Analytical study of Salsaradi Gana Bhawit (three times) Shilajatu

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE July-Aug 2020 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2020 | Vol. 5 | Issue 4 82 Analytical study of Salsaradi Gana Bhawit (three times) Shilajatu Munna Kumar 1 , Ajay Kumar Singh 2 , Uma Shankar Chaturvedi 3 , Mukesh Kumar 4 1 Assistant Professor, 2 Professor & Head, 3 Sr. Lecturer, Dept. of Kaya Chikitsa, 4 Associate Professor, Dept. of Shalakya Tantra, Govt. Ayurveda College, Patna, Bihar, INDIA. I NTRODUCTION Now a day we are running in commercial era, due to huge population and demand the adulteration is done and short cuts are adopted at preparation level by commercial producer. So it is must to standardize our drug on Physico-chemical parameter. The unavailability of genuine raw material and presence of basic sub standard material is also there. It make most essential to use some physico-chemical parameter to evaluate drugs and also to meet challenges of disease as well as by workers of modern science also Address for correspondence: Dr. Munna Kumar Assistant Professor, Dept. of Kaya Chikitsa, Govt. Ayurveda College, Patna, Bihar, INDIA. E-mail: drmunnakr 1@gmail.com Submission Date: 23/07/2020 Accepted Date: 25/08/2020 Access this article online Quick Response Code Website: www.jaims.in DOI: 10.21760/jaims.5.4.14 regarding its action. The drugs which are manufactured should be well understood and interpreted in the light of modern chemistry to provide proper scientific background. Bhawana is an important process mentioned in Ayurveda which should be carried out before using in number of products [1] Various drugs have been prescribed for Bhawana of different materials. Shilajatu is considered one of the important medicines of Ayurveda [2] It is Neither a plant or animal substance, it is a mineral pitch that oozes from the rocks of the Himalayas, as they become warm in the summer months. For Shilajeet to increase potency and safety Bhawana has been prescribed and different drugs are available for it, In present study Shilajit Shodhana by Triphala Kwatha and Bhawana by using decoction of Salsaradi Gana [3] sample was taken, the present study is the Physicochemical parameter evaluation of Shudhha Shilajeet , three times Bhawit with Salsaradi Gana sample. The samples were analyzed at Laboratory of Govt. Ayurveda College & Hospital, Patna. A B S T R A C T Ayurveda the science of life gives importance to the balance between nature and human relationship; and Rasashastra, one of its associate wings can be considered to hold a key role since it deals in almost all the substances created by nature and marshals then for alleviating the diseases. The therapeutic efficacy of drugs depends upon the genuineness of raw material and right. Shilajeet is an important herbomineral drug among the Maharasa . Describing its importance Charaka has said, “there is hardly any curable disease which cannot be alleviated or cured with the aid of Shilajeet. Aim of study is to evaluate the Physico-chemical parameterof Salsaradi Gana Bhawit Shilajatu . Shilajatu and all raw drugs were obtained from P.G. Department, G.A.C.H. Patna and Shilajeet Shodhana was done by Triphala Kwatha and three times Bhawana by Salsaradigana ( Dravyas ) Kwatha . All samples were analyzed at Laboratory of Govt. Ayurveda College & Hospital Patna. It found that Shilajatu after Bhawana appeared as semi solid colour brownish black, soft in consistency and having typical smell. Key words: Shilajatu, Triphala, Salsaradi Gana, Analytical Study.

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Munna Kumar et al. Analytical study of Salsaradi Gana Bhawit (three times) Shilajatu ISSN: 2456-3110 ORIGINAL ARTICLE July-Aug 2020 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2020 | Vol. 5 | Issue 4 83 M ATERIALS AND M ETHODS ▪ Organoleptic Characters : In this appearance, colour, touch, smell was observed ▪ Physico-chemical parameters : of Salsaradigana Bhawit (three times) Shilajatu Samples were analyzed for different parameters like uniformity of weight, disintegration time; lose on drying, ash value, acid insoluble ash, Water soluble extractive. 1. Uniformity of weight of Capsules Air Condition, Capsule Filling & Chemical Balance Empty Capsules were filled with Salsaradi Gana Bhavit (Three times) Shilajeet. Shilajeet in each capsule was 500 mg. 20 capsules selected at random, were weighed individually as well as together in a precision balance and average weight was determined. The highest and lowest weight of the capsules was noted. The variation in the weight of capsules in percentage was calculated from the average weight of the capsules. 2. Disintegration time The disintegration time of the capsules was determined in a disintegration test apparatus by employing the procedure mentioned in I.P. The time required to disintegration of the capsules was noted. For the other tests number of capsules were opened to use for the study. 1. Determination of pH 10 gm sample was taken, to it 100 ml distilled water was added, extracted for 2 hours with occasional shaking and filtered. The pH of the filtrate was noted in a ‘pH meter’. 2. Loss on drying This test was conducted to find out the moisture content of the drug. The loss on drying of the sample was determined by using the following method; Procedure: About 1 g of the sample, accurately weighed, was taken in a previously dried and weighed Petridis and it was dried in an oven at 105° C till (20 minutes) constant weight. Then the Petridis was taken out and weighed after self-cooling. The loss on weight after drying was determined and from the weight loss the percentage of loss on drying was calculated and expressed as % w/w. 3. Determination of Ash value The ash value was determined by taking about 1 gm accurately weighed, sample in a crucible and subjecting it to incineration at 450° C in a muffle furnace, until (for half an hour) it was freed from carbon. Later it was cooled and weighed. From the weight of residue the percentage of ash was calculated and expressed as % w/w. 4. Determination of acid insoluble ash The ash obtained from above experiment was boiled with 25 ml of 6 NHCl for five minutes, and the solution was filtered through ash less Watman filter paper number 41. It was washed with hot water, ignited and weighed. From the weight of the ash obtained, the percentage of acid insoluble ash was calculated. 5. Determination of water soluble extractive About 5 gm, accurately weighed, sample was extracted with 100 ml water by keeping it for about 20 hours and filtered. From the filtrate 20 ml is transferred to a previously weighed evaporating dish, evaporated to dryness on a water bath and dried completely by heating in an oven till constant weight. The percentage of water soluble extractive was calculated from the weight of the residue obtained and expressed in terms of % w/w. R ESULTS AND DISCUSSION As mentioned in the materials and methods section, Sample under study was analyzed chemically by employing various parameters and the results of the study are beingpresented in this section. A) Organoleptic Characters : The observations found is shown in the table below; Table 1: Organoleptic Characters of Raw Shilajatu and Shilajatu after Bhawana Test Raw Shilajatu Shilajatu after Bhawana Appearance Stony Semi solid

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Munna Kumar et al. Analytical study of Salsaradi Gana Bhawit (three times) Shilajatu ISSN: 2456-3110 ORIGINAL ARTICLE July-Aug 2020 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2020 | Vol. 5 | Issue 4 84 Colour Brownish Brownish Black Touch Hard Soft Smell Gomutra Typical B) Physico-chemical parameters of Bhawit Shilajatu Table 2: Bhavana data of weight variation & disintegration time of Shilajeet capsules Parameter Value Wt. of 20 capsules 10.78 gm Average weight 0.532 gm Highest weight 0.589 gm Lowest weight 0.466 gm Disintegration time in N.S 38 min Disintegration time in N/10 HCL 26 min Microbial contamination Not Found In this Average weight, highest weight, lowest weight and Disintegration time was observed 0.532 gm, 0.589 gm, 0.466 gm, and 38 min & 26 min. respectively. Microbial contamination not found in sample. Table 3: Analytical data of Salsaradi Gana Bhavita Shilajeet sample Parameter Value pH 6.5 Loss on Drying, %w/w 12 Ash value, % w/w 6 Acid insoluble ash , % w/w trace amount of Water Soluble extractive,% w/w 94.8 pH of Salsaradi Gana Bhavita Shilajeet sample was 6.5, Loss on Drying, Ash value, and Water soluble extractive (% w/w) Value were, 12, 6, Trace and 94.8, respectively. DISCUSSION Shilajit (Latin: Asphaltum punjabium ) is a thick sticky tar-like substance with a colour ranging from white to dark brown (the latter is more common), which exudes from the rocks of mountains predominantly from Himalaya [4] Shilajit is composed many Humins mainly of fulvic acid, that account for around 60% to 80% of the total nutraceutical compound [5] Shilajatu after Bhawana become semi solid, brownish black in colure, soft in consistency and having typical smell. pH of Bhavit Shilajatu sample was 6.5. it is observed that after basic nature increase in sample. Humins are not soluble in water under any pH condition. Humic acid is soluble in water under alkaline conditions. Fulvic acid is soluble in water under different pH conditions, and because of its low molecular weight it is well absorbed in the intestinal tract and eliminated within hours from the body [6] Loss on drying was performed to find out the moisture content of the samples valuewas 12 w/w. Ash values are helpful to determine the quality as well as purity of a crude drug, especially when the drug is present in powdered form it determine the minerals content of drug [7] Ash value is useful in determining authenticity and purity of sample and also these values are important qualitative standards, Subtract the weight of insoluble matter from the weight of the ash; the difference in weight represents the watersoluble ash, [8] Shilajatu is water soluble in nature. CONCLUSION Shilajit is a potent and very safe medicine, potentially able to prevent several diseases . In the present study the sample were analyzed for different parameters of organoleptic characters like Appearance, Colour, Touch, Smell and Physiochemical parameters like uniformity of weight, Disintegration time, PH, Loss on Drying, ash value, acid insoluble ash, water extractive values. In many studies it is found that Bhavana increase the palatability, absorption and potency of drug. Physico-chemical parameter of drug help to find the safetyand shelf life of drug. REFERENCES 1 Sharma, Rohit, and P. K. P rajapati. "Liquid media’s in Bhavana Samskara: A pharmaceutico-therapeutic prospect." J Phytopharm 4 (2015): 49-57.

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Munna Kumar et al. Analytical study of Salsaradi Gana Bhawit (three times) Shilajatu ISSN: 2456-3110 ORIGINAL ARTICLE July-Aug 2020 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2020 | Vol. 5 | Issue 4 85 2 Bhava prakash of Sri Bhavamisra Edited Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, part II Chaukambha Publications, Edition 2011. Bhava prakash of Sri Bhavamisra Edited Vidyotini Hindi Commentary,part II Chaukambha Publications, Edition 2011. 3 Anantaram Sharma, editor Susruta. Susurta Samhita, Chikista Sthana. 13/10, Susrutvimarshni Hindi commentary, Subharati Prakashana, Varanasi 2004.p.356 4 Carrasco-Gallardo C, Guzmán L, Maccioni RB. Shilajit: a natural phytocomplex with potential procognitive activity. Int J Alzheimers Dis. 2012;2012:674142. doi:10.1155/2012/674142 5 Khanna R, Witt M, Khalid Anwer M, Agarwal SP, Koch BP. Spectroscopic characterization of fulvic acids extracted from the rock exudate shilajit . Organic Geochemistry. 2008;39(12):1719 – 1724. 6 M. S. Islam K, Schumacher A, M. Gropp J. Humic acid substances in animal agriculture. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 2005;4:126 – 134 7 Kadam, Vasantrao. (2011). Determination of Ash Values of Some Medicinal Plants of Genus Sesbania of Marathwada Region in Maharashtra. International Journal of Drug Discovery and Herbal Research (IJDDHR). 1. 193-195. 8 Kadam, Vasantrao. (2013). Determination of water soluble Ash values of some Medicinal Plants of Genus Sesbania. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research. 1. 1-4. ******************************* How to cite this article: Munna Kumar, Ajay Kumar Singh, Uma Shankar Chaturvedi, Mukesh Kumar. Analytical study of Salsaradi Gana Bhawit (three times) Shilajatu. J Ayurveda Integr Med Sci 2020;4:82-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.5.4.14 Source of Support: Nil, Conflict of Interest: None declared. Copyright © 2020 The Author(s); Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization, Vijayapur (Regd). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Maharasa, Shilajatu, Gomutra, Analytical study, Shelf life, Loss on drying, Ash value, Physico-chemical parameters, Fulvic acid, Triphala kwatha, Ayurveda College, Acid insoluble ash, Organoleptic character, Disintegration time, Raw material, Water soluble extractive, Humic acid, PH meter, Bhawana, Salsaradi Gana, Physico-chemical parameter.