardness was above the normal limit for Kaidaryadi Ghanavati and disintegration was in normal limit that is 20 min. If the finished Vati is too hard it may not disintegrate in the required period of time [6] but as the disintegration time is within normal limit of 20 min the bioavailability of the drug may not be hampered. Moisture content (loss on drying) found to be 10.084%. Which is also within normal limit if the moisture content is more it may easily catch the microbial contamination. Ash value is the criteria for considering the purity of crude drug. Kaidaryadi Ghanavati contained 13.366% of total ash and 1.287% of acid insoluble ash. The 79.793%w/w of water soluble extractive and 4.064%w/w of alcohol soluble extractive were present this indicated the drugs are having very good solubility in water. In HPTLC of Kaidaryadi Ghanavati maximum four spots at short UV and maximum of seven spots long UV. In microbial load the found result was 24 CFU/ml by direct method which was also falling into the acceptable range for microbial contamination, [7] so further serial dilution method was not followed.

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Rohini HD et al. Pharmaceutico-Analytical Study of Kaidaryadi Ghanavati ISSN: 2456-3110 ORIGINAL ARTICLE February 2024 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | February 2024 | Vol. 9 | Issue 2 67 CONCLUSION The analytical study carried out in the present study it can be concluded that the formulation of Kaidarydi Ghanavati contains all good characters of an ideal Vati, and also the formulation is of good quality and purity. API standards are not mentioned for this formulation. Hence the obtained results of present study may serve as reference standards in the preparation of drug formulation and may also help in further clinical research. Further study is necessary to explore other parameters related to standardization and to set the limit for reference of Kadiaryadi Ghanavati. REFERENCES 1 Chikitsa Manjari; editor D.Sriman Nambuthiri; Vidyarambham Publishers, Alappuzha; 6 th edition; May 2003. 2 Shobha G Hiremath. A Text Book of Bahisajya Kalpana, IBH Prakashana, Bangalore, 2016, chapter 9, p 103. 3 Sharangadhara, Sharangadhara Samhita with Adamalla’s Dipika and Kasirama’s Gudartha Dipika commentary, Edited by Pandit Parusuram Sastri Vidyasagar, Madhyama Khanda, Chakhambha Orientalia, Varanasi 6 th edition:2005, chapter 8/1, p 206. 4 Shobha G Hiremath. A Text Book of Bahisajya Kalpana, IBH Prakashana, Bangalore, 2016, chapter 10, p 137. 5 Tanna I, Samarakoon SM, Chandola HM, Shukla VJ. Physico-chemical analysis of a Herbo-mineral compound Mehamudgara vati - A pilot study. Ayu. 2011 Oct;32(4):572-5. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.96136. PMID: 22661857; PMCID: PMC 3361938. 6 Sudheendra V. Honwad. A Hand Book of Standadization of Ayurvedic Formulations, Chaukhambha Orientalia Varanasi. Reprint 2018, chapter 3, p 35 &37 7 D. K. O'TOOLE NSW. Methods for the direct and indirect assessment of the bacterial content of milk. Journal of Applied Bacteriology. 1983,55.187- 201. ******************************* How to cite this article: Rohini HD, Prashanth AS. Pharmaceutico-Analytical Study of Kaidaryadi Ghanavati - A Poly Herbal Formulation. J Ayurveda Integr Med Sci 2024;2:62-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.9.2.10 Source of Support: Nil, Conflict of Interest: None declared. Copyright © 2024 The Author(s); Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization, Vijayapur (Regd). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and perform the work and make derivative works based on it only for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work is properly cited

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