Empowering kids with Millet

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REVIEW ARTICLE October 2023 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | October 2023 | Vol. 8 | Issue 10 123 Empowering kids with Millet Bimal Shah 1 , Rakesh Sharma 2 1 Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Kaumarbhritya, R.G.G.P.G. Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Paprola, Himachal Pradesh, India. 2 Professor & Head, Department of Kaumarbhritya, R.G.G.P.G. Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Paprola, Himachal Pradesh, India. I NTRODUCTION Lifestyle diseases are characterized by the daily faulty regimen of children regarding eating and living habits. Indian Millets are a good option for living a healthy and disease-free life. Millets are a group of small seeded grains that have been cultivated and consumed by humans for thousands of years [2] They are known for their nutritional value, resilience in diverse growing conditions, and their contribution to food security in many parts of the world. Millets have gained popularity in recent years due to their health benefits, including Address for correspondence: Dr. Bimal Shah Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Kaumarbhritya, R.G.G.P.G. Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Paprola, Himachal Pradesh, India. E-mail: mailtosbimal@gmail.com Submission Date: 15/08/2023 Accepted Date: 23/09/2023 Access this article online Quick Response Code Website: www.jaims.in DOI: 10.21760/jaims.8.10.18 being gluten-free and rich in nutrients. Classification India is the top producer of millet followed by Nigeria. There are mainly eight types of millets which are commonly cultivated in India i.e., 1 Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolour ): Sorghum is one of the most widely grown millets. It is known for its versatility and can be used for making flour, porridge, flatbreads and even beverages. Sorghum grains are typically small and round. 2 Pearl Millet ( Pennisetum glaucum ): Pearl millet is another major millet variety, particularly popular in Africa and India. It is known for its high tolerance to dry and hot climates. It is commonly used to make unleavened flatbreads. 3 Finger Millet ( Eleusine coracana ): Also known as Ragi in India, finger millet is rich in calcium and iron. It is often used to make porridge, dosas (pancakes), and other traditional dishes [3] 4 Foxtail Millet ( Setaria italica ): Foxtail millet has small, bead-like grains and is often used in South A B S T R A C T Nutrition is the key component of health and development in which millets play a vital role as they are the major source of energy and nutrient powerhouse rich in protein, fiber, magnesium, phosphorus, copper, potassium and manganese. Millets are diverse species of small-seeded grasses that are commonly cultivated as cereal grains for human and animal nourishment around the world. Most of the species which are commonly referred to as millets belong to the Poaceae or Graminaeae family i.e., the grass family. Typical millet protein contains a high quantity of essential amino acids especially the Sulphur-containing amino acids i.e., methionine and cysteine. They are a source of antioxidants, such as phenolic acids and glycated flavonoids. Millet foods are characterized to be potential prebiotics and can enhance the viability or functionality of probiotics with significant health benefits. It possesses Madhur Kashay Rasa , Katu Vipaka and Ushan Virya and is Kapha Vata Shamak [1] Due to its Brihaniya property it is useful in malnutrition, on the contrary due to its Laghu , Ruksha Guna and Vilekhana Karma it can be used in obesity. The article reviews millets and their importance in children. Key words: Millets, Nutrition, Obesity, Children

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Bimal Shah et al. Empowering kids with Millet ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE October 2023 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | October 2023 | Vol. 8 | Issue 10 124 Indian cuisine to make dishes like upma and idlis. It is a good source of carbohydrates and fibre [4] 5 Porso Millet ( Panicum miliaceum ): Porso millet is a quick maturing millet variety that is easy to cultivate. It is used in various dishes, including porridge, bread and animal feed [5] 6 Barnyard Millet ( Echinochloa esculenta ): Barnyard millet has tiny grains and is known for its short growing season. It is used in porridge, dosas and as a rice substitute in some dishes. 7 Little Millet ( Panicum sumatrense ): Little millet is often used in the preparation of upma, idlis and dosas in South India. It is nutrient-dense and a good source of protein and fiber [6] 8 Kodo Millet ( Paspalm scrobiculatum ): Kodo millet is rich in protein and is used in various culinary applications, including porridge and fermented foods [7] Out of these mainly three varieties are easily available in India and regularly used by many parts of Indian states like in Maharashtra, Rajasthan etc. as follows: Sorghum, Pearl millet and Finger millet. In our classical texts, comes under Bhrutyatrayi and Laghutrayi described as in Truna Dhanya ( Kshudra Dhanya Varga ) in Bhavprakash Nighantu of Dhanyavarga Adhyaya [8] Raspanchak of Truna Dhanya Varga ▪ Rasa - Kashay and Madhur ▪ Vipaka - Katu ▪ Virya - Anushna ▪ Guna and Prayog - Lekhan, Ruksha, Kleda Shoshak. ▪ Doshaghna - Kapha Pitta Shamak and Vatakarak . Every millet has additional qualities mentioned as: 1. Kangu, Priyangu - Foxtail Millet Other Guna and Prayog are Guru (heavy for digestion), Sangrahi (absorbs excess fluids and aids in the natural development of faeces and increases digestion), Brumhana (nourishes bodily tissues), Shoshana (dries up extra moisture), Bhagnasandhanakrit (heals fractures), Durjara (difficult for digestion) and Vrishya (aphrodisiac). It is used as a substitute for rice 2. Kodrava / Koradusha - Kodo Millet Madhur Tikta Rasa , Guru (heavy for digestion), Param Graahi (absorbs excessive fluids and helps for normal formation of faeces), Vishahara (anti-poisonous), Avrishya (anaphrodisiac) Pathya in Vrana (good food in wounds and ulcers). It can be given as a rice to diabetic patients. 3. Cheenak / Cheena - Porso Millet Guru (heavy for digestion), Durjara (difficult for digestion), Brumhana (nourishes the body tissues), Bhagnasandhanakara (promotes fracture healing) 4. Shyamak / Sawa - Barnyard Millet Shyamak Panchang is used in Pittaj Vikara and Vibandha . It is also known as the cereal of the poor. It is also Sangrahi (absorbs excessive fluids and helps for normal formation of faeces) and Dhatu Shoshak (dries the body tissues) 5. Yavanala - Jowar Ruchikar (enhances taste perception), Trishnaghana (decreases excessive thirst) and Kledaghana (decreases excessive moisture content) 6. Gavedhuka - Adlay millets Katu - Madhura rasa , Karshyakari (emaciating) and Kaphahara (decreases Kapha Dosha ). Other properties similar to Shyamak . It also has properties like Mutral (diuretic) and is hence used in Mutra Kricha . Chapati made from this grain helps in weight loss 7. Naritiki - Ragi Tikta - Kashaya , Madhur Rasa , Sheeta (cold in potency), Snigdha , Balya (promotes strength), Vrishya (aphrodisiac). Indications [9] ▪ As Lekhana Dravya in Sthaulaya (obesity) and Kaphaj Vyadhi like Prameha (Diabetes). ▪ Nourishing effect due to Madhur Rasa and are easily digestible ( Laghu ) in nature.

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Bimal Shah et al. Empowering kids with Millet ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE October 2023 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | October 2023 | Vol. 8 | Issue 10 125 ▪ Mainly indicated in excessive Amavastha , Mandagni (due to any disease), Shotha , diabetes and obesity. ▪ Calcium, Dietary fibre, Carbohydrates, Amino acids and Polyphenol are mainly present. Benefits [10,11] ▪ Increases immunity in children mainly respiratory health. ▪ Helps in PEM Disorder. ▪ Rich in Fiber so it hydrates the colon and prevents it from being constipated. ▪ Being alkaline, digests easily and improves the digestive system. ▪ The serotonin present helps calm the mood. ▪ Contain Vitamin B 3 (Niacin) and Magnesium helps in maintaining cholesterol level and reduce the episodes of migraines respectively. ▪ Contain Phenolic acids and flavonoids which help to prevent the risk of diseases. ▪ Has antioxidants which act as prebiotic and probiotic and also act as antimicrobial, antidiabetic and anti-tumorigenic. ▪ Contains high-energy nutrients and helps in nourishment. ▪ Has a relatively low glycaemic index and produces low blood sugar levels because of containing lots of fibre and low simple sugars. CONCLUSION Millets are a group of small-seeded grasses that are highly nutritious and versatile. They are gluten-free, rich in fibre and packed with essential nutrients like iron, magnesium, and phosphorus. In the present era, children's preference for fast food is causing malnourishment, stemming from either overnourishment or undernourishment. These grains are highly regarded for individuals with gluten sensitivity, being among the least allergenic and easily digestible food options. Millets, being beneficial in this current era, find optimal use in Santarpan Janya Vikaras (diseases due to over nourishment) and Kapha Pittaja Vikara . They are readily accessible and cost-effective and boast a wide array of essential nutrients including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, dietary fibre, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and phytochemicals. In the current era, where the prevalence of junk and processed food is causing imbalances in Rasavaha and Medovaha Srotas (channels related to nutrient and fat metabolism), millets offer a promising solution as a nutritious food source. REFERENCES 1 Acharya Charaka. Sutrasthana, Annapanavidhi Adhyaya. In: Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Acharya (ed.) Charaka Samhita. Delhi: Chaukhambha Prakashan; 2011; p. 154. 2 Ambati K, Sucharitha KV. Millets – Review on Nutritional profiles and Health benefits. Int J Recent Sci Res. 2019 Jul;10(7):33943 – 8. 3 Gull A, Jan R, Nayik GA, Prasad K, Kumar P. Significance of Finger Millet in Nutrition, Health, and Value-added Products: A Review. J Food Process Technol. 2014;3:1601 – 8. 4 ICAR – Indian Institute of Millets Research. 2017. 5 Kalinova J. Nutritionally important components of Porso millets (Panicum miliaceum L.) food. Global Sci Books. 1(1):91 – 100. 6 Reddy OSK. Smart Millet and Human Health. Green Universe Environ Serv Soc. 2017. 7 Deshpande SS, Mohapatra D, Tripathi MK, Sadvatha RH. Kodo millet - Nutritional Value and Utilization in Indian Foods. J Grain Process Storage. 2015;2. 8 Bhavamishra. Dhanyavarga. In: Dr. K.C. Chunekar (cm.), Dr. G.S. Pandey (ed.) Bhavaprakasha Nighantu. Varanasi: Choukhambha Bharti Academy; 2002; p. 656 – 61, 667. 9 Millet India [Internet]. [cited 23]. Available from: http://milletsindia.org 10 Indian Institute of Millet Research (IIMR), Hyderabad.

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Bimal Shah et al. Empowering kids with Millet ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE October 2023 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | October 2023 | Vol. 8 | Issue 10 126 11 Bommy D, Kavitha Maheshwari S. International Journal of Current Research and Academic Review. ******************************* How to cite this article: Bimal Shah, Rakesh Sharma. Empowering kids with Millet. J Ayurveda Integr Med Sci 2023;10:123-126. http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.8.10.18 Source of Support: Nil, Conflict of Interest: None declared. Copyright © 2023 The Author(s); Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization, Vijayapur (Regd). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and perform the work and make derivative works based on it only for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work is properly cited

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