A review on Swarnamakshika Marana

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Siji, Krishna, Hunter, Kalpana, Main, Rasa, Sruthi, Pandu, Vishnu]

REVIEW ARTICLE Nov-Dec 2021 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Nov - Dec 2021 | Vol. 6 | Issue 6 220 A review on Swarnamakshika Marana Siji KT 1 , Sruthi PV 2 , Deepna PP 3 , Gauthaman M 4 1,2,3 Post Graduate Scholar, Dept. of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, MVR Ayurveda Medical College, Parassinikadavu, Kannur, Kerala, India. 4 Associate Professor, Dept. of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, MVR Ayurveda Medical College, Parassinikadavu, Kannur, Kerala, India. I NTRODUCTION Rasaoushadhis have unique place in Ayurvedic therapeutics because of qualities like very less dosage, tastelessness, it can be used at any stages of disease and its immediate action. The main objective of Rasasastra is not limited to Dhatuvada but also to maintain health and strengthen the body for achieving Mukti . For elimination of Doshas of Rasadravyas and to make them suitable for internal administration specialised procedure like Shodhana, Marana Samskaras were developed. Marana is an indigenous process of Rasashastra in which metals and minerals are converting into Bhasma form. Swarnamakshika is Address for correspondence: Dr. Sruthi PV Post Graduate Scholar, Dept. of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, MVR Ayurveda Medical College, Parassinikadavu, Kannur, Kerala, India. E-mail: sruthipv 4@gmail.com Submission Date: 14/11/2021 Accepted Date: 18/12/2021 Access this article online Quick Response Code Website: www.jaims.in Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization, Vijayapur, Karnataka (Regd) under the license CC-by-NC-SA one of the Maharasa Dravya according to Rasaratna Samuchaya. [1] Origin and importance of Swarnamakshika is well explained in Rasaratna Samuchaya. [2] According to Rasarnavam, Swarnamakshika is the first Maharasa. [3] Mythological origin Two concepts of mythological origin are explained in almost all Rasa texts. ▪ According to Rasaratna Samuchaya, Lord Vishnu created Swarnamakshika, which was originated from Sumeru mountain, at the banks of river Tapee, Kirata, Cheena , and Yavana Desha [4] ▪ According to Rasarnava, Lord Krishna went into Yoganidra after completion of his role in Mahabharata . A hunter mistaking him as a deer pierced the sole of his foot by an arrow. Because of the injury, blood drops fell down from the wound in to the earth. They resemble Nimbu fruits. This gives rise to the stones of Makshika. [5] Synonyms SN Synonym R.T [6] A.P [7] R.S.S [8] R.J.N [9] 1. Suvarnamakshikam + - - - A B S T R A C T Swarnamakshika (Chalcopyrite) is a combination of copper, iron and sulphur. It is an ore of copper. In Rasashastra, Swarnamakshika is grouped under Maharasa and Upadhatu by Acharyas . Brihattrayis mentioned Swarnamakshika in some of the compound formulation. Later on, this drug is widely mentioned by almost all Granthas of Ayurveda . Marana is a process of subjecting the metallic and mineral drugs for different pharmaceutical procedures to obtain them in the form of Bhasma. Acharyas explained various Marana procedures to prepare Swarnamakshika bhasma for the treatment of various ailments such as Jwara, Prameha, Pandu, Anidra, Apasmara etc . Key words: Swarnamakshika, Marana, Chalcopyrite.

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Sara, Tamil, Nidhi, Guru, Madhu, Sona]

Siji KT et al. A review on Swarnamakshika Marana ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE Nov-Dec 2021 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Nov - Dec 2021 | Vol. 6 | Issue 6 221 2. Swarnamakshikam + + - - 3. Hemamakshikam + - - - 4. Maksheekam + - - - 5. Makshikam + + + + 6. Tapya + - - + 7. Dhatu makshikam + - + + 8. Makshika dhatu + + - + 9. Tapeejam + + - + 10. Madhu makshikam - + + + 11. Taptam - - - + 12. Tapee samudbhavam - - + + 13. Garuda - - + + 14. Pakshi - - + + 15. Brihadvarna - - + 16. Madhu dathu - - - + 17. Tapya - - - + Vernacular names ▪ Sanskrit - Swarnamakshika ▪ English - Chalcopyrite / copper pyrite ▪ Hindi - Sonamakhi ▪ Malayalam - Makhera Kallu ▪ Kannada - Swarnamakshika ▪ Tamil - Ponnimalai ▪ Telugu - Makshikamu ▪ Gujarathi - Sona Mukhi Swarnamakshika Vargikarana Swarnamakshika have been classified under different groups by Acharyas. Rasaratna Samuchaya, Rasaprakasa Sudhakara and Rasendra Chudamani classified under Maharasa , and Rasendra Sara Sangraha, Rasa Jala Nidhi under Uparasa. Ayurveda Prakasa, Sarangadhara Samhita, Bhava Prakasha and Rasa Tarangini under Upadhatu Varga. Types 2 types [10] 1. Kanyakubjotha 2. Tapanee Teera Sambhuta 3 types [11] 1. Peeta 2. Sukla 3. Lohita 4 types [12] 1 Kadamba Gholakakara - round like a Kadamba flowers 2 Shuktika Puta Sannibha - having the shape of an oyster shell 3 Gureeyakakara - having the shape of a finger ring 4 Bhasmakaturika Samam - resembling burned Tuvari in colour Grahya Lakshana [13] ▪ Snigdha ▪ Guru ▪ Shyamala Kanthi ▪ Kashet Swarnadyuthi Suprakasa ▪ Konochitam ▪ Swarna Samana Varna Agrahya Lakshana [14] ▪ Gharam ▪ Gurtaviheenam ▪ Pravrutta Konam ▪ Kharalohakabham

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Sudha, Kumari]

Siji KT et al. A review on Swarnamakshika Marana ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE Nov-Dec 2021 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Nov - Dec 2021 | Vol. 6 | Issue 6 222 Dhatuvatatmaka Gunas of Swarnamakshika ▪ Prano Rasendrasya - Inevitable in various mercurial process ▪ Durmela Loha Dwaya Melanascha - Can bring together Dhatu having antagonistic properties Swarnamakshika Sodhana Swedana, Pachana, Nirvapa and Putapaka method have been adopted for Sodhana of Swarnamakshika. Swarnamakshika Marana Drugs mentioned for Marana of Swarnamakshika in different Rasa classics ▪ Gandhaka ▪ Ajamutra ▪ Hingula ▪ Ghrita ▪ Matulunga Swarasa ▪ Takra ▪ Kulatha Kwatha ▪ Kumari ▪ Beejapuraka Swarasa ▪ Eranda Taila ▪ Nimbuswarasa ▪ Tila Taila Various Marana procedures of Swarnamakshika ▪ Shudha Swarnamakshika and equal quantity of Gandhaka are mixed together and ground well in Matulunga Swarasa . It is dried and kept in Musha and subjected to five Varahaputa to obtain Bhasma of Swarnamakshika [15-17] ▪ Nimbu Swarasa Shoditha Swarnamakshika grounded with Nimbu Swarasa and made Chakrika. Sarava Samputa was done and subjected to 10 Puta to obtain Bhasma resembling Raktolpala Varna. [18] ▪ Shudha Swarnamakshika and Gandhaka in equal quantity are mixed together and ground well in Nimbuka Swarasa and kept in Sarava Samputa and subjected to 5 Puta. [19] ▪ Shudha Swarnamakshika and 1/8 part of Shudha Hingula are mixed together and ground well in Nimbu Swarasa and Chakrika were prepared and dried . Chakrikas are kept in Sarava Samputa and subjected to 8 Gajaputa. For each Puta 1/8 quantities of Hingula was added . [20] ▪ 1 part of Swarnamakshika and 1/4 th part of Gandhaka are grounded along with Eranda Taila and made in to Chakrika. Sarava Samputa done and subjected to Gajaputa . Pour husk on Sarava Samputa during Marana [21],[22] ▪ Shudha Swarnamakshika grounded well either with Kulatha Kwatha or Tila Taila or Ajamutra . Sarava Samputa was done and subjected to Gajaputa to obtain Bhasma [23] ▪ Sudha Swarnamakshika and equal quantity of Gandhaka are mixed together and ground well in Beejapooraka Swarasa. It is dried and Saravasamputa done and subjected to 5 Varaha Puta. [24] ▪ Sudha Swarnamakshika and ¼ part of Sudha Gandhaka are mixed together and ground well in Eranda Taila. Saravasamputa done and subjected to Gajaputa. [25-28] ▪ Sudha Swarnamakshika ground well either with Kulatha Kwatha or Takra or Ajamutra. Kept in Saravasamputa and subjected to Gajaputa to obtain Bhasma. [29,30] ▪ Sudha Swarnamakshika grounded well with Kumari Swarasa and Cakrika are prepared and subjected to 27 Kukkutaputa [31] ▪ Sudha Swarnamakshika is grounded well either with Kulatha Kwatha or Tila Taila or Takra or Ajamutra kept in Saravasamputa and subjected to Gajaputa [32] ▪ Sudha Swarnamakshika and ¼ th part Sudha Gandhaka are mixed together and grounded well in Kumari Swarasa and Cakrikas are prepared and dried. Sarava Samputa was done and subjected to

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Kumara, Chu, Sar]

Siji KT et al. A review on Swarnamakshika Marana ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE Nov-Dec 2021 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Nov - Dec 2021 | Vol. 6 | Issue 6 223 7 Gajaputas . From second Puta ownwards heat is gradually reduced [33] Table showing different procedure for preparation of Swarnamakhika Bhasma SN Ingredients Puta Reference 1. Sudha Swarnamakshika – 1 part Sudha Gandhaka – 1 part Matulunga Swarasa – Q.S 5 Varahaputa R.R.S [34] R.J.N [35] R.Chu [36] 2. S. Swarnamakshika Eranda Taila – Q.S Intense heat R.R.S [37] R.J.N [38] R.Chu [39] 3. S. Swarnamakshika Ghrita – Q.S Intense heat R.R.S [40] R.J.N [41] R.Chu [42] 4. S. Swarnamakshika Matulunga Swarasa – Q.S Intense heat R.R.S [43] R.J.N [44] R.Chu [45] 5. S. Swarnamakshika Nimbu Swarasa – Q.S 10 Puta R.T [46] 6. S. Swarnamakshika – 1 part S. Gandhaka – 1 part Nimbu Swarasa – Q.S 5 Puta R.T [47] 7. S. Swarnamakshika - 1 part Hingula – 1/8 part Nimbu Swarasa – Q.S 8 Puta R.T [48] 8. S. Swarnamakshika – 1 part S. Gandhaka – 1/4 part Eranda Taila – Q.S Gajaputa A.P [49] 9. S. Swarnamakshika – 1 part Kulatha kwatha – Q.S Gajaputa A.P [50] Sar.S [51] 10. S. Swarnamakshika – 1 part Tila Taila – Q.S Gajaputa A.P [52] Sar.S [53] 11. S. Swarnamakshika – 1 part Ajamutra – Q.S Gajaputa A.P [54] Sar.S [55] 12. S. Swarnamakshika – 1 part Takra – Q.S Gajaputa Sar.S [56] 13. S. Swarnamakshika – 1 part S. Gandhaka – 1/4 part Kumara Swarasa – Q.S 7 Gajaputa R M [57] 14. S. Swarnamakshika – 1 part S. Parada – 1 part S. Gandhaka – 1 part Nimbu Swarasa – Q.S Kupipakva Vidhi R.S [58] 15. S. Swarnamakshika – 1 part Kumara Swarasa – Q.S 27 Kukkuta Puta R.J.N [59] 16. S. Swarnamakshika – 1 part S. Gandhaka – 1/4 part Matulunga Swarasa – Q.S Gajaputa/Var ahaputa/ Kurmaputa R.P [60] 17. S. Swarnamakshika – 1 part Nimbu Swarasa – Q.S 7 Gajaputa R.S [61] 18. S. Swarnamakshika – 1 part S. Gandhaka – 1/4 part Eranda Taila – Q.S Gajaputa R.Ma [62] Bhasma Pareeksha ▪ Rekhapurnatvam ▪ Varitaratvam ▪ Unnamam

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Bala, Sri, Gold, Golden, Red, Kala]

Siji KT et al. A review on Swarnamakshika Marana ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE Nov-Dec 2021 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Nov - Dec 2021 | Vol. 6 | Issue 6 224 ▪ Nirutha ▪ Amladadhi Pareeksha Amritikarana of Swarnamakshika There is no direct reference is available for Swarnamakshika Bhasma Amrutikarana in the classics. As Swarnamakshika contain Tamra as one of the constituents, the Amritikarana method adopted for Tamra Bhasma can be implemented. Swarnamakshika Bhasma with equal quantity of Panchamrittika is taken in Loha Patra and closed with Sarava . Heat it till it become Nirdhuma . After Swangaseeta , mixture is collected and subjected to Bhavana with Triphala kwatha. Cakrikas are prepared and subjected to 5 Varaha Puta and it attain red colour [63] Pharmacological properties of Swarnamakshika Bhasma S N Refere nce Rasa Gun a Viry a Vipa ka Karma 1. R.R.S [64] Madhu ra Lag hu Shee ta Katu Jaravyadhi Visha Nasaka 2. R.T [65] Madhu ra, Tikta - - - Vrishyam, Chakshushy am, Rasayanam 3. R.S.S [66] Tikta, Madhu ra - Shee ta - Meha, Arshas, Kshaya, Kushta, Yogavahi, Rasayana 4. R.P.S [67] Sarvamayag hna, Rasayana Matra According to Rasatarangini : ½ - 2 Gunja, considering Bala and Kala. DISCUSSION Acharyas have different opinion to classify Swarnamakshika under Maharasa, Uparasa and Upadhatu . It may be because of their experience with use in Parada Kriya. Acharyas after 16 th century have included Swanamakshika under Upadhatu Varga. Swarnamakshika is considered as Rasendra Prana it means its usage is inevitable in various mercurial process. It has been told that Swarnamakshika is Rasayana Agrya . It is very much useful in both Lohavada and Dehavada . This might be the reason that Rasaacharyas were included Swarnamakshika under Maharasa Varga. As Swarnamakshika is useful in many Parada Karmas , it is included in Uparasa Varga. By the influence of modern chemistry, the recent Rasaacharyas might have grouped it under Upadhatu Varga because it is the combination of copper and iron. Reviewing Swarnamakshika marana, mainly Gandhaka, Hingula and Amladravyas are the Marana dravyas . Gandhaka is the Ariloha for Tamra , which is one of the major constituents in Swarnamakshika . Gandhaka helps in easy Marana of the drug. If Parada Bhasma or Parada Yukta Dravya is used for Marana , the Bhasma will be considered as best because of its qualities like Shadrasa, Yogavahi and Achintya Veerya . It might be the reason for including Hingula as Maraka Dravya . CONCLUSION Swarnamakshika has unique place in Lohavada and Dehavada aspects. In modern metallurgy, Chalcopyrite is referred to as fool’s gold because of its golden colour. Marana is a process of subjecting the metallic and mineral drugs for different pharmaceutical procedures to obtain them in the form of Bhasma. Swarnamakshika is a complex compound which gets converted into a mixture of simple compounds having very small particle size after the process of Marana. Acharyas mentioned various method for the preparation of Swarnamakshika Bhasma. If Parada Bhasma or Parada Yukta Dravya is used for Marana , the Swarnamakshika Bhasma will be considered as best. REFERENCES 1 Sri Vagbhatacharya, Rasaratna samuchaya, commentary by D.A.Kulkarni, Meherchand lachamanadas publications, New Delhi.2017,2/1, p 18

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Shri, Sharma, Parimal, Damodar, Joshi, Krishnadas, Motilal, Pandit, Gopala, Mishra]

Siji KT et al. A review on Swarnamakshika Marana ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE Nov-Dec 2021 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Nov - Dec 2021 | Vol. 6 | Issue 6 225 2 Sri Vagbhatacharya, Rasaratna samuchaya, commentary by D.A.Kulkarni, Meherchand lachamanadas publications, New Delhi.2017,2/77,80, p 29 3 Rasarnavam or Rasatantram, Edited with Rasachandrika Hindi commentary by Dr. Indradeo Tripathi, Varanasi, Chaukambha Sanskrit Series, 7/2, p 86 4 Sri Vagbhatacharya, Rasaratna samuchaya, commentary by D.A.Kulkarni, Meherchand lachamanadas publications, New Delhi.2017,2/77, p 29 5 Rasarnavam or Rasatantram, Edited with Rasachandrika Hindi commentary by Dr. Indradeo Tripathi, Varanasi, Chaukambha Sanskrit Series, 7/3, p 86 6 Pranacharya Shri Sadananda Sharma, Rasatarangini, edited by Kasinatha Shastri, Motilal Banarasidas, Varanasi,11 th edition,21/1, p 519 7 Acharya Sri Madhava, Ayurveda Prakasa Arthavidyotini and Arthaprakasini Sanskrit and Hindi commentary by Vaidya Vachaspati Shri Gulraj Sharma Mishra. Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi. 2020,4/1, p 407 8 Sri Gopala Krishna, Rasendra Sara Sangraha with Satyartha prakashika hindi commentary by Vaidya Satyartha Prakasha, 1 st edition, Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, 1/205, p 132 9 Kaviraj Bhudeb Mookerji, Rasa Jala Nidhi or Ocean of Indian Chemistry and Alchemy. Parimal publications, Delhi. Vol.2,chp.1.72 10 Sri Vagbhatacharya, Rasaratna samuchaya, commentary by D.A.Kulkarni, Meherchand lachamanadas publications, New Delhi.2017,2/81, p 29 11 Kaviraj Bhudeb Mookerji, Rasa Jala Nidhi or Ocean of Indian Chemistry and Alchemy. Parimal publications, Delhi. Vol.2,chp.1. 12 Kaviraj Bhudeb Mookerji, Rasa Jala Nidhi or Ocean of Indian Chemistry and Alchemy. Parimal publications, Delhi. Vol.2,chp.1. 13 Pranacharya Shri Sadananda Sharma, Rasatarangini, edited by Kasinatha Shastri, Motilal Banarasidas, Varanasi,11 th edition,21/4, p 520 14 Pranacharya Shri Sadananda Sharma, Rasatarangini, edited by Kasinatha Shastri, Motilal Banarasidas, Varanasi,11 th edition,21/5, p 520 15 Sri Vagbhatacharya, Rasaratna samuchaya, commentary by D.A.Kulkarni, Meherchand lachamanadas publications, New Delhi.2017,2/84, p 30 16 Kaviraj Bhudeb Mookerji, Rasa Jala Nidhi or Ocean of Indian Chemistry and Alchemy. Parimal publications, Delhi. Vol.2,chp.1, p 71 17 Acharya Somadeva, Rasendra Chudamani, Hindi translation edited by Dr. Siddhinandana Mishra, 3 rd edition, Varanasi, Chaukambha Orientalia Publication, 2004, 10/130, p 130 18 Pranacharya Shri Sadananda Sharma, Rasatarangini, edited by Kasinatha Shastri, Motilal Banarasidas, Varanasi,11 th edition,21/19, p 523 19 Pranacharya Shri Sadananda Sharma, Rasatarangini, edited by Kasinatha Shastri, Motilal Banarasidas, Varanasi,11 th edition,21/21, p 523 20 Pranacharya Shri Sadananda Sharma, Rasatarangini, edited by Kasinatha Shastri, Motilal Banarasidas, Varanasi,11 th edition,21/23, p 524 21 Acharya Sri Madhava, Ayurveda Prakasa Arthavidyotini and Arthaprakasini Sanskrit and Hindi commentary by Vaidya Vachaspati Shri Gulraj Sharma Mishra. Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi. 2020,4/14, p 411 22 Acharya Sri Madhava, Ayurveda Prakasa Arthavidyotini and Arthaprakasini Sanskrit and Hindi commentary by Vaidya Vachaspati Shri Gulraj Sharma Mishra. Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi. 2020,4/16, p 411 23 Kaviraj Bhudeb Mookerji, Rasa Jala Nidhi or Ocean of Indian Chemistry and Alchemy. Parimal publications, Delhi. Vol.2,chp.1, p 72 24 Acharya Yashodhara, Rasaprakasha Sudhakara, Edited by Sidhinanda Mishra, Chaukambha Orientalia, Varanasi, 2 nd Edition, 1998, 5/124, p 111 25 Sri Gopala Krishna, Rasendra Sara Sangraha with Satyartha prakashika hindi commentary by Vaidya Satyartha Prakasha, Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi,2006, 1/211, p 134 26 Acharya Dundukanatha, Rasendra Chintamani, Translated by Siddhinandan Mishra, 1 st edition, Varanasi, Chaukambha Orientalia, 2000. 7/106, p 105 27 Acharya Shalinatha, Rasa Manjari, Hindi commentary by Acharya Siddhinandan Mishra, 2 nd edition, Varanasi, Chaukambha Orientalia, 2003, 3/82, p 41 28 Vaidya Lakshmipati Shastri, Yogaratnakara, Varanasi, Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan, 1997, Swarnamakshika prakarana/1, p 145 29 Kaviraj Bhudeb Mookerji, Rasa Jala Nidhi or Ocean of Indian Chemistry and Alchemy. Parimal publications, Delhi. Vol.2,chp.1, p 72 30 Vaidya Lakshmipati Shastri, Yogaratnakara, Varanasi, Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan, 1997, Swarnamakshika prakarana/3, p 145 31 Kaviraj Bhudeb Mookerji, Rasa Jala Nidhi or Ocean of Indian Chemistry and Alchemy. Parimal publications, Delhi. Vol.2,chp.1, p 73 32 Pandit Sarngadhara, Sarngadhara Samhita, Edited by Parashurama Shastri, 6 th edition, Varanasi, Chaukambha Orientalia, 2005, Madhyamakhanda, 11/56, p 273 33 Acharya Yadavji Trikamji, Rasamruta, English translation by Dr. Damodar Joshi, 2 nd Edition, Varanasi, Chauhabha Sanskrit Bhavan, 2003, 2/70, p 56

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Bindu]

Siji KT et al. A review on Swarnamakshika Marana ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE Nov-Dec 2021 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Nov - Dec 2021 | Vol. 6 | Issue 6 226 34 Sri Vagbhatacharya, Rasaratna samuchaya, commentary by D.A.Kulkarni, Meherchand lachamanadas publications, New Delhi.2017,2/84, p 30 35 Kaviraj Bhudeb Mookerji, Rasa Jala Nidhi or Ocean of Indian Chemistry and Alchemy. Parimal publications, Delhi. Vol.2,chp.1, p 71 36 Acharya Somadeva, Rasendra Chudamani, hindi translation edited by Dr. Siddhinanda Mishra, 3 rd edition, Varanasi, Chaukambha Orientalia Publication, 2004, 10/134, p 130 37 Sri Vagbhatacharya, Rasaratna samuchaya, commentary by D.A.Kulkarni, Meherchand lachamanadas publications, New Delhi. 2017,2/85, p 30 38 Kaviraj Bhudeb Mookerji, Rasa Jala Nidhi or Ocean of Indian Chemistry and Alchemy. Parimal publications, Delhi. Vol.2,chp.1, p 71 39 Acharya Somadeva, Rasendra Chudamani, hindi translation edited by Dr. Siddhinanda Mishra, 3 rd edition, Varanasi, Chaukambha Orientalia Publication, 2004, 10/134 40 Sri Vagbhatacharya, Rasaratna samuchaya, commentary by D.A.Kulkarni, Meherchand lachamanadas publications, New Delhi.2017,2/84, p 30 41 Kaviraj Bhudeb Mookerji, Rasa Jala Nidhi or Ocean of Indian Chemistry and Alchemy. Parimal publications, Delhi. Vol.2,chp.1, p 71 42 Acharya Somadeva, Rasendra Chudamani, hindi translation edited by Dr. Siddhinanda Mishra, 3 rd edition, Varanasi, Chaukambha Orientalia Publication, 2004, 10/134, p 130 43 Sri Vagbhatacharya, Rasaratna samuchaya, commentary by D.A.Kulkarni, Meherchand lachamanadas publications, New Delhi.2017,2/84, p 30 44 Kaviraj Bhudeb Mookerji, Rasa Jala Nidhi or Ocean of Indian Chemistry and Alchemy. Parimal publications, Delhi. Vol.2,chp.1, p 71 45 Acharya Somadeva, Rasendra Chudamani, hindi translation edited by Dr. Siddhinanda Mishra, 3 rd edition, Varanasi, Chaukambha Orientalia Publication, 2004, 10/134, p 130 46 Pranacharya Shri Sadananda Sharma, Rasatarangini, edited by Kasinatha Shastri, Motilal Banarasidas, Varanasi,11 th edition,21/19, p 523 47 Pranacharya Shri Sadananda Sharma, Rasatarangini, edited by Kasinatha Shastri, Motilal Banarasidas, Varanasi,11 th edition,21/21, p 524 48 Pranacharya Shri Sadananda Sharma, Rasatarangini, edited by Kasinatha Shastri, Motilal Banarasidas, Varanasi,11 th edition,21/23, p 524 49 Acharya Sri Madhava, Ayurveda Prakasa Arthavidyotini and Arthaprakasini Sanskrit and Hindi commentary by Vaidya Vachaspati Shri Gulraj Sharma Mishra. Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi. 2020,4/14, p 411 50 Acharya Sri Madhava, Ayurveda Prakasa Arthavidyotini and Arthaprakasini Sanskrit and Hindi commentary by Vaidya Vachaspati Shri Gulraj Sharma Mishra. Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi. 2020,4/16, p 411 51 Pandit Sarngadhara, Sarngadhara Samhita, Edited by Parashurama Shastri, 6 th edition, Varanasi, Chaukambha Orientalia, 2005, Madhyamakhanda, 11/56, p 273 52 Acharya Sri Madhava, Ayurveda Prakasa Arthavidyotini and Arthaprakasini Sanskrit and Hindi commentary by Vaidya Vachaspati Shri Gulraj Sharma Mishra. Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi. 2020,4/16, p 411 53 Pandit Sarngadhara, Sarngadhara Samhita, Edited by Parashurama Shastri, 6 th edition, Varanasi, Chaukambha Orientalia, 2005, Madhyamakhanda, 11/56, p 273 54 Acharya Sri Madhava, Ayurveda Prakasa Arthavidyotini and Arthaprakasini Sanskrit and Hindi commentary by Vaidya Vachaspati Shri Gulraj Sharma Mishra. Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi. 2020,4/16, p 411 55 Pandit Sarngadhara, Sarngadhara Samhita, Edited by Parashurama Shastri, 6 th edition, Varanasi, Chaukambha Orientalia, 2005, Madhyamakhanda, 11/56, p 273 56 Pandit Sarngadhara, Sarngadhara Samhita, Edited by Parashurama Shastri, 6 th edition, Varanasi, Chaukambha Orientalia, 2005, Madhyamakhanda, 11/56, p 273 57 Acharya Yadavji Trikamji, Rasamruta, English translation by Dr. Damodar Joshi, 2 nd Edition, Varanasi, Chauhabha Sanskrit Bhavan, 2003, 2/70, p 56 58 Pandit Shyama Sundaraacharya, Vaishya Rasayana Shastri, Rasayana Sara, 6 th edition, Varanasi, Krishnadas Academy Publication, 1997, Vol.1, Dhatushodhana marana prakarana/282, p 286 59 Kaviraj Bhudeb Mookerji, Rasa Jala Nidhi or Ocean of Indian Chemistry and Alchemy. Parimal publications, Delhi. Vol.2,chp.1, p 73 60 Acharya Bindu, Rasa Paddhati, 2 nd edition, Varanasi, Chaukambha Orientalia, 2005, Maharasa prakarana/79, p 100 61 Pandit Shyama Sundaraacharya, Vaishya Rasayana Shastri, Rasayana Sara, 6 th edition, Varanasi, Krishnadas Academy Publication, 1997, Vol.1, Dhatushodhana marana prakarana/284, p 287 62 Acharya Shalinatha, Rasa Manjari, Hindi commentary by Acharya Siddhinandan Mishra, 2 nd edition, Varanasi, Chaukambha Orientalia, 2003, 3/82, p 41 63 Sri Siddinandana Mishra, Ayurvedeeya Rasashastra, 11 th edition, Varanasi, Chaukambha Orientalia, 2001, Maharasa prakarana, p 382 64 Sri Vagbhatacharya, Rasaratna samuchaya, commentary by D.A.Kulkarni, Meherchand lachamanadas publications, New Delhi.2017,2/79, p 29

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Siji KT et al. A review on Swarnamakshika Marana ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE Nov-Dec 2021 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Nov - Dec 2021 | Vol. 6 | Issue 6 227 65 Pranacharya Shri Sadananda Sharma, Rasatarangini, edited by Kasinatha Shastri, Motilal Banarasidas, Varanasi,11 th edition,21/26, p 524 66 Sri Gopala Krishna, Rasendra Sara Sangraha with Satyartha prakashika hindi commentary by Vaidya Satyartha Prakasha, 1 st edition, Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, 1/213, p 135 67 Acharya Yashodhara, Rasaprakasha Sudhakara, Edited by Sidhinanda Misra, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi, 3 rd edition,2004,5/125, p 112 ******************************* How to cite this article: Siji KT, Sruthi PV, Deepna PP, Gauthaman M. A review on Swarnamakshika Marana. J Ayurveda Integr Med Sci 2021;6:220-227. Source of Support: Nil, Conflict of Interest: None declared. Copyright © 2021 The Author(s); Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization, Vijayapur (Regd). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and perform the work and make derivative works based on it only for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work is properly cited

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