Swapna in Ayurveda

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REVIEW ARTICLE April 2022 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | April 2022 | Vol. 7 | Issue 3 47 Swapna in Ayurveda Preethishree M 1 , Pratibha Kulkarni 2 1 Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Kriya Sharira, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda and Hospital, Hassan, Karnataka, India. 2 Professor and HOD, Department of Kriya Sharira, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda and Hospital, Hassan, Karnataka, India. I NTRODUCTION Ayurveda being an ancient literature, various concepts have been explained. Swapna is one among them. It has both physiological and pathological importance in Ayurveda . But our Acharyas have given more importance to pathological aspect in the form of Arishta Lakshanas, Graha Bhada rather than physiological aspect which is in the form of Doshaja Prakruti . In the present era, Ayurveda physicians concentrates less to this concept. Address for correspondence: Dr. Preethishree M Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Kriya Sharira, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda and Hospital, Hassan, Karnataka, India. E-mail: preethiayu@gmail.com Submission Date: 12/02/2022 Accepted Date: 17/03/2022 Access this article online Quick Response Code Website: www.jaims.in Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization, Vijayapur, Karnataka (Regd) under the license CC-by-NC-SA R EVIEW OF LITERATURE Concept of Swapna Swapna word has been derived from sanskrit root Svap+Nak [1] which means to sleep, to lie down, dream, fall asleep [2] Swapna - state in which a person is not in deep sleep means in between Jagrutha and Sushuptawastha . According to Sushrutha Samhitha , when an individual gain his past experience due to Rajo Guna in mind is called Swapna [3] Utpatti : when all the Doshas or one Dosha gets obstructed in Manovaha Srotas , there will be loss of Indriya Artha Sannikarsha that in turn cause Swapna [4] Any single or all Dosha ↓ Obstruct Manovaha Srotas ↓ Loss of Indriyartha Sannikarsha ↓ Swapna A B S T R A C T Ayurveda being an ancient literature has given importance to each and every corner of life in maintaining health as well as diseased condition. Swapna is one among that. Acharyas has given atmost importance for Swapna for diagnosis purpose as well as disease condition. Charaka has explained Swapna in the context of Arishta Lakshanas of disease. Kashyapa explained the concept in the discussion of Grahabhada . Almost all Acharyas stated the concept of Swapna in Prakruti . At the time of conception, Prukruti of a person is decided and status of Dosha at the time of conception determines Prakruti . So the Guna of dominant Dosha will be materializing in the form of Swapna . After Swapna , when its result appears as good or bad, if bad dreams occurs, procedures to be followed for its pacification. These are the things going to be discussed in this article. Key words: Swapna, Arishta, Prakruti, Grahabhada, Manovaha Srotas, Dosha.

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Trees, Gold, Sky, Hamsa, Karna, Sun, Red, Mana, Bright]

Preethishree M. et al. Swapna in Ayurveda ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE April 2022 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | April 2022 | Vol. 7 | Issue 3 48 Classification Table 1: According to source and content [5] Type Explanation Drushta The one which we saw through Chakshu Indriya Shruta The one which we heard through Karna Indriya Anubhutha Tarka or Abhyasa done by Mana Prarthitha Fulfillment of desires Kalpitha Imaginary things Bhavika Which gives definite Shubha or Ashubha result related to Future Doshaja Tridoshanusara Swapna due to its vitiation Table 2: According to efficacy [6] Phala Alpa Phala Aphala Prathakala Prathama Prahara of Night Drushta, Shrutha, Anubhuta, Prarthitha, Kalpitha After Swapna , if a person Wakes up and doesn’t get Sleep - Swapna occurs during morning hours Too lengthy or too short ▪ According to effect a) Shubha b) Ashubha ▪ According to Prakruthi [7,12] Table 3: Vata Prakruti Features S.S A.S A.H SH.S B.P Bhela Wandering in sky + + + + + - Climbs on trees and mountains peaks - + + - - - Travels in dry reservoir - + - - - - Rides on camels - - - - - + Table 4: Pitta Prakruti Features S.S A.S A.H SH.S B.P Bhela Dreams of sun - + + - + - Dreams of gold + + - - - - Dreams of bright light - - - + + - Dreams of red colour sky - - + - - - Dreams of Palasha and Karnika trees + + + - - - Dreams of fire, falling meteors, lightening + + - - - + Table 5: Kapha Prakruti Features S.S A.S A.H SH.S B.P Bhela Dreams of water reservoir, ponds + + + + + + Dreams of lotuses + + + - - - Dreams of birds like Hansa , Chakravaka + + + - - - Dreams of clouds - - + - - -

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Heart, Bitten, Padma, Moon, Flower]

Preethishree M. et al. Swapna in Ayurveda ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE April 2022 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | April 2022 | Vol. 7 | Issue 3 49 Table 6: Relation between Swapna and Arishta Lakshana Disease Arishta Lakshanas in Swapna Raktapitta (Poorvaroopa) [13] Dreams of red, blue, yellow, white colored bright substance ▪ Wearing red colored garland ▪ Red color of whole body ▪ Wearing red colored clothes ▪ Repeatedly laughing ▪ Dragging by a lady to Dakshina Dik Gulma (Poorvaroopa) [14] ▪ Thorny creeper encircling heart Kushta [15] ▪ Nagna ▪ ghee application on body and performing Homa where fire is absent ▪ Padma Utpatti on Ura Pradesha Yakshma [16] ▪ Swastha - travelling on dog, camel, donkey or travelling along with these animals to Dakshina Dik ▪ Yakshma Rogi - Madira Pana along with Preta dragging him along with a dog to Dakshina Dik Prameha [17] ▪ Snehapana along with Chandala Apasmara [18] ▪ Alcohol intake and performing dance ▪ Dragging him upside down by Preta Bahirayama [19] ▪ Intake of Shashkuli or Apupa in Swapna and after waking up vomiting of the same Table 7: Relation between Swapna and Graha [20] Skanda Graha ▪ Using red colored flowers, clothes ▪ Child rides over peacock, goat, cock and sheep, smeared with red sandal all over the body ▪ Child sleeping over bed smeared with rakta Skanda Apasmara ▪ Adorns with red flowers and clothes, smeared with red sandals and dances with Bhutas Skanda Pita ▪ Reaching to the jungle of red lotus, worships herself or her child with garlands of red flowers Pundarika ▪ Entering forest of red flower or in fire or child being burnt by fire Revati ▪ Drowning of child in sea Suskarevati ▪ Dreams of dry well or river Shakuni ▪ Carnivorous birds Mukhamandika ▪ Bitten by birds flying downwards wearing yellow colored apparels, fleshy and adorned Putanagraha ▪ Planets, graha , moon, stars Naigamesha ▪ All above symptoms are seen Relation Between Swapna and Garbha Linga Dharana In male gender ▪ In Swapna , intake of food and drink that of a male and does the activities like male as stated in Charaka Samhita. [21] ▪ Dreams of Kumuda, Utpala, Padma kind flowers, Amratak like male denoting fruits as said in Sushrutha Samhita [22] ▪ Dreams of things which denotes male gender as stated in Astanga Sangraha and Astanga Hrudaya. [23,24] In female gender ▪ In Swapna intake of food and drink that of a female and does the activities like female as stated in Charaka Samhita. [25] ▪ Dreams of flowers and fruits denoting female gender as said in Sushrutha Samhita. [26] ▪ Dreams of things which denotes female gender as stated in Astanga Sangraha and Astanga Hrudaya . [27,28]

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Dana, Mala, Prestige]

Preethishree M. et al. Swapna in Ayurveda ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE April 2022 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | April 2022 | Vol. 7 | Issue 3 50 Table 8: Time of Swapna and its Result According to Brahmavaivartya Purana , Time of Swapna Duration of result 1 st Yaama of night 1 yr 2 nd Yaama of night 6 mnt 3 rd Yaama of night 3 mnt 4 th Yaama of night or early morning Next half month Arunodaya or at day break 10 days At early dawn Immediate effect Pacification of Duhswapna Although there is no specific treatment for the pacification of Duhswapna but some methods are stated by different Acharyas , after observing bad dreams one has to take bath, offer oblation with fire colored mustard mixed with Ghrita and Tila reciting Savithri Mantra. [29] After experiencing bad dreams one should give Dana of Masa, Tila , iron and gold to Brahmana , recite Gayatri mantra with three Pada . One should not narrate it to anyone, stay in temple for three days and night, worship daily Brahmana [30] After bad dreams, one has to do Dana , offerings to Homa and recitation of Mantras [31] DISCUSSION In ancient time, Swapna has its own clinical importance in both disease condition as well as wellbeing condition. Charaka has stated that Swapna is a state of wellbeing that can be achieved by the absence of bad dreams and also said that physician should have a keen observation on Arishta Lakshanas (occurs in Swapna ) in order to not to treat such kind of cases to save himself as well as his prestige. Vata has Chalatwa , Kharatwa Guna due to these properties in Vata Prakruti persons there will be more travelling or wandering or riding kind of Swapna. Pitta has Teekshna, Ushna property may be due to this, persons of Pitta Prakruti dreams more of bright lights, sun, gold, fire, lightening etc. Kapha has Sheeta, Snigdha etc. Gunas due to this, person of Kapha Prakruti dreams of ponds, clouds, water reservoirs etc. things. The Arishta Lakshanas , in Kushta , person dreams as that his whole body has been applied by ghee and sitting in front of Homa , here Grita is having Sheeta Guna and fire ( Homa ) is Ushna Guna both are having opposite Gunas. So, it may be interpreted as indication of the destruction of body in forthcoming days. In the same context Padmotpatti in Urapradesha has been said here ura is the Sthana for Kapha Dosha and Padma arises in Panka , it can be interpreted that in coming days Kapha Dosha is going to get vitiated. In Gulma Purvaroopa , person dreams of thorny creeper encircling his Hrut region, it can be interpreted that whatever present inside the shrub it is hard to find in the similar way diagnosis of the Gulma is also difficult. In Raktapitta Purvaroopa , person dreams of wearing red color mala, red colored body, wearing red colored dress. So, it can be interpreted that he may suffer from the disease related to Rakta in forthcoming days. In Apasmara there will be dreams of Nrutya by a person that means there will be movements of hands and legs, even in Apasmara there will be Bheebhatsa Chesta [involuntary movements of hands and legs]. So, it might be the reason why a person affected with Apasmara dreams of Nrutya . In Prameha, Kapha Dosha is predominant, person dreams of Snehapana which is having Snehamsha in turn aggravates Kapha Dosha . This is the indication; the person may suffer from Kapha Dosha related disease. In the first part of the night Kapha Dosha is predominant and Kapha Dosha is basically Manda in nature so it might be the reason where the effect (result) of Swapna is delayed. In early morning, Vata is predominant and Vata is having Sheeghrakari Guna so it is the reason effect of Swapna is also immediate in late part of night or early morning.

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Preethishree M. et al. Swapna in Ayurveda ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE April 2022 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | April 2022 | Vol. 7 | Issue 3 51 In Skandagraha and also in Skanda Apasmara there will be Vasa or Rakta Gandha from the body of baby so in Swapna due to this he may dreams of red colored flowers or clothes. In Suskarevati there will be Dhatukshaya in turn Vatavruddi so, in Swapna he might dreams of dry well or rivers. In Makhamandika , this Graha is fond of ornaments, looks beautiful, and gives fame to child. When the child got affected by this Graha , there will be disfigurement so the child may dreams of apparels and adorned. In Shakuni Graha, Shakuni word refers to a bird which has got bad smell with ugly looking body parts so it might be the reason child dreams of carnivorous birds. CONCLUSION During ancient era, there were no accurate diagnostic tools to rule out the diagnosis so Acharyas made Swapna as one of the criteria in diagnosing as well as prognosis of a disease. With the Swapna itself we can rule out the Prakruti of a person. Through evaluating Swapna , the gender of the baby can be predicted. Sadya Asadyata of a disease by looking at the Arishta Lakshanas has greater importance in treating a patient. By assessing the Swapna as well as Bahya Lakshanas of a Grahabhada physician can assess from which Graha baby might suffering. Whatever we think, imagine, hear, see or feel during day time the same will be reflected as Swapna . REFERENCES 1 Raja Radha Kanta Deva, Sabda Kalpadrum; Chaukamba Sanskrit Sansthana Varanasi; Fifth Edition, Volume 1 2011 P 470 2 Monnier Williams. A Sanskrit English Dictionary of Monnier, p 1281, col.1. 3 Shastri kaviraj ambikadutta, varanasi, India, chaukhamba sanskrit sansthan, 2005, sushrutha samhita shareera stana 4/35 4 Shastri satyanarayan, varanasi, India, chaukhamba bharati academy ,2005, charaka samhita Indriyastana 5/4 5 Shastri satyanarayan, varanasi, India, chaukhamba bharati academy ,2005, charaka samhita Indriyastana 5/43 6 Shastri satyanarayan, varanasi, India, chaukhamba bharati academy ,2005, charaka samhita Indriyastana 5/44-45 7 Acharya Trikamji J;, Varanasi, India, Choukhambha Publication, 2005 Sushruta Samhita.Sharirasthana 4/69 8 Krishnamurthy KH; Bhela Samhita, with translation, commentary and critical notes. Vimana Sthana 4/18, Chaukhamba Vishwabharati, Varanasi, 2000, Vimana Sthana 4/18 9 Mishra Brahmashankar, Vaisya Rupalaji,varanasi , India, Chaukhamba sanskrit sansthan, 2 nd edition, 2004,Bhavaprakasha purvakhanda 4/54 10 Kunte Anna Moreshwar, Shastri krishna Ramchandra, Varanasi, India, Krishnadas academy,2000, Astanga Hridaya shareera stana 3/88 11 Murthy srikanta, varanasi, India, chaukhamba oreientalia,2012, Astanga sangraha, Shareera stana 8/8 12 Savrikar S Shivram, New Delhi, India, chaukhamba sanskrit pratishtan,2019, Shrangadhara samhita prathamakhanda 6/21-23 13 Shastri satyanarayan, varanasi, India, chaukhamba bharati academy ,2005, charaka samhita Indriyastana 5/10-11 14 Shastri satyanarayan, varanasi, India, chaukhamba bharati academy ,2005, charaka samhita Indriyastana 5/13 15 Shastri satyanarayan, varanasi, India, chaukhamba bharati academy ,2005, charaka samhita Indriyastana 5/15 16 Shastri satyanarayan, varanasi, India, chaukhamba bharati academy ,2005, charaka samhita Indriyastana 5/8-9 17 Shastri satyanarayan, varanasi, India, chaukhamba bharati academy ,2005, charaka samhita Indriyastana 5/17 18 Shastri satyanarayan, varanasi, India, chaukhamba bharati academy ,2005, charaka samhita Indriyastana 5/23 19 Shastri satyanarayan, Varanasi, India, chaukhamba bharati academy ,2005, charaka samhita Indriyastana 5/25

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Preethishree M. et al. Swapna in Ayurveda ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE April 2022 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | April 2022 | Vol. 7 | Issue 3 52 20 Tewari.P.V, Varanasi, India, Chaukhamba vishwa Bharati,1996,Kashyapa samhita Indriyastana 1/11.2- 21.2 21 Acharya Yadavji Trikamji,varanasi, India, chaukhamba sanskrit sanstan, 5 th edition 2014, Charaka samhita,Shareera stana 2/24 22 Shastri kaviraj ambikadutta, varanasi, India, chaukhamba sanskrit sansthan, 2005,sushrutha samhita shareera stana 3/32 23 Murthy srikanta, varanasi, India, chaukhamba oreientalia,2012, Astanga sangraha,Shareera stana 2/36 24 Kunte Anna Moreshwar, Shastri krishna Ramchandra,Varanasi, India, Krishnadas academy,2000, Astanga Hridaya shareera stana 1/70 25 Shastri satyanarayan, varanasi, India, chaukhamba bharati academy ,2005, charaka samhita, shareera stana 2/24 26 Shastri kaviraj ambikadutta, varanasi, India, chaukhamba sanskrit sansthan, 2005, sushrutha samhita shareera stana 3/32 27 Murthy srikanta, varanasi, India, chaukhamba oreientalia,2012, Astanga sangraha, Shareera stana 2/36 28 Kunte Anna Moreshwar, Shastri krishna Ramchandra, Varanasi, India, Krishnadas academy,2000, Astanga Hridaya shareera stana 1/70 29 Tewari.P.V, Varanasi, India, Chaukhamba vishwa Bharati,1996, Kashyapa samhita 1/35 30 Shastri kaviraj ambikadutta, varanasi, India, chaukhamba sanskrit sansthan, 2005, sushrutha samhita sutrastana 29/71-74 31 Murthy srikanta, varanasi, India, chaukhamba oreientalia,2012, Astanga sangraha,Shareera stana 12/30 ******************************* How to cite this article: Preethishree M, Pratibha Kulkarni. Swapna in Ayurveda. J Ayurveda Integr Med Sci 2022;3:47-52. Source of Support: Nil, Conflict of Interest: None declared. Copyright © 2022 The Author(s); Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization, Vijayapur (Regd). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and perform the work and make derivative works based on it only for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work is properly cited

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