A Single Drug Protocol for Bhinnavisha (fragmented poison)

REVIEW ARTICLE Mar-Apr 2021 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Mar - Apr 2021 | Vol. 6 | Issue 2 174 A Single Drug Protocol for Bhinnavisha (fragmented poison) Dr. Sharon Jose 1 , Dr. Hema AG 2 , Dr. Ambili TS 3 1,2,3 Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Agadatantra, MVR Ayurveda Medical College, Parassinikadavu, Kannur, Kerala, INDIA. I NTRODUCTION Though the concept of Visha (poison) is explained in different contexts, its notion seems to be unique in Ayurveda. Concepts like Garavisha (artificial poisons) , Dooshivisha (cumulative toxins), Jangamavisha (poison of animal origin ), Sthavaravishas (poisons of plant origin), Virudhaahara (incompactable food) are much familiar to the ayurvedic world. The idea of Bhinnavisha (fragmented poison) is not acquainted to the budding ayurvedic physicians so far. Details on Bhinnavisha (fragmented poisons) are clearly Address for correspondence: Dr. Sharon Jose Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Agadatantra, MVR Ayurveda Medical College, Parassinikadavu, Kannur, Kerala, INDIA. E-mail: [email protected] Submission Date: 19/03/2021 Accepted Date: 23/04/2021 Access this article online Quick Response Code Website: www.jaims.in Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization, Vijayapur, Karnataka (Regd) under the license CCby-NC-SA explained in Agada literatures like Prayoga Samuchaya, [1] Visha Vaidya Jyotsnika, [2] Kriya Koumudi, [3] Visha Vaidya Sara Samuchaya, [4] Keraleeya Visha Chikitsa. [5] Bhinna Visha or Sthambha Visha (fragmented poison) is a condition in which the Visha gets scattered in the body, due to certain reasons and on special occasions it manifests as systemic disorders. Tankaree, with botanical name Physalis minima. Linn , family Solanaceae and English name Native gooseberry ( njottanjodiyan in Malayalam) [6] is used as a single drug, in this condition in the form of herbal decoction, medicated ghee and decoction in milk aiming at specific actions like Aamapachana (for proper metabolism), to regain normal function and as Rasayana (rejuvenation) This article is meant to throw light on the effect of Physalis minima in treatment of Visha with respect to Bhinnavisha (fragmented poison). M ATERIALS AND M ETHODS Bhinnavisha (fragmented poison) In Visha Chikitsa , equal emphasis is given to the present as well as the anticipated symptoms in A B S T R A C T Concepts like Garavisha (artificial poisons) , Dooshivisha (cumulative toxins), Jangamavisha (poison of animal origin ), Sthavaravishas (poisons of plant origin), Virudhaahara (incompatible food) are much familiar to the ayurvedic world. The idea of Bhinnavisha ( fragmented poison) is not acquainted to the budding ayurvedic physicians so far. Many textual references are available for this topic in traditional Malayalam Vishachikitsa texts. The modern conceptual world is with less knowledge on such topics though its applicability is very high. Bhinnavisha is a condition in which the Visha gets scattered and settles in Sandhipradesha (joints), resulting in symptoms like weakness of joints, pains, Kampa (tremors), Daha (burning sensation) and different kinds of manifestations in the course of time due to certain reasons. We are provided with many treatment methodologies for Bhinnavisha (fragmented poison) textually. Here is an attempt to reveal a much-practiced methodology for the treatment of Bhinnavisha (fragmented poison) with a widely available single drug Physalis minima. Linn used in Kashaya ( decoction) , Ksheerapaka (decoction in milk) and Ghrita (ghee) forms. Key words: Bhinnavisha, Ghrita, Ksheerapaka, Physalis minima, Visha Chikitsa.

Dr. Sharon Jose et al. A Single Drug Protocol for Bhinnavisha (fragmented poison) ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE Mar-Apr 2021 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Mar - Apr 2021 | Vol. 6 | Issue 2 175 succeeding Dhatu , as Visha spreads quickly due to its Theekshna property (severe property). In some instances, the medicine administered internally may not be sufficient to counteract the poison. In both these conditions, the Visha gets scattered and settles in Sandhipradesha (joints), resulting in symptoms like weakness of joints, pains, Kampa (tremors), Daha (burning sensation) and different kinds of manifestations in due course of time. This phenomenon of Visha is explained as Bhinnavisha (fragmented poison) [7] The term Sthambha Visha (fragmented poison) is used in some texts, with additional symptoms like heaviness of head, giddiness, burning sensation of abdomen, decreased vision, fever which occur after a certain period of time. Treatment protocol starting with Shodhana kriyas (purifactory methods) are mentioned along with internal administration of medicines, Jaladhara (pouring of water) depending on the Dosha predominance is explained [8] Physalis minima Linn. [9] ▪ Family : Solanaceae ▪ Sanskrit name : Tankaree, Mridukunchika, Cirapotha, Lakshmanapriya ▪ English name : Native gooseberry ▪ Malayalam name : Njottanjodiyan ▪ Part used : Whole plant Physalis minima is profoundly growing on the bunds of fields, wastelands, around the houses, on roadsides, seen in the sub Himalayas up to altitude of 1,650 metres [10] Tankaree possess the properties like Thikta Rasa, Laghu Guna and is Mootrala, Virechaka, Sothahara, Udararogahara, Vatakaphahara and Deepani [11] Fig. 1: Plant of Physalis minima Linn . Fig. 2: fruit of Physalis minima Linn. Medicine Administration The single drug is administered in three forms - Kashaya (herbal decoction), Ksheerapaka (decoction in milk) and Ghrita (medicated ghee). Even though the textual reference elaborates its use as decoction in milk, [12] another effective protocol is being followed in regular practice using the same drug. It is as follows; Table 1: Administration of Physalis minima in different forms. Phase Condition of the patient Mode of administration I Joint pain, weakness of limbs, tremors, burning sensation, heaviness of head etc. Symptoms which reveal the presence of Ama (improper digestion). Samoola Kashaya [13] (herbal decoction with whole plant parts) II When all the symptoms are decreased but still general fatigue exists. Samoola Ksheerapaka [14] (decoction in milk with whole plant parts) III The symptoms are completely relieved. Samoola Ghrita [15] (ghee prepared with whole plant parts) R ESULT An easy and effective protocol for treatment of Bhinnavisha (fragmented poison), being a least explored part of Vishachikitsa , is explained here.

Dr. Sharon Jose et al. A Single Drug Protocol for Bhinnavisha (fragmented poison) ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE Mar-Apr 2021 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Mar - Apr 2021 | Vol. 6 | Issue 2 176 DISCUSSION The primary line of treatment for any latent poisons includes Virechana (purgation). Kashaya (herbal decoction) of the drug with Virechaka (purgative), Mootrala (evacuates excess Doshas in body) and Deepani (increases the metabolism) properties acts as Amapachana and further evacuates the Visha from the body. Ksheerapaka (decoction in milk) helps the Dhatus to get back to its normal function. Ksheerapaka (decoction in milk) is most Laghu (light) among the Kashayakalpanas (forms of decoction) and can prepare the body to accept Ghrita (medicated ghee) given as Rasayana (rejuvination). Acharya Vagbhata explains Rasayana (rejuvenation therapy) just after Damshtrachikitsa in the context of Ashtangas of Ayurveda [16] Dhatupradoshajavikaras (diseases affecting Dhatus ) are mentioned in context of Visha [17] while Dhaturasayana (giving nourishment to Dhatus ) is the purpose of Rasayana (rejuvenation therapy) [18] All these facts elucidate the importance of Rasayana ( rejuvination ) therapy in Vishachikitsa . Proper elimination of Vishas and normalizing the Dhatus by giving ample nourishment is essential to prevent the recurrence of symptoms. The symptoms of Bhinnavisha (fragmented poison) are very common in the concurrent world due to the altered lifestyles. The present medical world is witnessing many chronic diseases which are in turn termed as idiopathic. The original cause can be clarified and conquered with this kind of concealed knowledge. The effective treatments for many such ‘idiopathic’ diseases are available in our texts which are yet to be explored and accepted. Here these methods of administration of the single drug are found to be much easier and effective. A CKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors are indebted to Dr. B Prabhakaran, former Chief Physician of Pappinisery Visha Chikitsa Kendra Kannur, for the valuable knowledge shared by him. We are grateful to Dr. T S Krishnakumar HOD, Dr. Jayasmitha S J Associate professor, Dr. Shidhin K Krishnan and Dr. Jayadeep K, Assistant Professors, Dept. of Agadatantra MVR Ayurveda Medical College, Parassinikadavu, Kannur, for the constant support done to complete the work. Dr. Anju P Ramachandran and Dr. Arathi Rajesh are specially recognized for the wholehearted motivation given to us. Dr. Reji M Varghese and Dr. Ittoop J Ancheril are acknowledged for the assistance put forth for the completion of the literary part of the article. REFERENCES 1 Kochunni Thamburan. Prayoga Samucchaya.9 th paricheda.p.257. 2 Narayanan. Visha Vaidya Jyotsnika. english translation. etd by V J E Elizebath, C M Sreekrishnan, K V Asha. 8 th chapter. Samanya chikitsa krama. 1 st edition. Kottakkal. Department of Agadatantra, Vaidyaratnam P S Varier.2009.p.85. 3 V M Kuttikrishna Menon. Kriya Koumudi. 1 stedition. Kottayam: kerala sahitya pravartaka co-operative society ltd; 1986.p.389. 4 Cherukulappurath Krishnan Namboodiri.Visha Vaidya Sara Samuchaya. Utharabhagam. Comm by V M C Sankaran Namboodiri.Thrissur.Ullannoor Mana Trust.2006.p.134. 5 Avanaparambu Maheshwaran Namboothiripad. Malayalam.Keraleeya Visha Chikitsa.Malappuram, Department of publications, Kottakkal Arya Vaidya Sala.2016.p.94. 6 Indian medicinal plants. edited by P K Warrier, VPK Nambiar,C Ramankutty, Vaidyaratnam P S Varier. Aryavaidya sala, Kottakal, published by Orient Longman.vol 4.p.266. 7 Kochunni Thamburan. Prayoga Samucchaya.9 th paricheda.p.257. 8 V M Kuttikrishna Menon. Kriya Koumudi. 1 stedition. Kottayam: kerala sahitya pravartaka co-operative society ltd; 1986.p.389. 9 Indian medicinal plants. edited by P K Warrier, VPK Nambiar,C Ramankutty, Vaidyaratnam P S Varier.Aryavaidya sala, Kottakal, published by Orient Longman.vol 4.p.266. 10 Parmar C.and M K Koushal. Physalis minima. In: Wild Fruits. Kalyani Publishers, NewDelhi.1982.p.62-65. 11 Bhavamisra. Bhavaprakasha Nighantu. edited by Sri.Brahmasankara Mishra and Sri.Rupalalajivisya. The

Dr. Sharon Jose et al. A Single Drug Protocol for Bhinnavisha (fragmented poison) ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE Mar-Apr 2021 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Mar - Apr 2021 | Vol. 6 | Issue 2 177 kashi Sanskrit series 130.part 1. Choukamba Sanskrit Samsthan.p.360. 12 Kochunni Thamburan. Prayoga Samucchaya.9 th paricheda.p.257. 13 Pandita Sarangadharacharya. Sarangadhara Samhita Madyamakhanda 2 nd chapter, Adhamalla’s Dipika And Kasirama’s Gudhartha Dipika. edited by Pt.Parashuram Shastri Vidyasagar. Varanasi: Krishnadas Acadamey ;2013. p.144. 14 Pandita Sarangadharacharya. Sarangadhara Samhita Mady amakhanda, Annapaakakriya, Adhamalla’s Dipika And Kasirama’s Gudhartha Dipika. edited by Pt.Parashuram Shastri Vidyasagar. Varanasi: Krishnadas Acadamey ;2013. p.164. 15 Pandita Sarangadharacharya. Sarangadhara Samhita Madyamakhanda 9 th chapter, Adhamalla’s D ipika And Kasirama’s Gudhartha Dipika. edited by Pt.Parashuram Shastri Vidyasagar. Varanasi: Krishnadas Acadamey ;2013. p.212. 16 Acharya Vagbhata. Ashtanga Hridaya Sootrasthana 1 st chapter,ver 5. Arunadatta Sarvanga Sundara, Hemadri Ayurveda Rasayana. edited by Pt. Bhishagacharya Harshastri Paradkar. Varanasi: Chaukhambha publications;2010.p.5. 17 Acharya Vagbhata. Ashtanga Hridaya Utharasthana 35 th chapter,ver 36. Arunadatta Sarvanga Sundara, Hemadri Ayurveda Rasayana. edited by Pt. Bhishagacharya Harshastri Paradkar. Varanasi: Chaukhambha publications;2010.p.905. 18 Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji Acharya, Caraka Samhita by Agnivesha, Chikitsasthana.1 st chapter.Ver 7.Varanasi: Chowkhamba Krishnadas Academy.p.376. ******************************* How to cite this article: Dr. Sharon Jose, Dr. Hema AG, Dr. Ambili TS. A Single Drug Protocol for Bhinnavisha (fragmented poison). J Ayurveda Integr Med Sci 2021;2:174-177. Source of Support: Nil, Conflict of Interest: None declared. Copyright © 2021 The Author(s); Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization, Vijayapur (Regd). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Kashaya, Dhatu, Daha, Ayurveda, Kampa, Jaladhara, Visha, Ghrita, Rasayana, Sthavaravisha, Shothahara, Jangamavisha, Virechana, Vishachikitsa, Virechaka, Garavisha, Agadatantra, Joint, Burning sensation, Artificial poison, Purgation, Medicated ghee, Herbal decoction, Rejuvenation therapy, Amapachana, Dooshivisha, Rejuvenation, Mootrala, Laghu Guna, Shodhana kriya, Joint pain, Altered lifestyle, Aamapachana, Virudhaahara, Ksheerapaka, Vatakaphahara, Incompatible food, Single drug, Idiopathic, Normal function, Cumulative toxin.