Nasya Karma and its type - A Review

ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE Mar-Apr 2019 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Mar - Apr 2019 | Vol. 4 | Issue 2 109 Nasya Karma and its type - A Review Dr. Ankush Bhardwaj Associate Professor, Department of Shalakya Tantra, Jammu Institute of Ayurveda and Research, Jammu, INDIA. I NTRODUCTION The word Nasya is derived from ‘ Nasa’ Dhatu which indicates nose or things beneficial to nose [1] Nasya as a procedure is used in different branches of Ayurveda but mainly seen in Panchakarma and Shalakya Tantra practices. Administration of drugs through nasal route is called as Nasya , which are in the form of Kwatha, Swarasa, Kalka, Sneha etc. Nasya is considered as the best procedure because Nasa (nose) is considered as a direct gateway of Shira. It is used in the treatment of Urdhwajatrugata Roga largely. All the disorders pertaining to eyes, ears, nose, or head i.e. regions above the clavicle are considered as Urdhwajatrugata Roga . Many diverse conditions like Ardita , Pakshaghata, Shirasoola and Dustapratishyaya are effectively treated with Nasya Karma . Different types of Nasya Karma are described in Ayurveda and in Address for correspondence: Dr. Ankush Bhardwaj Associate Professor, Department of Shalakya Tantra, Jammu Institute of Ayurveda and Research, Jammu, INDIA. E-mail: ankush.bhardwaj 84@gmail.com Submission Date: 11/03/2019 Accepted Date: 19/04/2019 Access this article online Quick Response Code Website: www.jaims.in DOI: 10.21760/jaims.4.2.21 different contexts. As per the Acharyas, Shira is considered as the master of all Indriyas. Tarpak Kapha resides in Shira . The medications administered via nasal route reaches the head, nourishes the Kapha and act on the Shringatak Marma [2] - a vital point situated in head and expels the Doshas from the head. Shringatak Marma is the point of anastomosis of four Siras in connection with eyes, ears, nose and tongue. Acharya Indu has described the Sthana of Shringatak Marma as Shiraso Antarmadhya Murdha. A IMS AND O BJECTIVES To study about the detailed concept of Nasya Karma and its importance mentioned in classical text of Ayurveda. M ETHODOLOGY Classical text of Ayurveda having references regarding Nasya , Modern literature, published articles in peerreviewed journals, published books and subjectrelated material available online have been screened, compiled, organized and described in a systematic manner. Regarding published research works, studies conducted with reference to Nasya Karma and in different diseases were considered for this study. Importance of Nasya Karma Instillation of medications through nasal route into the region of head is known as Nasya . It is the best method to eliminate and alleviate the vitiated Doshas A B S T R A C T Shalakya Tantra is one of the branches among Ashtanga Ayurveda dealing with Urdhwajatrugata Roga . Nasya Karma is one of the important therapeutic modality for Urdhwajatrugata Roga . It is the process of administering the medicated oils or Dravyas through nasal route. Urdhwajatrugata Roga is caused by poor and sedentary lifestyle, such as lack of physical activity, chronic stress due to stressful work culture, smoking, overuse of alcohol and imbalanced diet. Many diverse conditions like Ardita , Pakshaghata, Shirasoola and Dustapratishyaya are effectively treated with Nasya Karma. Key words: Nasya, Nasa, Navana, Urdhwajatrugata Roga.

Dr. Ankush Bhardwaj. Nasya Karma and its type - A Review ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE Mar-Apr 2019 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Mar - Apr 2019 | Vol. 4 | Issue 2 110 of Urdhvanga . It is the only procedure that nourishes the Indriyas directly. Medicines administered through nasal route absorbs directly through blood vessels thereby, bypasses the digestion mechanism and act quickly. Age mentioned for performing Nasya Karma by Acharya Sharangdhara is 7 years to 80 years [3] Table 1: Classification of Nasya Karma. SN Classification Number 1. Rechana, Snehana [4] 2 2. Brumhana, Karshana [5] 2 3. Sangyaprabodaka, Stambhana [6] 2 4. Prayogika, Snaihika [7] 2 5. Rechana, Tarpana, Shamana [8] 3 6. Virechana, Brumhana, Shamana [9] 3 7. Shirovirechana, Pradhamana, Avapeeda, Pratimarsha [10] 4 8. Navana, Avapeedana, Dhmapana, Dhuma, Pratimarsha [11] 5 9. Phala, Patra, Moola, Pushpa, Niryasa, Twak [12] 6 Nasya Karma 1. Pradhamana Nasya In Pradhamana Nasya , fine Churna form of drug is administered into the nostrils of the patient with the help of special Nadiyantra in the head-low position in a patients suffering from Dushta Pratishyaya . It is also called as Dhamapana. Acharya Sushruta has named it as Pradhamana Nasya . It is a form of Shodhana Nasya . Drugs used for Pradhamana Nasya are Saindhava, Pippali, Maricha, Vidanga , etc. which are Tikshna in nature. Indications - Shiro Roga (Disease of the head), Nasa Roga (Disease of the nose), Akshi Roga (Disease of Eye) 2. Pratimarsha Nasya Pratimarsha Nasya is the milder form of Nasya where medicine in the dose of two Bindus is installed into each nostril with the help of a Gokarna or dropper. The drugs can be used for Pratimarsha Nasya like Anu Taila etc. It can be done by patient at home itself. It does not have much Vyapads and is easy even for the patient to do easily. Indications - Bala, Vridhdha Bhiru Sukumara, Kshata, Kshama Trishna Pidita, Valita, Palita and Mukhashosha. 3. Navana Nasya Method: Administration of Sneha Dravya in each nostril is considered as Navana Nasya . It is of two main types, a) Snehana Nasya b) Shodhana Nasya [12] Snehana Nasya - It is indicated in Vatika Shirahshula, Keshapata, Dantapata, Shmashrupata, Karnashoola (otalgia), Timira, Nasaroga, Mukhashosha, Avabahuka, Akalaja Valita, Akalaja Palita, Darunaprabodha and Vatapittaja Mukharoga Shodhana Nasya - Sushruta’s Shirovirechana type is included in Shodhana type of Navana Nasya . It eliminates the vitiated Doshas . It is indicated in Kaphapurna Talu & Shira, Aruchi, Shirogaurava, Shula, Pinasa, Ardhavabhedaka, Krimi, Pratishyaya, Apasmara, Gandhagyananasha and Urdhvajatrugata Kapharogas. 4. Avapida Nasya Administration of Avapida Swaras as the nasal medication via the nasal route. Avapida Swaras is the extracted juice of leaves or paste ( Kalka ) of required medicine [16] Kalka of Tikshna and Stambhana Dravyas have been mentioned as Avapida Nasya for Shodhana and Stambhana purpose. Indications - Manasaroga, Moha, Krodha, Bhiru, Sukumara, Chitta, vyakulavastha, Bhaya Krisharogi, Murchha, Sanyasa, Apasmara, Shirovedana, Mada,

Dr. Ankush Bhardwaj. Nasya Karma and its type - A Review ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE Mar-Apr 2019 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Mar - Apr 2019 | Vol. 4 | Issue 2 111 Raktapitta, Vishabhighata, Apatantrka, Galaroga, Vishamajwara, Manovikara and Krimi. 5. Dhuma Nasya Process of administration of medicated fumes via the nasal route and elimination of fumes by oral route [17] It is of 3 types: Shamana , Brimhana and Rechana . A special instrument is used for the Dhuma Nasya which is known as Dhumanadi (smoking pipe). It should be of 24 Angulas length for Virechana type of Dhumanasya . 32 Angula length for Snehika Dhuma and 36 Angula length of Prayogika Dhuma is advocated. Indication - Dhuma Nasya is indicated in Shiroroga, Nasaroga and Akshiroga. 6. Rechana Nasya ( Virechana Nasya ) Administration of Teekshna, Ushna Virya Aushadh Dravyas via the trans-nasal route. It is Srotoshodhaka in action. It is indicated specifically in Kapha predominant disorders. Drugs like Apamarga, Pippali, Maricha etc. may be used. Indications - Sushruta and Vagbhata have indicated Rechana Nasya in Shleshma Abhivyapta in Talukantha (Kapha in head and neck region ) and Shirokrimi, Urdhvajatrugata Shopha, Praseka, Vairasya Pratishyaya, Urdhvajatrugata Kaphaja Vikara ( disorders of region above clavicle ) Arochaka ( loss of appetite ), Shula, Shirogaurava ( heaviness in head ), Pinasa ( allergic rhinitis ), Arbuda, Dadru and Kotha. Shirovirechana Nasya with Kalka, Churna or Swarasa are indicated in Patients of Galaroga, Sannipataja Jwara, Atinidra, Manovikara, Abhishyanda Sarpadansha and Murchha. 7. Tarpana Nasya It can be considered synonymous to Snehana Nasya and Brimhana Nasya described by Sushruta, Sharangadhara and Vagbhata respectively. Administration of Snigdha, Madhura Ras Dravya via nasal route is called as Tarpana Nasya . Indications - Vatapittaja Rogas like Shirahkampa, Ardita etc. 8. Shamana Nasya The type of Nasya which brings the Dosha of Shirah in the state of balance without causing the disease is known as Shamana Nasya . Indications - It is used to stop bleeding in Raktapitta. It is also indicated in Akala Valita, Palita and Khalitya, Darunaka, Raktaraji, Vyanga and Nilika. Indications of Nasya [13] Charaka has explained the following general indications - Shirasthamba, Griva Roga, Manyasthamba, Skandharoga, Dantastamba, Mukharoga, Danta Shula, Karna Shula, Hanu Graham, Nasa Shula, Pinasa, Akshi Shula, Gala Shundika, Shirashula, Gala Shaluka, Ardita, Sukla Mandala Gataroga, Apatantraka, Timira, Galaganda, Vartmaroga, Danta Harsha Vyanga, Netraralji, Upajihvika, Arbuda, Ardhavabhedaka, Swarabheda, Suryavarta, Gadgatatwa, Awabahuka, Kesadosha, Apasmara. Time of administration of Nasya Time schedule in different seasons [14] According to Ritu Nasya is given at: 1 Shita Kala : Noon 2 Sharada and Vasanta : Morning 3 Grishma Ritu : Evening 4 Varsha Ritu : Only when sun is visible & sky is clear. Time schedule in Doshaja Vikara [15] 1 Kaphaja Vikara: Morning 2 Pitaja Vikara: Noon 3 Vataja Vikara : Evening Contra Indications of Nasya [16] Nasya should not be given on Durdina (Rainy day) or in Anritu (Viparita Kala). Charaka, Sushruta and Vagbhata commonly contraindicated conditions are during Bhuktabhakta (immediately after having food), person who wishes to have or already had Madhya, Toya (water) or Sneha (medicated Ghrita ), in pregnant

Dr. Ankush Bhardwaj. Nasya Karma and its type - A Review ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE Mar-Apr 2019 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Mar - Apr 2019 | Vol. 4 | Issue 2 112 women and after Basti administration (medicine taken via anal route) Charaka and Sushruta commonly contraindicated conditions are during Shramarta, Vyayamaklanta (exhausted after exercise), Trishnarta (thirsty) and Ajirna (indigestion), Virikta (after purgation therapy). CONCLUSION A wise person should always be attentive towards one’s own health. He should take each and every possible step in order to prevent diseases. Nasya Karma is the treatment modality that not only acts as a therapeutic measure for all the Urdhwajatrugata Roga but also acts as a preventive tool for the same . So everyone should know about it. REFERENCES 1 Vachaspati Mishra, Vachaspatyam Part-5, Page No.4006. 2 Shiv Prasad Sharma, Vagbhata, Ashtanga Sangraha, Sanskrit Commentary by Indu shasilekha, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Prakashan Varanasi, reprint, Sutrasthana chapter 29 versus, 2006; 2: 223. 3 Dr. Srimati Shailja Shrivastav, Shrangdhar Samhita, Chowkhamba Orientaliya, Gokul Bhawan, Gopal Mandir Lane, Edition: Reprint 2017 Pg.no.399 4 Sharangadhara, Sharangadhara Samhita, commentary of Bramhanand Tripathi, Nasyavidhi 8/2,11,12 Page No. 379, Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi, edition 6 th , 1994; 488. 5 Vriddha Jivaka, Kashyap Samhita, revised by Vatsya, commentary of Satyapalabhishagacharya, Siddhisthana, Nastkarmiya Adhyaya 4/3 Page No., Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series, Varanasi, edition 6 th,1998; 364. 6 Yadavaji Trikamaji (editor).Commentary: Nibandhsangraha ofDalhan and Nyayacandrika panjika of Sri. Gayadasa on Sushrutha Samhita of Sushrut Chikitsasthana, chapter 40, verse no.31, 1 st edition, Varanasi: Chowkamba Krishnadas Academy, 2004; 556. 7 Yadavaji Trikamaji (editor). Commentary: Ayurveda Deepika of Chakrapani on Charaka Samhita of Charaka, Siddhisthana, chapter 9, verse no. 89, 1 st edition, Varanasi: Chowkhambha Sanskrit Series, 2009; 722. 8 Harishastri Paradkar (editor). Commentary: Sarvanga Sundara of Arunadatta and Ayurveda Rasayana of Hemadri on Ashtanga Hridaya of Vagbhata, chapter 22, verse no.2, 1 st edition, Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy, 2000; 287. 9 Yadavaji Trikamaji (editor). Commentary: Nibandhsangraha of Dalhana and Nyayacandrika panjika of Sri. Gayadasa on Sushrutha Samhita of Sushrut Chikitsasthana, chapter 40, verseno.21, 1 st edition, Varanasi: Chowkamba Krishnadas Academy, 2004; 824. 10 Yadavaji Trikamaji (editor). Commentary: Ayurveda Deepika of Chakrapani on Charaka Samhita of Charaka, Siddhisthana, chapter 9, verse no. 92, 1 st edition, Varanasi: Chowkhambha Sanskrit Series, 2009; 738. 11 Yadavaji Trikamaji (editor). Commentary: Ayurveda Deepika of Chakrapani on Charaka Samhita of Charaka, Vimanasthana, chapter 8, verse no. 34, 1 st edition, Varanasi: Chowkhambha Sanskrit Series, 2009; 738. 12 Pt. Kashinath Shastri and Dr. Gorakhanath Chaturvedi, Charaka Samhita of Charaka with Vidyostini Hindi Commentary, Sidddhisthana, Reprint edition; chapter 9 versus 91, Varanasi: Chaukhambha Bharati academy, 2013; 107 13 Pt. Kashinath Shastri and Dr. Gorakhanath Chaturvedi, Charaka Samhita of Charaka with Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, Sidddhisthana, Reprint edition; 2011 chapter 2 versus 22, Varanasi: Chaukhambha Bharati academy, Pg No.986 14 Pt. Hari Sadasiva sastri paradakara, Ashtanga Hridaya of Vaghbhatta – Sarvanga Sundari Comm. Arunadatta, Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashan Varanasi, reprint Sutrasthana, chapter 20 versus, 2014; 13-16: 290. 11. 15 Ambikadatt Shastri, Sushruta Samhita of Sushruta with Ayurveda Tatva Sandipika Hindi Commentary, Chikitsa sthana, Reprint edition chapter 40 versus 24, Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthana, 2009; 225. 16 Pt. Kashinath Shastri and Dr. Gorakhanath Chaturvedi, Charaka Samhita of Charaka with Vidyotini Hindi Commentary, Sidddhisthana, Reprint edition;2011 chapter 2 versus 20, Varanasi: Chaukhambha Bharati academy, Pg No.984. 17 www.researchgate.net/publication. 18 www.ijpaam.com. How to cite this article: Dr. Ankush Bhardwaj. Nasya Karma and its type - A Review. J Ayurveda Integr Med Sci 2019;2:109-112. http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.4.2.21 Source of Support: Nil, Conflict of Interest: None declared.

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