Concept of Oushadha Samyoga in Ayurveda

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Guna, Nair, Haroon, Mar, Amrita, Exceptional, Athira, Rasa, Leena, Irshad, Kala]

REVIEW ARTICLE Mar-Apr 2021 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Mar - Apr 2021 | Vol. 6 | Issue 2 114 Concept of Oushadha Samyoga in Ayurveda Dr. Athira P 1 , Dr. Leena P. Nair 2 , Dr. Haroon Irshad 3 1 Post Graduate Scholar, 2,3 Associate Professor, Department of Maulika Siddhanta (Basic principles of Ayurveda), Amrita school of Ayurveda, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, INDIA. I NTRODUCTION Based on the origin of source the Ayurvedic medicine can broadly be classified into two Kashtoushadi ( Herbal medicine ) and Rasoushadi (Mineral origin), among them, Kashtoushadi conquered more popularity throughout the world because of its minimum side effects and wide range of Pharmacological application. The Kashtoushadi can be employed mainly in two ways such as a single drug and poly herbal formulation. Polyherbal formulations are the unique contribution of Ayurveda. The action of polyherbal formulations depends upon various factors such as Samyoga ( combination ) , Samskara (processing), Matra (quantity) , Desha (place), Kala Address for correspondence: Dr. Haroon Irshad Associate Professor, Department of Moulika Siddhanta (Basic Principles of Ayurveda), Amrita School of Ayurveda, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, INDIA. E-mail: haroon 84 irshad@gmail.com Submission Date: 12/03/2021 Accepted Date: 07/04/2021 Access this article online Quick Response Code Website: www.jaims.in Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization, Vijayapur, Karnataka (Regd) under the license CCby-NC-SA (time) , Rasapanchaka etc. among them the core principle behind the poly herbal formulations is the concept of Samyoga . Samyoga is an important tool in the hand of the physician, to make modifications in Panchaboutika composition of drugs under controlled conditions. In the 26 th chapter of Charaka Samhita Sutrasthana , Acharya Charaka stated that there is no substance on this earth without the medicinal property but needed to employ appropriate Yukti (rationale) according to the need of the situation. In this Yukti , Samyoga is having a key role to play as it is the only component by which one can make modifications in the Panchaboutika combinations of a Dravya ( substance). So it is necessary to know the concept of Samyoga to comprehend the basic concepts in the preparation of multi drug formulations. The physician and the pharmacist should have the appropriate knowledge on Samyoga, which gives maximum benefits to the patient. Ayurveda is well recognized for its polyherbal formulations. In such formulations, multiple drugs are united in an exact ratio to get the anticipated outcome. All formulations are fortified by the combination of a number of drugs according to the state of the patient and disease. The best among the physicians is one who knows the application for external as well as internal actions, combination, and A B S T R A C T Ayurvedic medicines have an exceptional way of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. The pharmacological actions of Ayurvedic drugs were explained through Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipaka, Prabhava etc. Ayurveda is well known for both single and polyherbal formulation, among them poly herbal formulations have prime role because of its multiple pharmacological actions. Various basic concepts of Ayurveda such as Samyoga, Samskara, Rasapanchaka, Anupana etc were playing behind the formation of polyherbal formulation. The concept of Samyoga , is the essential norm behind the formation of Polyherbal preparations. Thus, literary review mainly intended to know the role of Samyoga in the preparation of various Ayurvedic poly herbal preparations and to highlight their importance of Oushadha Samyoga (multidrug/ polyherbal formulation) in the present era. Key words: Samyoga, Oushadha Samyoga, Drug combination, Ayurveda.

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Eka, Ayu, Main, Mana, Sam]

Dr. Athira P. et al. Concept of Oushadha Samyoga in Ayurveda ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE Mar-Apr 2021 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Mar - Apr 2021 | Vol. 6 | Issue 2 115 rational administration of these drugs [1] The drug can be used multi-dimensional with the support of Samyoga . The drug cannot be used as it is and it entails some modifications to get the desired effect. So to make such modifications Samyoga is mandatory. C ONCEPT OF S AMYOGA The word samyoga is formed by the Upasarga Sam, Yuj Dhatu and Khanj Pratyaya [2] and have the meaning such as conjunction, union, combination, intimate union. Acharya Charaka defined Samyoga as the Combination or union of different substances [3] In the context of Ashta Ahara Vidhi (eight dietetic rules) Acharya Charaka defined Samyoga is the combination of two or more Dravyas . Such combination results in the manifestation of some new entities, which cannot be manifested in individual substances [4] Satva (mind), Atma (soul), and Sharira ( body ) these are the Tridanda (three pillar) of life and the whole universe depends on their combination [5] Ayu (life) is the combination of Sharira, Indriya ( sense organs ), Satva and Atma . This definition of Ayu itself highlights the importance of Samyoga. [6] In the formation of Garbha ( fetus ), the proper union of Shukra (sperm) Shonita (ovum) is necessary [7] Perception is the main source of knowledge and for perception, the proper combination Atma, Mana, Indriya, and Indriyartha ( objects of sense organs ) is necessary [8] Asatmendriyartha Samyoga (the unwholesome combination of soul, senses, and objects) is one of the main causes of disease [9] Acharya Charaka has included Samyoga in Paradi Guna , which are called as Chikitsaupayogi Guna. [3] This indicates the importance of Samyoga in the treatment field In the definition of Karma (Action) , Acharya Charaka stated that Karma present in the matter is the cause of combination and separation [10] In the extensive literature of Charaka Samhita , used the term Samyoga in the meaning of combination and the concept of Samyoga is important in the interpretation of drugs Types In the context of Paraadi Guna, Acharya Chakrapaani described three types of Samyoga [3] ▪ Eka Karmaja - in this combination domination of one Dravya will subside the others ▪ Dvandva Karmaja - in this combination union of both the Dravyas will take part in the effect e.g. Two goats are fighting together ▪ Sarva Karmaja - in this combination all the Dravyas will take part in the effect. e.g. Addition of grain in a pot having many such grains, they are in combination with each other. Concept of Oushadha Samyoga (Drug combination) Ayurveda is rich with polyherbal formulations and they are in various forms like Kashaya (decoction) , Choorna (powder) , Asava, Arishta , Taila (oil) etc. based on the method of preparation. While formulating a poly herbal formulation. The drugs should not be incompatible each other or else may create some unsafe outcome on the body. Drug combinations generally proposed to act in a synergistic way may help to eliminate the side effects or act as a catalyst. In the context of Oushadha Samyoga , the potency of formulation depends upon the suitable selection and combination of selected drugs, the drugs can be used multidimensional by proper Samyoga of numerous Oushadha . Multidrug formulations are communal in Ayurveda , many ingredients in different forms are processed together to get maximum therapeutic effects or to reduce the side effects or to make it more suitable to patient. Acharya Charaka stated that by Samyoga one becomes capable to use toxic substance as medicine and Samyoga not done properly or improper way the medicine can act as toxic [11] Based on the Samyoga there are 57 Rasa Samyoga (taste combinations) and 63 Rasa Vikalpa. [12] By applying Samyoga the drug can be used with different combinations according to the condition of the patient and disease. Acharya Charaka stated that Asava , one kind of polyherbal formulation are innumerable because of the Samyoga and Samskara of different Dravyas . They exhibit their effect based on their respective combination and method of preparation. Based on the combination of Dravyas Asava are classified into 84 types [13] Tila Taila (sesame oil) is the base for all Taila preparations, can

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Ola, Kalpana, Rock, Pandu, Honey, Good]

Dr. Athira P. et al. Concept of Oushadha Samyoga in Ayurveda ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE Mar-Apr 2021 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Mar - Apr 2021 | Vol. 6 | Issue 2 116 use both internally and externally . Acharya Charaka explained that Tila Taila said to be the Sarvarogahara (cure all ailments) if it is undergone proper Samyoga and Samskara. [14] In the preparation of Leha (linctus) the properties of Leha based on the Samyoga, Samskara and Dravya Mana. [15] Ghee, though having similar qualities as that of Kapha Dosha can alleviate the same after doing proper Samyoga and Samskara. [16] The drugs should be potentiated by the proper Samyoga and Samskara and such drugs can perform strong actions in Alpa Matra (less quantity) also [17] All these statement makes clear that Oushadha Samyoga Jnana (knowledge on drug combination) is an essential pre requisite factor of a physician. In Siddhisthana, Acharya Drudhabala had elaborated the qualities of Bheshaja such as Alpamatram (good effect within minimum time), Mahavegam (quick in action), Bahudosha Haram (pacify the vitiated Dosha), Sukham (easy to take), Laghupakam (Light in digestion) , Sukhasvadam (palatable), Prinana ṃ (pleasing), Vyadhinashanam (curative of a particular disease), Na atiglanikaram (not causing tiredness), Gandavarnarasopetam (most agreeable taste smell and color) [18] To achieve all these qualities Samyoga is an important tool. Among four qualities of Bheshaja (medicine) , Aneka Vidha Kalpana (Various pharmaceutical forms) is most important, here the other three qualities i.e., Bahuta ( availability in abundance) , Yogyatva (suitability) and Sampat [19] may degrade or decrease, but by making Samyoga various formulations can be formed from a single drug ( Bahuta) . The drug can be made effective according to the different diseases or stages of same disease ( Yogyatva ) and the potency can be increased by giving Bhavana (trituration) of the same drug, in short to increase the quality of Bheshaja , Samyoga can be employed effectively by the physician. Other than the polyherbal preparation in pharmaceutical preparations, the Samyoga can be understood in the terms of Bhavana given to drugs. Bhavana is one among the Samskara. It is a unique and distinct pharmaceutical procedure in which powdered drug or mixture of drugs is completely made wet in the liquid media and ground till the complete absorption of the liquid into the powder. In the preparation of Amlaka Rasayana Bhavana of Amlaka with Amlaka Svarasa. [20] In the preparation of Shilajatu Vataka in Pandu Roga Chikitsa - should be done the Bhavana of Shilajatu for 10, 20 or 30 times in the Kwatha prepared with Ku ṭ aja, Haritaki, Vibhitaki, Amla, Ni ṃ ba, Pa ṭ ola, Musta and Nagara. [21] The dynamism of drugs can be increased by impregnation with some expressed juice of drugs. Therefore, drugs should be impregnated with their own expressed juice or the expressed juice of some other drugs having similar potency The concept of Prakshepaka Dravyas (additives) can also be understood in the context of Oushadha Samyoga, they are the additives, apart from the main ingredients some other Dravyas added into formulations particularly into Avaleha, Asava, Arishta etc. preparations which added in a minor quantity other than the main drug and are distinct to each Kalpana act as a synergize and also aid to pharmacological action, bestows palatability, aroma. They affirm and augment the absorption of the drug by their bio enhancing property, act as a preservative. Honey, jaggery, rock salt, sugar, cumin seed etc. are the main Prakshepaka Dravyas usually added to the Ayurvedic formulations. The selection and quantity of Prakshepaka Dravya depends upon physicians Yukti The concept Anupana (Adjuvants) can also be incorporated with the concept of Samyoga Anupana is also known as Sahapana indicates the substance or drink which is taken with or after the medicine or food. It can be considered as an essential part of Oushadha and also come in the category of Oushadha Samyoga. Potency of drug is enhanced when administrated with suitable Anupana and have the capacity to reduce the ailment by augmenting the action of medicine. It carries the medicine to its target. Different Anupana were mentioned for different formulations. It is used as an adjuvant to increase the effect of the drug or impart flavor and palatability. In modern pharmacology the terms like Adjuvant, carrier, vehicle all the meanings of these

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Man, Narayana, Prasanna, Sura]

Dr. Athira P. et al. Concept of Oushadha Samyoga in Ayurveda ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE Mar-Apr 2021 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Mar - Apr 2021 | Vol. 6 | Issue 2 117 words implicate that substance administrated along with medicine similar to the concept of Anupana. The main Anupana are cold water, hot water, ghee, milk, honey, buttermilk, sugar, jaggery, [22] etc. Anupana is usually selected on the basis of drug, patient, disease etc. Narayana Choorna, a multi-drug formulation indicated in different ailments with different Anupana , in Ajirna with Ushnajala , for Aanaha with Sura , for Vataroga with Prasanna , in Udara with Takra. [23] The common actions of Anupana to bring about refreshment, pleasure, increase energy, nourishment, give satisfaction etc [24] In Ayurveda most of the drugs used in the combination with ghee, honey, milk etc. such adjuvant also provides some synergistic effects. Ghrita providing lipid medium and helps to absorb the properties of drugs mixed with it. High lipid solubility leads to a larger volume of distribution and better CNS penetration absorption is favoured when the drug is in lipophilic form, by mixing with ghee the lipophilic nature of these substance helps in proper absorption [25] The combinations with milk, ghee and honey impart taste and flavor and make it palatable Ghee and honey have Yogavahi (which carries the qualities of substance with which it is associated in the combination) property. For example, the drug Vacha commonly used in the combination with ghee and honey, Drug Vacha have immune modulatory activity, honey and ghee also have immune potentiating property, because of these properties Vacha with honey and ghee used in children to boost up the immune system [26] Taleesapatraadi Vataka one of the Ayurveda formulation explained in the context of Grahani Chikitsa . It indicated in various ailments with different ingredients for e.g., if a patient with Vidgraha (constipation) , Abhaya should be used in the place of Nagara. Here according to the condition of the patient combing drugs are different [27] Modern scientific community accepts only two types of combinations such as Physical combination (mixture) and Chemical combination (compound). In Ayurvedic formulations Churnas and Gutikas are the examples of mixtures. While Asava and Lehyas etc., are the examples of compounds. In modern pharmaceuticals the terms such as drug synergism, drug antagonism, additives etc. can be understood in the context of Oushadha Samyoga Drug synergism can be defined as the interaction between two or more drugs that causes the total result of the drugs to be greater than the sum of the single effects of each drug. Plants of varying potency when combined may preferably yield a greater result, as compared to single use of the plant and also the sum of their single effect. This phenomenon of positive herb -herb interaction is known as drug synergism. Drug antagonism can be defined as an interaction between two or more drugs that have opposite effects on the body. Drug antagonism may reduce the efficacy of one or more of the drugs. The dynamic phytochemical component of single plants has been well recognized and they generally present in small amount and inadequate to attain the specific therapeutic effect. Additive effects can be termed as the sum of the effects of the chemicals involved in the reaction. They impart color, taste, aroma to that formulation. DISCUSSION Drug and diet are the integral part of prevention and treatment of the disease, the Samyoga can be applied in the context of drug in the terms of Oushadha Samyoga and can understand it through the various aspects of Poly herbal formulation. In Ayurvedic medicines we can observe the combined use of Pippali and Haridra. The combined use of piperine and curcumin have synergistic effects, the medicinal properties of curcumin has poor bio availability due to its rapid metabolism. In the combined use of piperine and curcumin, shows that piperine enhances the serum concentration, extent absorption and bio availability of curcumin in rats and man probably due to increased absorption and reduced metabolism, [28] this combination can be taken as an example of Eka Karmaja Samyoga because combination of Pippali helps in the bioavailability of curcumin from Haridra .

Dr. Athira P. et al. Concept of Oushadha Samyoga in Ayurveda ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE Mar-Apr 2021 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Mar - Apr 2021 | Vol. 6 | Issue 2 118 The combined ( Samyoga ) use of Haritaki with Saindhava Lavana in Kaphaja Kasa is much more efficient than the single use. It is also found both are having capacity to subside the Kaphaja Kasa independently up to some extent when both are used in the Samyoga form, the effect of the drug is found to be increased in comparison to the effect produced when the drugs are used single. When Haritaki taken with Samyoga of Lavana it removes Kapha Dosha , it is taken along with Sharkara it eliminates Pitta Dosha [29] found highly significant in Kasa Cikitsa this can be taken as an example for Dvandva Karmaja Samyoga . All the multidrug herbal preparations used in Ayurveda can be taken as examples for the Sarva Karmaja Samyoga . In this way the three types of Samyoga can be understood through the Oushadha Samyoga. Intake of Yashtimadhu with milk act on Blood brain barrier and easy penetration into brain. Oral administration of Yashtimadhu with milk improves the memory. Co administration of milk enhances the nootropic action of Yashtimadhu. [30] Combination of Rhizome of Acorus calamus, Curcuma aromatica and Zingiber officinale . Powdered sample of each drug and mixture treated with ghee and milk separately, also treated the drugs with ghee and milk together. Estimated the total phenolic compound, radicle scavenging activity and Anti-oxidant activity. milk treated herbal samples showed a high level of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity when compared to ghee treated samples and aqueous extracts of the respective herbal sample [31] The above said research papers shows the synergistic effects of Oushadha Samyoga. In the present days of globalization, many of the valuable drugs mentioned in Ayurveda classics are becoming rarely the available or unavailable due to increased borrowing of crude drugs, so availability, of the drugs is going on decreasing. In such conditions, the available drugs can be utilized multidimensional only with the help of proper Samyoga. In Oushadha Samyoga the alteration or changes takes place in the Panchaboutika level. Due to this changes we can make innumerable Oushadha Kalpana (medicinal formulations), use of these Kalpana will be different according to the patient, season, disease condition, place etc. By making Samyoga the desired effect can be achieved that not present in the original Dravya. Including the Samyoga as a Paraadi Guna highlighted its role in Chikitsa Siddhi . The Samyoga Guna also hold a position and the Guna should be known by physician and pharmacist. The concept of Samskara is adjoining with the concept of Samyoga . In polyherbal formulations both Samyoga and Samskara go hand in hand, together are capable to bring changes in the physical, chemical and pharmaceutical level. In many places the word Samyoga used in adherence with Samskara , Samskara involves the union of one substance with another, but the substance which is used as Samskaraka Dravya is not dominantly observed. In the same way Samyoga also show close relationship with Yukti Guna of physician, they hold mutual association. The Yukti always plays an essential role while doing the Oushadha Samyoga . Proper selection of drugs in to a particular formulation is always depends upon the Yukti of the physician. In the preparation of multi drugs formulation, the Yukti of Vaidya (physician) is necessary, so it can be said that the success in the treatment mainly depends upon the proper Samyoga of various drugs by a Yuktinja Vaidya . Acharya Charaka in Vimanasthana 1 st chapter under the context of Ashta Ahara Vidhi Visesha Ayatana, Karana is defined as, processing is the refinement of natural products which transformation of natural or inherent attribute of substance is done. This transformation is affected through Agni Sannikarsha, Toya Sannikarsha etc., here the word Sannikarsha can be understood as Samyoga , while preparing the formulations like Kashaya, Lehya etc. they come in contact with Toya and Agni , which imparts changes in both physical and chemical level. The physical changes include changes in colour, aroma, taste etc. changes at chemical level includes both in physico-chemical and phyto-chemical level. It becomes necessary to understand the concept of Samyoga and basic principles behind the preparation of polyherbal

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Dr. Athira P. et al. Concept of Oushadha Samyoga in Ayurveda ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE Mar-Apr 2021 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Mar - Apr 2021 | Vol. 6 | Issue 2 119 formulations, then only one can use it more effectively to form different formulations from a single drug as per the requirement. Oushadha Samyoga, Anupana all act in a synergistic way but Samyoga Viruddha act as antagonistic way. CONCLUSION Every basic concepts of Ayurveda, have its own clinical implementation. Samyoga is one of such unique contribution of Ayurveda and implemented in the context of Oushadha Samyoga (polyherbal/ multidrug formulations). Such drug combinations may result in synergistic, antagonistic or additive effect. Accepting proper drug combinations and avoiding improper drug combination results in the attainment of better therapeutic effect. The Chikitsasiddhi is completely depends upon the proper use of polyherbal formulation by a Yuktijna Vaidya. REFERENCES 1 Acharya Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji, Caraka Samhita, with the Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan; 2009,Page no. 35 2 Raja Radhakantha Dev, Sabdakalpadruma, Amar Publications, second edition, 2008 3 Acharya Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji, Caraka Samhita, with the Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan;2009, page no- 141 4 Acharya Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Caraka Samhita, with the Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan;2009, Page no - 235 5 Acharya Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji.Caraka Samhita, with the Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan;2009, Page no - 11 6 Acharya Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Caraka Samhita, with the Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan;2009, Page no - 8 7 Acharya Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji. Caraka Samhita, with the Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan;2009, Page no-316 8 Acharya Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Caraka Samhita, with the Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta.. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan;2009 Page no- 71 9 Acharya Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji,Caraka Samhita, with the Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta.. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan;2009 Page no-76 10 Acharya Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji, Caraka Samhita, with the Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan;2009, Page no-13 11 Caraka Samhita, with the Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta. Acharya Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji. Varanasi: Chaukhamba SurbharatiPrakashan;2009 12 Acharya Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji, Caraka Samhita, with the Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan;2009, Page no-83 13 Acharya Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji, Caraka Samhita, with the Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan;2009, Page no-134 14 Acharya Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji, Caraka Samhita, with the Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta,Varanasi:Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan;2009 Page no-170 15 Acharya Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji, Caraka Samhita, with the Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta. Varanasi:Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan;2009 Page no- 169 16 Acharya Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji.Caraka Samhita, with the Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta Varanasi: Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan;2009 Page no-166 17 Acharya Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji.Caraka Samhita, with the Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan;2009 Page no-672 18 Acharya Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji, Caraka Samhita, with the Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan;2009 Page no-704 19 Acharya Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji, Caraka Samhita, with the Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan;2009 Page no-63 20 Acharya Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji, Caraka Samhita, with the AyurvedaDipika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta. Varanasi: ChaukhambaSurbharati Prakashan;2009 Page no -630 21 Acharya Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji. Caraka Samhita, with the AyurvedaDipika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta. Varanasi: ChaukhambaSurbharati Prakashan;2009 Page no- 530 22 Acharya Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji ,Caraka Samhita, with the Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta.. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan;2009 Page no-171 23 Acharya Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji ,Caraka Samhita, with the Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta.. Varanasi: ChaukhambaSurbharati Prakashan;2009,Page no-497 24 Acharya Vaidya Jadavaji Trikamji Caraka Samhita, with the Ayurveda Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta.. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan;2009 Page no- 172

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Ram, Murthy, Ashok, Ajay, Perumal, Shiva, Nil, Med]

Dr. Athira P. et al. Concept of Oushadha Samyoga in Ayurveda ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE Mar-Apr 2021 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Mar - Apr 2021 | Vol. 6 | Issue 2 120 25 Balasubrahamanian et. al. Ghee butter as a Therapeutic delivery system, Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, February 2017 26 Rajagopala S, Ashok BK and Ravishankar B, Immunomodulatory activity of Vachadhatryadi Avaleha in albino rats” AYU 2014 27 Prof.K.R Srikantha Murthy, Ashtanga Hridayam, VOL 2, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan;2009 28 G. Shoba et al., Influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of curcumin in Animals and Human volunteers, Planta Medica, May 1998 29 Dr. Ajay. K. Rout, R.R Dwivedi, A clinical study of Haritaki and Saindhava Lavana in Khapaja Kasa with special reference to Samyoga Guṇa, AYU, 2011 30 G. Shiva Ram, et.al, July Experimental evaluation of yaṣṭimadhu (liquorice) nootropic action”, IJAR 31 Rajalekshmi perumal et al., Phytochemical Levels and Antioxidant Activity of Traditionally Processed Indian Herbal Mixture (Acoruscalamus, Curcuma aromatica and Zingiberofficinale), Tropical Journal of Natural Research Products, July 2017 ******************************* How to cite this article: Dr. Athira P, Dr. Leena P. Nair, Dr. Haroon Irshad. Concept of Oushadha Samyoga in Ayurveda. J Ayurveda Integr Med Sci 2021;2:114-120. Source of Support: Nil, Conflict of Interest: None declared. Copyright © 2021 The Author(s); Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization, Vijayapur (Regd). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Karma, Kashaya, Asava, Dravya, Ayurveda, Ghi, Caraka-samhita, Samyoga, Haritaki, Garbha, Taila, Yashtimadhu, Anupana, Bheshaja, Leha, Alpamatra, Samyogaviruddha, Ayurvedadipika, Therapeutic effect, Natural product, Ayurvedic medicine, Herbal medicine, Kaphaja Kasa, Prakshepaka dravya, Acharya Charaka, Polyherbal formulation, Additive effect, Pharmacological action, Agni Sannikarsha, Toya Sannikarsha, Poly Herbal Formulation, Single drug, Modern Pharmacology, Drug combination, Pharmacist, Ashta Ahara Vidhi, Chemical level, Physical change, Drug synergism, Choorna.