An Ayurvedic review on Hartala (yellow orpiment) : A Dhatuja Visha

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Sharma, Karma, Kaushik, Pandu, Yuvraj]

REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2020 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2020 | Vol. 5 | Issue 4 248 An Ayurvedic review on Hartala (yellow orpiment) : A Dhatuja Visha Dr. Kirti Sharma 1 , Dr. S. R. Inchulkar 2 , Dr. Yuvraj Kaushik 3 1 Post Graduate Scholar, 2 Professor, 3 Lecturer, Department of Agad Tantra Evam Vidhi Vaidyaka, Govt. Ayurved College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, INDIA. I NTRODUCTION Ayurvedic metallic medicines have been traditionally used for thousands of years in India. Presently Drugs & Cosmetic act of India to rule out and control the Ayurvedic medicines. However there is a large number of Ayurvedic formulations containing poisonous substance as an ingredient and these poisonous substances are placed under Schedule-E of Drugs and Cosmetic Rules 1945 [1] As per Ayurved, before use of poisonous drugs Shodhana process is required for preparing the Ayurvedic formulation. It is an Ayurvedic concept that the Shodhana procedures mitigate or eliminate the unwanted toxic effect and Address for correspondence: Dr. Kirti Sharma Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Agad Tantra Evam Vidhi Vaidyaka, Govt. Ayurved College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, INDIA. E-mail: drkirtisharma 9@gmail.com Submission Date: 19/07/2020 Accepted Date: 13/08/2020 Access this article online Quick Response Code Website: www.jaims.in Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization, Vijayapur, Karnataka (Regd) under the license CCby-NC-SA increase the therapeutic importance of Ayurvedic formulation containing poisonous substances. Hartala which is chemically arsenic tri-sulphide, also called yellow orpiment is an Ayurvedic compound is taken as ingredient in many Ayurvedic formulations. Acharya Charaka has told Hartala is a Parthiva Dravya [2] and given references to treat various skin disorders, Hikka, Kasa, Swasa Chikitsa, Kustha Chikitsa, Unmada Chikitsa etc. The references of Hartala are available in Susrutha Samhita, for cleansing wounds as Vrana Sodhana , Pandu Karma , Arsha , for various skin disorders, Granthi , Upadamsa , Visarpa and as a hair remover in different formulations. References are available regarding Dhatuja Visha [3] in Lutadamsa Chikitsa in Kalpasthana, simultaneously in Uttara Tantra , references are available in the subject of worms, eye diseases, skin diseases and several paediatric disorders in the form of oil, powder, and Dhumapana . Acharya Vagbhata mentioned Hartala mainly in Nasa Rogas , Sotha , Vrischika Damsa , for Vidarana action. In Rasashastra , majority of Rasacharyas mentioned Hartala in Uparasa group. In Sharangadhara Samhita it is mentioned in Upadhatu Varga. [4] A B S T R A C T In Ayurveda, usage of ‘ Dhatuja Visha’ is given in different formulations which are having therapeutic significance. Hartala comes under Dhatuja Visha mentioned by Acharya Sushrut It is inorganic irritant poison and has a Lomshatana property. It is known as yellow orpiment or arsenic trisulfide (AS 2 S 3 ) and used as depilatory, coloring pigment and in flypaper. It is an Arsenic compound which is used in several skin diseases in spite of its toxic nature. Hartala or orpiment, a metallic drug, is taken as an ingredient in many Ayurvedic formulations in spite of its direct use, purification is necessary before use and theses formulations are used externally as well as internally in chronic disorders. Here in the article an attempt has been made to collect the Ayurvedic review on Hartala from various Ayurvedic classics. Key words: Hartala, Shodhana, Ayurveda, Dhatuja Visha, Orpiment.

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Narasimha, Shiva]

Dr. Kirti Sharma et al. An Ayurvedic review on Hartala (yellow orpiment) : A Dhatuja Visha ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2020 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2020 | Vol. 5 | Issue 4 249 The present review are organised in various sections based on Ayurvedic view of Hartala M ATERIALS AND M ETHODS The data which is related to Hartala , collected from Ayurvedic literatures and scientific journals Historical Review Vedic period ▪ Mythologically it is said that Hartala is originated from the discharge produced at the end of sexual act of lord Shiva and goddess Parvati. [5] ▪ In Purana it is said that, Lord Narasimha killed Hiranyakashipu . At this time the yellow vomitus of Hiranyakashipu is converted into flakes. This is considered as Hartala. [6] Samhita period ▪ Charaka Samhita has 14 references of Hartala in different places with different aspects. It was used to treat many diseases which are listed below, Table 1: Different references of Hartala in Charaka Samhita . SN References in Charaka Samhita Sthana 1. Grouping under ‘ Parthiva Dravya’ Sutrasthana 1/71 2. External application in various skin diseases Sutrasthana 3/5, 3/12 3. As an ingredient of Dhumapana in Shirovirechana (Aprajitadi Shiroviraichnik Dhuma) Sutrasthana 5/26 4. Use of Hartala in Kanakakshiri Tailam for treating Kustha. Chikitsasthana 7/114 5. As an Anjanartha varti for Unmada Chikitsa Chikitsa sthana 9/66-67 6. Uses of Lepa in Arsha Chikitsa Chikitsasthana 14/56 7. Used as Dhoomavarthi and Manahshiladi Ghrita in Hikka Chikitsasthana 17/77-78, Shwasa Chikitsa 17/145 8. Used as Manahshiladi Dhuma in Kasa Chikitsa Chikitsasthana 18/69-70 18/74-75 9. Used in Mrita sanjeevani agada and Mahagandhhastinam Agada in Visha Chikitsa Chikitsasthana 23/54, 23/78 10. Used in Peetaka Churna for treating Kantha and Mukha Rogas Chikitsasthana 26/196 ▪ Sushruta Samhita mentioned Hartala under Dhatuja Visha . Totally 29 times Hartala is quoted for various points of view as mentioned below, Table 2: Different references of Hartala in Sushrut Samhita . SN References in Sushruta Samhita Sthana 1. Vrana shodhana dravyas as; sanshodhani varti & sanshodhani kalka Sutrasthana 36/14-15 2. Vrana Shodhana Chikitsa Chikitsasthana 1/60 3. Vrana savarnikarana Lepa Chikitsasthana 1/97 4. Lomshatan Lepas Chikitsasthana 1/105, 1/107, 1/108 5. Used as Lepa for Arsha Chikitsasthana 6/12 6. Used as a Kusthahara Lepa Chikitsasthana 9/10 7. Used as a Shvitrahara Lepa Chikitsasthana 9/27 8. Updamshahara Churna Chikitsasthana 19/40 9. Used as an Updamsha & Visarpa Chikitsasthana

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Sara, Rasa, Sudhakar]

Dr. Kirti Sharma et al. An Ayurvedic review on Hartala (yellow orpiment) : A Dhatuja Visha ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2020 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2020 | Vol. 5 | Issue 4 250 Chikitsa 19/46 10. Lepa used for Arunshika Chikitsasthana 20/28 11. Useful in Ahipootna Chikitsa Chikitsasthana 20/59 12. Said as a Dhatuja Visha Kalpasthana 2/5 13. Useful in treating Lutadamsha Chikitsa Kalpasthana 8/112 14. Anjanvarti in Shleshmabhishyand Chikitsa Uttaratantra 11/10 15. Shakuni Pratishedha Chikitsa Uttaratantra 30/6 16. Taila Abhyanga in Poothana Pratishedha Uttaratantra 32/4 17. Taila Abhyanga in Andhapootana Pratisheda Chikitsa Uttaratantra 33/4 18. Useful as Mustadi Varti as Dhoompana in Kasa Chikitsa Uttaratantra 52/23 Sangraha period ▪ Acharya Vagbhatta has explained Hartala on Nasa Roga , Visha Pratishedha etc. as per the actions and uses given by Acharya Charaka and Sushruta Table 3: Different references of Hartala in Ashtanga Hridaya. SN References in Ashtanga Hridaya Sthana 1. Used as an ingredient in the Tikshna Dhoompana Sutrasthana 21/18 2. Used as an ingredient in the Dhoompana in Kaphaja Kasaroga Chikitsasthana 3/68 3. Useful in Arsha Chikitsa as one of the component of Kasisadi Taila Chikitsasthana 8/15 4. Dadrunashaka Churna used in various skin disease Chikitsasthana 19/67 5. Used as Kusthanashaka Lepa Chikitsasthana 19/70 6. Used as Ghran Varti on Puyrakta Chikitsa (Nasa Roga) Uttaratantra 20/24 7. Used it for Kustha, Dushta-vrana, Nadi-vrana, Apachi Uttaratantra 30/22-24 8. Updamshar Churna-Lepa Uttaratantra 34/4 9. Ingredient of Chandroday Agada in Visha Pratisheda Uttaratantra 35/24 10. Vrischika Damsa-Nashak Agad Uttaratantra 37/40 11. Mandar Agada in Luta Damsa Chikitsa Uttaratantra 37/73 The author of Sharangadhara Samhita , Yoga Ratnakara , Bhava Prakasha and Brihad Yoga Tarangini described it in Upadhatu Varga . Rasa-shastra period ▪ Almost all Rasagrantha the literature of Hartala is available in detail, under Uaparasa Varga . Most of the Rasa Shastra texts have described Hartala with its synonyms, properties, indication, contraindication, Shodhana , Marana, Satva Patana etc. ▪ The text of 12 th and 13 th centuries as Rasa Prakasa Sudhakar , Rasendra Sarasamgrah , Rasa Sara , Rasa Chintamani , Rasa Ratnakara have described alchemical and pharmaceutical processes. ▪ 13 th century Raskamdhenu compiled the uses of Hartala and remedies according to diseases. ▪ 20 th centuary texts such Rastarangini, Raschandashu, Rasajalanidhi etc. have described about Hartala .

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Guna, Gold, Raj, Anand, Ratna, Prakash, Kashmir, Mangal, Ala, Tala, Ras]

Dr. Kirti Sharma et al. An Ayurvedic review on Hartala (yellow orpiment) : A Dhatuja Visha ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2020 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2020 | Vol. 5 | Issue 4 251 Table 4: Different references of Hartala in various Rasashastra classics. SN Name of classic Reference available 1. Rasa Ratna Samuchaya [7] 3/70-90 2. Rasa Prakash Sudhakar [8] 6/1-10 3. Brihata Rasa Raj Sundara [9] Hartala prakarana Pg No-143 4. Rasendra Sara Sangraha [10] 1/166 5. Yoga Tarangini [11] 17/85 6. Rasendra Chintamani [12] 7/77 7. Ayurveda Prakasha [13] 2/173 8. Sharangdhara Samhita [14] Madhyama khanda 11/74-75 9. Anand kanda [15] Prathama ullasa- Kriyakarana vishranati 10. Siddha Prayoga Sangraha [16] 6/3 11. Bhaishajya Ratnavali [17] 3 th Chapter 12. Rasendra Mangal [18] 3/70 13. Rasendra Chudamani [19] 11/29 14. Rasarnava [20] 7/74 15. Rasendra Purana [21] 8/3 16. Rasa Tarangini [22] 11/1-103 17. Ras Kamdhenu [23] 2/4/78 18. Rasa Hriday Tantra [24] 9/4 ▪ Text like Kautilya Arthashastra of 4 th Century A.D also described about Hartala. [25] Distribution Generally occures along with Realgar, at hot spring deposits at Arsenic veins. It is available at U.S.A., Peru, Hungary, Yugoslavia. In India, it occurs in very small quantity near Darjeeling and Kashmir and Kuman hills. Hence much of the orpiment is being imported to India [26] Vernacular Names ▪ Sanskrit - Hartala , Tala, Ala. ▪ Hindi - Hartala . ▪ Bengali - Hartala . ▪ Marathi - Hartala . ▪ Gujarati - Hartala . ▪ Arabia - Jarnikha asphara. ▪ Telugu - Haratalamu ▪ English - Yellow orpiment [26] Synonyms ▪ Ala : Ornament for ala. ▪ Chitranga : Having different colours. ▪ Chitrangada : Having different colours. ▪ Girija lalita : Reddish yellow in colour. ▪ Kanaka rasa : Looks like gold. ▪ Kanchanaka : Looks like gold. ▪ Pinjaraka : Looks like cage. ▪ Pinga : Reddish yellow colour. ▪ Pingarasa : It explains its colour i.e reddish yellow. ▪ Romaharana : Removes hair from the root ( Karma vishesha ) . ▪ Shailusha Bhushana : Utpatti in mountain and looks like an ornament on mountains. ▪ Tala : Talameva haritalam. ▪ Vidalak : Used for eye disease ( Guna vishesha )

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Amrit, Ana, Nidhi, Alam]

Dr. Kirti Sharma et al. An Ayurvedic review on Hartala (yellow orpiment) : A Dhatuja Visha ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2020 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2020 | Vol. 5 | Issue 4 252 Table 5: Showing various synonyms of Hartala mentioned in the classics. [27-35] S N Name of the text R RS R T R C RJ N RS S A P R A A K B R Synonyms 1. Haritala + + + + + + + + + 2. Tala - + + + + + + - + 3. Alam - + + - + + + - + 4. Talaka + + + + - + - + - 5. Mallagand hajam - + - + - - - - - 6. Pinjara - + - + + - - - + 7. Peetanaka - + - - - - - - - 8. Shailushu Bhushana - + + - + - - - - 9. Romahara m - - + + + - - - + 1 0. Vidalaka - + - + - - - + - 1 1. Chitragand ha - + - + - - - - - 1 2. Vamshapat ra - + - - - - - - - 1 3. Natabhush ana - + - + - - - - + 1 4. Natamand ana - + - - - - - + - 1 5. Dala - - - - - + - - - 1 6. Malla - - - + + - - - + 1 7. Peetam - - + - + - - + - 1 8. Pinjaka - - + + - - - - - 1 9. Vidalam - - - - - - - - - 2 0. Godantam - - - - - - + + + 2 1. Vangari - - - - - - - - + 2 2. Kharjuram - - - - - - - - - 2 3. Atigandha m - - - - - - - + - 2 4. Girijalalit - - - - - - - + - 2 5. Romanasha ka - - - + - - - - - RRS = Rasa Ratna Samuchchaya , RT = Rasa Tarangini , RC = Rasa Chandhansu , RJN = Rasa Jala Nidhi , RSS = Rasendra Sara Samgrah , AP = Ayurved Prakash , RA = Rasa Amrit , AK = Anand Kand , BR = Bhaisajya Ratnawali. Types According to Rasgranthas 2 types ( Patra Tala and pinda Tala ) and 4 types of Hartala ( Patra , Pinda , Godanti and Vakadala ) are mentioned. Table 6: Showing types of Hartala according to various classics. Rasarnav, Rasa Tarangini, R.R.S. Ayurveda Prakash, Anand Kand, Rasa Chandasu, Rasa Amrit etc Raschikitsa, Rasjalanidhi 1. Patra Tala 1. Patra Hartala

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Shiny, Golden, Long]

Dr. Kirti Sharma et al. An Ayurvedic review on Hartala (yellow orpiment) : A Dhatuja Visha ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2020 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2020 | Vol. 5 | Issue 4 253 2. Pinda Tala 2. Pinda Hartala 3. Godanti Hartala 4. Vakadala Lakshana [36] Table 6: Showing Lakshana of four types of Hartala . 1) Patra Hartala 2) Pinda Hartala 3) Godanti Hartala 4) Vakadala Hartala Thin layers and glazy Having no layers Soft, Heavy Soft generally known as “Cold Hartala ” Golden yellow and shiny Found in lumps and heavy. Appears like cow’s teeth heavy in nature Heavy and scaly form It can stop the discharge of menses. Yellow with blue stripes at the center having layers Best for medicinal preparation It is said to be inferior for medicinal preparations. Found in the form of long bars cure Leucoderma and Leprosy. Soothing and soft Has a very little essence. Toxicity of Ashuddha Hartala Ashuddha Hartala increases Vata and Kapha Dosha leads to disease like Prameha, Santap , cracks on skin, Jwara , and constriction of blood vessels and lastly leads to death. As it is considered as an arsenic compound that is having poisonous properties, hence always it should be used after Shodhana. [37] Antidote Jeeraka with equal quantity of sharkara in the Kushmanda Swarasa for 3 times a day or it can be continued until the Ashuddha Haratala Lakshana diminishes [38] Shodhana Small pieces of Hartala bundled in tied Pottali . This Pottali is placed in Dolayantra containing any of the Dravya mentioned in the following table or mixing with all. It is subjected to Agni for 3 hrs. Care should be taken that the Pottali should not touch the bottom of the Yantra . After 3 hrs the Pottali is removed. Then it is washed with hot water. Some author explains that after Swedana procedure, Mardana is done with water until it attains Nischandrika and then allows it to dry. This Shodhita Hartala is used for medicinal purpose. Table 7: Showing Shodhana of Hartala by giving Bhavna Dravya and Swedan in Dolayantra mentioned in various classsics. SN References Dravya Procedure Time 1. Rasa Ratna Samucchaya Kushmanda Swarasa or Tila Kshara or Churnodaka . Swedan in Dolayantra . 3 hrs. 2. Rasendra Sambhava . Churnodaka and Kanji or Triphala Kwatha or Dugdha or Vata Dughdha . Swedan in Dolayantra 3 hrs. 3. Rasa Chikitsa Churnajala . Bhavana or Swedana 1 day. 4. Rasa Jala Nidhi Churnodaka. Kushmanda Swarasa or Tila Kshara or Churnodaka or Tankan , lime juice, Bhavana Swedan in Dolayantra 7 days. 3 hrs.

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Pti, Guru]

Dr. Kirti Sharma et al. An Ayurvedic review on Hartala (yellow orpiment) : A Dhatuja Visha ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2020 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2020 | Vol. 5 | Issue 4 254 Kanji. 5. Rasamrit & Ayurveda Prakash . Churnodaka & Kushmanda Swarasa Tila Taila & Triphala Kwath . Swedan in each for 1 Yama . 6. Rasarnava. Kushmanda Swarasa . Swedan 100 times. 7. Ras Tarangini Shalmali mool swaras or nimbu swasras or kushmand or tilkshara jala. Swedan and Bhavana 3 hrs 7 times Here, it is seen that Shodhana process for Hartala as mentioned various classics of Rasa Shastra , Churnodak and Kushmanda Swarasa stands first which has been described by the maximum classics. Triphala Jala , Tilaksara Jala and Kanji are also used for Shodhana process. Pharmacological properties [39] Rasa Katu Guna Snigdha, Ushna Veerya Ushna Vipaka Katu Doshaghnata Kapha - Vata Shamaka Karma Sleshmarogahara, Raktadoshahara, Deepana, Twachya, Rasayana. Rogaghnata - Kushta, Streepushpa Nashaka, Jwara, Krimi, Vatarakta, Rakta Dushti, Vishanashak, Kandu Hara, Visarpa, Dadru, Pama, Prameha, Kaphapittaj Roga . Matra - 1/8 to 1 Ratti (15 mg to 30 mg) Table 8: Showing Pharmacological properties of Hartala mentioned in various classics. S N Properties RR S R C RP S RS S R T RJ N A P R A 1. Katu + + + + - + + - 2. Kashaya - - + + - - + - 3. Tikta - - - - - - - - 4. Snigdha + + - + + + + - 5. Ushna + + + - - + + - 6. Guru - - - - - - - - 7. Angadeepti (Varnadee pti) - + - - + + - - 8. Vishaharan a + + + - - - + - 9. Deepnam + + + - - - - - RRS = Rasa Ratna Samuchchaya , RC = Rasa Chandhansu , RPS = Rasa Prakash Sudhakar , RSS = Rasendra Sara Samgrah , RT = Rasa Tarangini , RJN = Rasa Jala Nidhi , AP = Ayurved Prakash , RA = Rasa Amrit Table 9: Showing the therapeutic indication of Shodhit Hartala according to various classics. S N Indication RR S R C RP S RS S R T A P R A 1. Kushtha + + + + + + + 2. Vatarakta - + - - + - - 3. Kandu - - - - - + -

Dr. Kirti Sharma et al. An Ayurvedic review on Hartala (yellow orpiment) : A Dhatuja Visha ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2020 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2020 | Vol. 5 | Issue 4 255 4. Visarpa - - - - + - - 5. Vicharchika - - - - + - - 6. Phiranga - + - - + - - 7. Vishama Jwara + - - + + - - 8. Bhagandhar a - - - - + - - RRS = Rasa Ratna Samuchchaya, RC = Rasa Chandhansu, RPS = Rasa Prakash Sudhakar, RSS = Rasendra Sara Samgrah, RT = Rasa Tarangini, AP = Ayurveda Prakash, RA = Rasamrit Artificially prepared Hartala Artificial preparation of Hartala in Rasa Shastra is given in Rasatarangini as follows: Powders of (49) parts of purified Arsenic Oxide ( Somal ) and (24) parts of purified Sulphur ( Gandhak ) are to be mixed in a mortar and kept in “ Damaru Yantra ” with mild heat given to it. The time limit and the range of temperature are not described in this regard so, when it gets self-cooled this Yantra should be put off carefully from the fire and Hartala which is adhered to the upper surface of the Yantra is to be collected. This Hartala thus prepared doesn’t re quire any further purificatory processes [40] Formulations [41] ▪ Kasturibhairav Rasa ▪ Krimikastanal Ras ▪ Gulmakalanal Rasa ▪ Chandkeshwar Rasa ▪ Talak Bhasm ▪ Talkeshwar Ras ▪ Talsindur ▪ Nityananda Ras ▪ Bhutankusa Rasa ▪ Manthana Bhairav Rasa ▪ Raktapittantak Rasa ▪ Rasmanikya ▪ Rasendragutika (Brihad) ▪ Vatagajankush Rasa ▪ Vataraktank Rasa ▪ Vidhyadhar Rasa ▪ Sannipatbhairav Rasa ▪ Sameerpannag Rasa ▪ Sarveswari Rasa. DISCUSSION Since ancient physicians Acharya Sushrut said that Hartala is Dhatuja Visha i.e. metal poison; therefore it is subjected to Shodhana process to make it least toxic and suitable for better human consumption. There have been several substances such as juice of Benincasa hispida fruit, Churnodak etc. which are used for detoxification of Hartala . It (Orpiment) is the sulphides of Arsenic having Ushna Virya (hot potency) drugs, Kapha-Vata Shamak and Raktadoshhara, So Hartala and its formulation are used in various diseases externally as well as internally such as Kustha , Phiranga , Visham Jwara etc. CONCLUSION Hartala is Romnashanam which mean it is having hair removal property. It is known as yellow orpiment or arsenic trisulfide (AS 2 S 3 ) and used as depilatory, coloring pigment etc Hartala (As 2 S 3 ) is though a poisonous drug and its Shodhana is mentioned in all the Rasashastra classics. Ayurveda has unique concept of using many types Visha for treating in several varieties of diseases and Shodhana of poisonous drugs are necessary. This review article aims to understand the Ayurvedic aspect of Hartala . REFERENCES 1 Drug and cosmetic rules 1945, schedule E. 2 Charaka, Charaka Samhita, vidyotani hindi commentary, by Pt Kashinath Shastri, Chowkambha orientalia Varanasi, Reprint edition 2013; volume 1, sutra sthan 1/71, pg no-42.

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Dr. Kirti Sharma et al. An Ayurvedic review on Hartala (yellow orpiment) : A Dhatuja Visha ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2020 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2020 | Vol. 5 | Issue 4 256 3 Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita by Ambika Dutta Shastri, Chukhambha Sanskrit sansthan Varanasi, kalpa sthan adhyaya-2, p-21,edition- 2010. 4 Sharangdhara, Sharangdhara Samhita by Dr Shailja Srivastava, Chowkambha orientalia Varanasi, Reprint edition 2011, Sharng.madhyam khand 11/53, pg no-266 5 Ocean of Ayurvedic pharmaceutics, by Dr K. Rama Chandra Reddy, Chowkambha Sanskrit bhavan, Varanasi, edition 2007, pg no-223. 6 Brihad Rasa Raja Sundara: hindi translation by Pandit Dattaram Choube, 3 rd edition, Varanasi, Chowkambha Orientalia, 2000; pg no - 143. 7 Vagbhata, Rasa Ratna Samucchaya, hindi commentary by Ambikadatta Shastri, Reprint edition 2015,Choukhambha amarbharti Varanasi,, chapter 3/70-90, pg no -76. 8 Yashodara, Rasa Prakasha Sudhakara, Siddhiprada hindi commentary by Siddhinandan Mishra, edition 2013, Varanasi, Chowkambha Orientaila, chapter 6/1-10, pg no- 114-115. 9 Brihad Rasa Raja Sundara: hindi translation by Pandit Dattaram Choube, 3 rd edition, Varanasi, Chowkambha Orientalia, 2000; pg no - 143-154. 10 Shri Gopala Krishna, Rasendra Sara Samgraha, with Rasachandrika Hindi commentary by Pandit Prayagadatta Joshi, Vimarsha by Pt. Girijadayalu Sukla Shastri, published by Chaukhambha Sanskrit Series Office Varanasi, 5 th edition 1967, first chapter, p-46. 11 Shri Trimalla Bhatta virachit, Yoga Tarangini, by Shri Krishn das, Saptdash tarang 17/85. 12 Acharya Dhundhuknath virachit, Rasendra Chintamani, by Prof. Siddhinandan Mishra, edition 2000, Varanasi, Chowkambha Orientaila, Vishoprasadhan chapter 7/77, pg no- 99-100. 13 Shri Madhava, Ayurveda Prakasha : Arthavidhyotini and Arthaprakashini Sanskrit and hindi commentaries by Shri Gulrajasharma Mishra, first edition, Varanasi: Chwokambha Vishva Bharati; chapter 2/173-212, pg no- 303-312. 14 Sharangdhar Samhita by Dr. Shailja Srivastava, Chowkambha Orientalia Varanasi, Reprint edition 2011, Sharng.madhyam khand 11/74-75, pg no-270. 15 Anandakanda: Siddhiprada hindi commentary by Siddhinandan Mishra, 1 st edition, Varanasi, Chowkambha Orientaila, 2008; kriyakaran naam dwitiya vshranti, pg no-647 – 650. 16 Siddha prayog Samgrah, Krishna Gopal Ayurved bhavan Ajmer, Rajasthan, edition 2012, volume-1, Dravya Shodhana Prakaran, Hartala Shodhana pg no-29 and 103. 17 Kaviraj Govind Das Sen ‘Bhaishajya Ratnavali’, by Prof. Siddhi Nandan Mishra, ‘siddhi prada’ hindi commentary, Chaukhamba surbharti prakashan Varanasi, edition-2012, Shodhan-maran gunadi prakaran , Chapter 3, page no-42-43. 18 Nagarjuna, Rasendra Mangala: Aihore hindi commentary and English translation by Kaviraja H.S.Sharma, Reprint Edition, Varanasi, Chowkambha Orientalia; 2014 first part, chapter 3/2, pg no -49. 19 Somadeva, Rasendra Chudamani: hindi commentary by pandit Rameshwar Dayal Vajpeyi, edition 2004, Krishndas Academy, Varanasi; chapter 11/29-30, pg no- 137-138. 20 Rasarnava Nama Rasatantram: Rasachandrika hindi commentary by Dr. Indradeo Tripathi, 2 nd edition, Varanasi, Chowkambha Sanskrit Series Office; 2001, saptam patal,shlok no 74-78, pg no-98. 21 Pt. Ramprasad krit Rasendra Puran, Bhasha Tikasahit, by Gangavishnu, Shri Krishndasne, edition 1983, Kalyan Mumbai, chapter 8, pg no- 190-218. 22 Sharma Sadanand, Rasa Tarangini : Rasa Vijnyan hindi commentary by Kashinath Shastri, reprint edition, New delhi, Motilal Banarasidas, 1979; ekadash tarang , pg no – 244-260. 23 Ras Kamdhenu, by Shri Gulraj Sharma Mishra, Vaidya Santosh kumar Sharma, Chowkambha Orientalia; 2014, purvardh, shoolnidan chikitsadhikar 2/4/78, pg no -308. 24 Govinda Bhagavat Pada, Rasa Hridaya Tantra 5/19-21: Mugdhav Abodhini Commentary by Caturbhuja Mishra, hindi translation by Daulatrama Rasashastri, 3 rd edition, Varanasi, Chowkambha Publishers; 2005, Pp-257,p- 82-83, 127. 25 Koutilya, Arthashastra: hindi translation by Dr. Raghunath sing, Reprint Edition 1998, Krishndas academy Varanasi; Aupnishadikam chaturdashadhikaran saptasaptatishatam prakaran 14:1:11, pg no- 165. 26 Ocean of Ayurvedic pharmaceutics, by Dr K. Rama Chandra Reddy, Chowkambha Sanskrit bhavan, Varanasi, edition 2007, pg no-223. 27 Vagbhata, Rasa Ratna Samucchaya, hindi commentary by Ambikadatta Shastri, Reprint edition 2015,Choukhambha amarbharti Varanasi,, chapter 3/70-90, pg no -76. 28 Sharma Sadanand, Rasa Tarangini: Prasadini Samskrita Commentary and Rasa Vijnana Hindi Commentary, by Haridatt Shastri and Kashinath Shastri, reprint edition, New Delhi, Motilal Banarsidas; 1979, ekadash tarang, pg no – 244- 260. 29 Raschandanshu (Rasratna samgrah), Guru Gorakshnath samprday, by prof. Gyanendra Pandey, edition 2010, Krishndas Academy, Varanasi ; chapter 2/229-253, pg no- 41- 45.

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Dr. Kirti Sharma et al. An Ayurvedic review on Hartala (yellow orpiment) : A Dhatuja Visha ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2020 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2020 | Vol. 5 | Issue 4 257 30 Bhoodeb Mookerjee, Rasa Jala Nidhi published by Chowkambha Orientalia; 2004, 4 th edition, New Delhi, Part-2, chapter-2, pg no -155-195. 31 Shri Gopala Krishna, Rasendra Sara Samgraha, with Rasachandrika Hindi commentary by Pandit Prayagadatta Joshi, Vimarsha by Pt.Girijadayalu Sukla Shastri, published by Chaukhambha Sanskrit Series Office Varanasi, 5 th edition 1967, first chapter, p-46. 32 Shri Madhava, Ayurveda Prakasha : Arthavidhyotini and arthaprakashini sanskrit and hindi commentaries by shri Gulrajasharma Mishra, first edition, Varanasi: Chwokambha Vishva Bharati; chapter 2/173-212, pg no- 303-312. 33 Yadavji Trikramji Acharya, Rasamritam: English translation by Chandrabhushan Jha, reprint edition, , Chowkambha Surbharati Publications Varanasi, 2008; chapter 4/4-7, p – 72- 73. 34 Anandakanda: Siddhiprada hindi commentary by Siddhinandan Mishra, 1 st edition, Varanasi, Chowkambha Orientaila, 2008; Kriyakaran Naam Dwitiya Vshranti, pg no- 647 – 650. 35 Ka viraj Govind Das Sen ‘Bhaishajya Ratnavali’, by Prof. Siddhi Nandan Mishra, ‘siddhi prada’ hindi commentary, Chaukhamba Surbharti Prakashan, Varanasi, edition-2012, Shodhan-maran gunadi prakaran , Chapter 3, page no-42-43. 36 Brihad Rasa Raja Sundara: hindi translation by Pandit Dattaram Choube, 3 rd edition, Varanasi, Chowkambha Orientalia, 2000; pg no - 144. 37 Vagbhata, Rasa Ratna Samucchaya, hindi commentary by Ambikadatta Shastri, Reprint edition 2015,Choukhambha Amarbharti, Varanasi,, chapter 3/75, pg no -76. 38 Sharma Sadanand, Rasa Tarangini: Prasadini Samskrita Commentary and Rasa Vijnana Hindi Commentary, by Haridatt Shastri and Kashinath Shastri, reprint edition, New Delhi, Motilal Banarsidas; 1979, ekadash tarang, pg no – 244- 260. 39 Ocean of Ayurvedic pharmaceutics, by Dr K. Rama Chandra Reddy, Chowkambha Sanskrit bhavan, Varanasi, edition 2007, pg no-223. 40 Sharma Sadanand, Rasa Tarangini: Prasadini Samskrita Commentary and Rasa Vijnana Hindi Commentary, by Haridatt Shastri and Kashinath Shastri, reprint edition, New Delhi, Motilal Banarsidas; 1979, ekadash tarang, pg no – 244- 260. 41 Ocean of Ayurvedic pharmaceutics, by Dr K. Rama Chandra Reddy, Chowkambha Sanskrit bhavan, Varanasi, edition 2007, pg no-223. ******************************* How to cite this article: Dr. Kirti Sharma, Dr. S. R. Inchulkar, Dr. Yuvraj Kaushik. An Ayurvedic review on Hartala (yellow orpiment) : A Dhatuja Visha. J Ayurveda Integr Med Sci 2020;4:248-257. Source of Support: Nil, Conflict of Interest: None declared. Copyright © 2020 The Author(s); Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization, Vijayapur (Regd). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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