Ayurvedic view of Immunization in 21st Century - A Review Article

ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2018 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2018 | Vol. 3 | Issue 4 165 Ayurvedic view of Immunization in 21 st Century - A Review Article Dr. Tanmay P. Bangar, 1 Dr. Sudha Singh 2 1 Post Graduate Scholar, 2 Associate Professor & Guide, Department of Kaumarbritya, College of Ayurved and Research Centre, Akurdi, Pune, Maharastra, INDIA. I NTRODUCTION Acharya Charaka defines Ayu (Life) as a combination of the body, sense organs, mind and soul. ‘ Swasthasya Swasthya Rakshanam ’ [1] is the very first aim of Charaka Samhita . In other words Ayurveda has given much priority to live healthy and disease free life. Need for vaccination was felt in the modern science since 1800. But vaccination came on the top in public health in 20 th Century. In 21 st century, infectious diseases are spreading on a large scale. Hence, Address for correspondence: Dr. Tanmay P. Bangar Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Kaumarbritya, College of Ayurved and Research Centre, Akurdi, Pune, Maharastra, India. E-mail: btanmy@gmail.com Submission Date : 22/07/2018 Accepted Date: 19/08/2018 Access this article online Quick Response Code Website: www.jaims.in DOI: 10.21760/jaims.v 3 i 4.13305 vaccination plays an important role in preventive medicine, But however prevention of disease still remains unreached, as the micro-organisms keep changing their forms and these acquiring resistance. The better option is to improve and sensitize body’s immune system by using Rasayana . Rasayana refers to use of complex herbal preparations, individual herbs or combinations which aims to rejuvenate or attains the maximum potential of an individual in order to prevent disease. Rasayana includes Suvarna Prashana , [2],[3] which is an Ayurvedic immunemodulatory technique used in Indian medicine for children. In Ayurvedic system of medicine, Suvarna Prashana is one of the 16 th Samskara described in Ayurvedic classics. Suvarna Prashana is mixture of micro fine particles of gold and calcined gold particles ( Suvarna Bhasma ), Ayurvedic herbs, cow’s ghee and honey administered at a specific time i.e. Pushya Nakshatra . Suvarna Prashana is given to the children upto the age of 16 years including newborns. The prophylactic approach of Ayurveda is consistent, effective, harmless and helps in building up the immunity and strength in children. A B S T R A C T ‘Swasthasya Swasthya Rakshanam’ , the very first aim of Charaka Samhita . It is on priority fundamental to understand, Ayurveda has in itself the essence of Vaccination or inoculation. Need for vaccination was felt in Modern science since 1800 onwards. But, however health and medicine scholar have described vaccination on the top in public health in 20 th century. In the present era i.e. in the 21 st century, infectious diseases are spreading on a large scale. To treat all the organisms at a time is not possible. Hence, the concept of vaccination plays an important role in preventive medicine. But, however, prevention of disease still remains out of reach. Therefore, this is high time for a nation to encourage the traditional system of medicine which provides a potential mechanism for the development of immunity in children. The prophylactic approach of Ayurveda is consistent, effective and Harmless. Ayurveda, the traditional system of medicine provides lots of Lehana drugs which are supposed to built up the immunity and strength in children Key words: Lehana, Vaccination, Immunity.

Dr. Tanmay P. Bangar et.al. Ayurvedic view of Immunization in 21 st Century - A Review Article ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2018 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2018 | Vol. 3 | Issue 4 166 A IM AND O BJECTIVES 1 To bring into notice, the Ayurvedic view of immunization and compare the present vaccination and proposed Rasayana preventive method. 2 To propose preventive methods through Ayurvedic concepts. M ATERIALS AND M ETHODS The universal immunization program (UIP) seems to have slipped almost entirely into private sector. In this process, the costs of vaccines are double. The rough vaccine cost is mentioned in below table. It may vary due to change in brands, administration charges and consulting fees of doctors. Table 1: Cost of different vaccines Name of vaccine Single dose approximate price in rupees Number of doses Total BCG 150 1 150 OPV 200 6 1200 DTwP 250 5 1250 Hep-B 200 3 600 Measles 200 1 200 MMR 250 2 500 HiB 350 4 1400 Typhoid 250 3 750 IPV 450 4 1800 TDAP 1200 1 1200 HPV 3100 3 9300 Chicken Pox 1500 2 3000 Hep-A 1100 2 2200 Rota Virus 1250 3 3750 Pneumonia 4200 4 16800 DTaP 1200 5 6000 Flu 900 5 4500 Total 54,600 BCG=Bacillus Calmette Guerin, OPV=Oral polio vaccine, DTwP- Diptheria, Tetanus, whole cell Pertussis, Hep-B=Hepatitis B vaccine, MMR= Mumps Measles Rubella, HiB= Haemophilus influenza type B vaccine, IPV= Inactivated Polio vaccine, Tdap=Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis, HPV=Human Papilloma Virus, Hep-A=Hepatitis A Approximate 37% diseases are infectious and rest of diseases cannot be prevented by vaccinations. Thus hardly 30 infectious diseases over there which can be prevented through available vaccination. Only 9-10 vaccines are included in NIS (National Immunisation Schedule) and are available for free at government hospitals. But they don’t cover all infectious diseases. So, in order to prevent all kinds of diseases, Ayurvedic immunization is the answer. In authentic book of Ayurveda called Arogya Raksa Kalpadruma, [4] medicines that should be given for a newborn child till 13 years of age is mentioned. The idea behind giving these medicines is to import immunity to child. The complete Ayurvedic Immunization till the age of 13 years is described in details as Prakara Yoga. Prakara Yoga means: Medicinal formulations that are given as a preventive health care for child to protect the newborn from further diseases. Ayurvedic Immunization Program [5] New born: Vacha + Hansapadi ( Tripādika ) Rasa - 3 drops each day on the vertex - from 2 nd day to 7 th day. Benefits - Improves digestion and build up immunity. After 15 th day: For 7 days - Panchanga of Bilva mixed in Dhātri Svarasa.

Dr. Tanmay P. Bangar et.al. Ayurvedic view of Immunization in 21 st Century - A Review Article ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2018 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2018 | Vol. 3 | Issue 4 167 For 1 month old child: Ghee processed with ( Musta, Hingu, Vidanga & Brahmi Svarasa ). At 3 months: Vyosha ( Shunthi, Maricha, Pippali ) + Sariva Siddha Ghrita for 7 days. At 6 months: Musali Kandaja Raja + Vyosha powder + honey for 7 days. At 1 year: Each month for 7 days 1 st month - ( Dhātri + Musta ) + Vyosha + Madhu 2 nd month - ( Dhātri + Musta ) + mixed with Ghrita 3 rd month - ( Dhātri + Musta ) in sugar and warm water 4 th month - ( Dhātri + Musta ) with sugar and honey 5 th month - ( Dhātri + Musta ) with Panchakola Churna and Ghrita 6 th month - ( Dhātri + Musta ) with Jeeraka and Pippali powder and honey 7 th month - ( Dhātri + Musta ) with Vyosha + Dadima + Mastu 8 th month - ( Dhātri + Musta ) with Granthika Mūla + Ku ṭ aja processed in Ghrita 9 th month - ( Dhātri + Musta ) with Vidanga + Pippali + honey 10 th month - ( Dhātri + Musta ) Jiraka + Vyosha + sugar 11 th month - ( Dhātri + Musta ) with goat milk 12 th month - ( Dhātri + Musta ) with sugar + Jeeraka powder + cow milk Only the mixing substance changes each month 3 rd year: All the medicines should be given empty stomach for 7 days of each month depending upon weight. Ghee and sugar in equal quantity of medicine 1 st month - Guduchi, Pippali, Vacha. 2 nd month - Vyosha, Yashti, Vacha, Saindhava, Abhaya. 3 rd month - Vidanga, Musta, Ela, Vacha, Shunthi, Pippali. 4 th month - Sariba, Vyo ṣ ha, Vacha, Jīraka, Kaiśikī (Māśīkka). 5 th month - Dadima, Musta, Vacha, Dhānyaka, Pippalī. 6 th month - Punarnava, Bhūnimba, Vacha, Tvacha. 7 th month - Mashaparni, Musta, Bimbi Root, Pippali, Vaca. 8 th month - Dro ṇ apu ṣ hpa, Musta, Vacha, Palāśa Tvak. 9 th month - Brahmi, Musta, Vacha, Kutaja, Pippalī. 10 th month - Mālatīpu ṣ hpa, Vacha, Jīraka, Māyāphala. 11 th month - Śhamī Patra, Jīraka, Chitraka, Vacha, Pippalī. 12 th month - Musta, Trika ṭ u, Dā ḍ ima, Āmalaki, Vidanga, Tālīsapatra, Chitraka, Ajagandha, Abhaya, Vacha. 5 th year: Same as above but substitute Vacha with Pushkaramula . 8 th year: Add Shankhapushpi root + medicines of 5 th year - mix powder with ghrita and honey. 10 th year: Every month give Ghrita made with following herbs for 7 days. 1 st month - Abhaya, Vyosha, Saindhava, Vacha, Talisa Patra, Brahmi. 2 nd month - Vidanga, Amalaki, Vyosha, Pā ṭ hā, Dā ḍ ima, Chitrakaka, Mandukapar ṇ i Svarasa. 3 rd month - Jiraka, Vyosa, Saindhava, Vacha, Musta, Pushkaramula in Vetasāmla Rasa. 4 th month - Jīvanīya Ga ṇ a + Musta, Agnimantha, Chitraka, Granthika in goats milk. 5 th month - Draksha, Punarnava, Pā ṭ ha, Musta, Hapusha Mūla, Ka ṭ phala, Dā ḍ īma in goat milk. 6 th month - Śārivādi Ghritam in goat milk. 7 th month - Nāgarādi Ghritam, Kutaja, Musta, Bilva Panchanga in hot water. 8 th month - Pippalyādi Ghritam with Dadhi Mastu - after making the ghee it has to be filtered into a vessel containing Jiraka and Sita (rock sugar). 9 th month - Bilvādi Ghritam / Another alternative – Pā ṭ ha, Drona Pushpi, Musta in Mastu – make a ghee of that herbal paste.

Dr. Tanmay P. Bangar et.al. Ayurvedic view of Immunization in 21 st Century - A Review Article ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2018 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2018 | Vol. 3 | Issue 4 168 10 th month - Trāyamānādi Gh ṛ itam. 11 th month - Dadimadi Ghritam, Ghritam and Mastu in equal quantity. 12 th month - Kashāya – Patha, Kutaja, Bhunimba, Dhanyaka; Kalka – Vidanga, Palasa Tvak, Nisa Dvaya, Punarnva, Vyosha, Dipyaka, Duralabha, Yashti – make the ghee – administer with honey. 13 th year: 1 st month - Durva, Vacha + Sita, Grita, honey. 2 nd month - Brahmi, Manduka Parni, Śamīvalka, Bh ṛ ngāmalaka, Māgadhi, Asthisrnkhala, Indulekha (Bakuci), Bhunimba, Sariva). Suvarna Prashana The procedure of Suvarna Lehana is described in Kashyapa Samhita . Metallic Gold is rubbed on clean rubbing stone with water and is mixed with powder of Medhya Rasayana herbs, ghrita and honey is given to the newborn. Acharya Kashyapa says that licking of gold increases Medha, Agni, Bala. Benefits: Improves intellect, digestion, metabolism, immunity, physical strength. Promotes life span, aphrodisiac, it enhances colour and complexion and protect from micro organisms. Suvarna Prashana administered for 1 month makes the child Parama Medhavi (highly intelligent), administered for 6 months, the baby becomes Shrutadhara (able to remember the things which are just heard.) Acharya Sushruta [6],[7] and Vagbhata [8] have prescribed gold along with various drugs to a newborn child immediately after birth. These all herbo mineral compound are very safe to take for long time and at the same time these all are easily available with comparatively less price. As said earlier, vaccination can hardly prevent few of the diseases, but Ayurvedic immunization prevents all kind of diseases. DISCUSSION Mode of action of vaccines [11] Vaccines work by presenting a foreign antigen to the immune system to evoke a specific immune response. Four main types are currently in clinical use: 1 An inactivated vaccine consist virus or bacteria that are grown in culture and then killed. Although the particles are destroyed and cannot replicate, the virus capsid proteins/bacterial wall are intact enough to be recognized and remembered by the immune system and evoke a response. 2 In an attenuated vaccine, live virus or bacteria with very low virulence are administered. They will replicate, but locally or very slowly. Since they do reproduce and continue to present antigen to the immune system beyond the initial vaccination, boosters my be required less often. 3 Virus-like particle vaccines consists of viral protein(s) derived from the structural proteins of a virus. These proteins can self-assembled into particles that resembles the virus from which they were derived but lack viral nucleic acid, meaning that they are not infectious. 4 A subunit vaccine presents an antigen to the immune system without introducing viral particles, whole or otherwise. Mode of action of Ayurvedic Immunization Majority of drugs work on multiple areas which helps in the achievement of Vyadhikshamatva , through it’s Dipana, Pachana, Medhya and non specific immunobooster properties Table 2: Pharmacological action of some drugs [4],[9] Drugs Proved Pharmacological Actions Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza Glabra) Enhance the macrophage membrane function. Guduchi Inhibit the lipid peroxidation and

Dr. Tanmay P. Bangar et.al. Ayurvedic view of Immunization in 21 st Century - A Review Article ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2018 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2018 | Vol. 3 | Issue 4 169 (Tinospora cordifolia) superoxide and hydroxyl radicals in vitro. Amlaki (Emblica officinalis) Strengthen the defense mechanism against free radical damage induced during stress. Haritaki (Terminalia Chebula) In immune-modulation studies, humaral immunity was enhanced where T-cell counts remained unaffected in the animals, but cell-mediated immune response was stimulated. Concept of Non Specific Immunity The non-specific immune system also known as innate immune system, and first line of defense, comprises the cells and mechanisms that defend the host from infection by organisms in a non-specific manner. Ayurvedic drugs enhance the power of non specific immune system through above mentioned probable mode of action. Whereas vaccines provide immunity for respective pathogens only. Problems in vaccination 1 Unavailability of vaccines for villages of India. 2 Maintenance of cold chain. 3 Complication that arise after administering the vaccines such as local symptoms like abscess, ulcer, rash and generalized symptoms like fever, lymphadenopathy, vaccine induced complications. CONCLUSION Wide spread immunity due to vaccination is largely responsible for the eradication of smallpox and restriction of diseases such as polio, measalse, tetanus. But however, the truth can’t be ignored at the same time. Vaccination in peripheral part of India is difficult, thus complication of vaccination may lead to death of child also. Thus, we can use better measures to get prevention against all kind of diseases by adding Ayurvedic immunization in the schedule. Ayurvedic Immunization plays a vital role in prevention of all kinds of dieases in both healthy as well as diseased individuals. Along with that it is cheap, readily available and has no difficulties in maintenance. The emerging data suggests that the possible mechanism of these drugs may be immunestimulation, quenching free radicals enhancing cellular detoxification mechanism repairing damaged nonproliferating calls, inducing cell proliferation and replenishing them by eliminating damaged cells with fresh cells. Thus, we can conclude that vaccines are superfluous and Ayurvedic Immunization drugs should be used as compulsory measures. REFERENCES 1 Yadavaji Trikamaji, Charaka Samhita Chakrapani Teeka Chaukhambha Prakashana Varanasi Reprint 2009 2 Hemraja Sharma, Hindi Vidyotini commentary on Kashyapa Samhita, Sutra Sthana, Lehadhyaya, Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan; 2009; p.4 3 Nepalrajguruna Pandit, Kashyap Samhita (Chikitsasthana), Chaukhamba Publication ,2008 Reprint 4 Sagar Bhinde.”Rasayana: A Better Alternative For Disease Prevention” in the journal of Ayurveda and holistic Medicine, december 2013 5 Lal Krishnan, Arogya Raksa Kalpadrumah, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series, 2006 6 Sharma Priyavat, Sushruta Samhita Dalhana Vyakhya Chaukhambha Orientelia 4 th edition reprint 1980 7 Ambikadatta Shastri, editor Sushruta Samhita, Part I & II, Hindi Commentary, Published by Chaukhambha Publication, reprint 2006. 8 Atrideva Gupt, editor, Ashtanga Hridaya of Vagbhata, Uttar Sthana, chapter 39, verse no. 3, Varanasi Chaukhamba Prakashana 2011;p.812 9 Pande Hariharaprasad, Bhavaprakash with Vidyotini Teeka Chaukhambha Prakashana Sanskrit Bhavana Reprint 2012 10 Sharma Priyavat, Dravyaguna Vidnyan Chaukhamba Pratishthana Reprint 2002 11 Richard, A Behram, Robert Kligram, Hal B.Jenson Reed, Nelson –Textbook of Pediatrics Elsevier India Pvt.Ltd, New Delhi 17 th edition Reprint 2003

Dr. Tanmay P. Bangar et.al. Ayurvedic view of Immunization in 21 st Century - A Review Article ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2018 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2018 | Vol. 3 | Issue 4 170 12 Paeditrics; Medknow publications, Mumbai, reprint 2007, p. 352-379 13 World healt organization. “Disease and injury regional estimates for 2004”. 14 Allan Phillips; ’Vaccination Myths- Contraindication Policy’; National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161, 703-487-4650, 703-487-4600 ******************************* How to cite this article: Dr. Tanmay P. Bangar, Dr. Sudha Singh. Ayurvedic view of Immunization in 21 st Century - A Review Article. J Ayurveda Integr Med Sci 2018;4:165-170. http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.v 3 i 4.13305 Source of Support: Nil, Conflict of Interest: None declared.

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