Concept of Swastha Vrutta in Netra Swasthya

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Netra, Sri, June, Long, Prasanna, Visakh, Mala, Swami, Mana, Nayana, Sama]

ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE May-June 2018 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | May - June 2018 | Vol. 3 | Issue 3 108 Concept of Swastha Vrutta in Netra Swasthya Dr. Prakruthi G, 1 Dr. Visakh MD, 2 Dr. Hamsaveni V. 3 1,2 Post Graduate Scholar, 3 Guide & Professor, P. G. Dept. of Shalakya Tantra, Sri Kalabyreshwara Swami Ayurvedic Medical College and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA. I NTRODUCTION The regimens to be followed after awakening from sleep to maintain health routinely are mentioned as Swastha Vrutta. The word Swastha comprises of ‘ sva’ which means one’s own and ‘ stha’ means staying i.e., being in one’s own natural state. Swasmin Sthane, Swasmin Karmani Swasu Rupe Sthiyate Tat Vrutam Swasta Vrutam !! [1] There are two types of Swastha Vrutta - Vaiyaktika Swastha Vrutta, where it is followed by the individual Address for correspondence: Dr. Prakruthi G. Post Graduate Scholar, P. G. Dept. of Shalakya Tantra, Sri Kalabyreshwara Swami Ayurvedic Medical College and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. E-mail: prakruthikalpana@gmail.com Submission Date : 05/05/2018 Accepted Date: 16/06/2018 Access this article online Quick Response Code Website: www.jaims.in DOI: 10.21760/jaims.v 3 i 3.12883 to prevent disease. Samajika Swastha Vrutta, where the principles to be followed by community for the maintenance of health of the society. Dinacharya [2-4] Under the concept of Swastha Vrutta , very important factor to be considered is Dinacharya . If one follows proper Dinacharya , he will be endowed with Suprasendriyata, Balalabha, Ayushalabha, Sowmanasyata. Arogyam Bhaskaraadichet ! One who is desirous of long healthy life should get up in Brahmi Muhurta as it clearly told as Brahmi Muhurte Uttishtetwaswastho Rakshaarthamaayusha: !! One should sit facing towards north or eastern direction and sip water after cleansing the excreta of Dhatus , tears, after taking bath, after eating, after sleeping, after sneezing, after worship and after travelling. This is known as Achamana . Danta Dhavana - One should brush in morning and night after intake of food with twigs of Arka , Vata, Khadira, Karanja, Arjuna . It is contraindicated in the diseases of eye. A B S T R A C T Acharya Chakrapani clearly says that the condition free from disease is Swastha and regimens followed to keep the individual healthy are Swastha Vrutta . Acharya Sushruta explains Swastha as a condition where there will be Sama Dosha , Sama Agni, Sama Dhatu, proper Mala Kriya, Prasanna Atma-Mana , which is even now accepted by WHO also where they defined health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Netra being the most important Indriya among all the Indriya , it is very necessary to maintain its health. Creating awareness among the people regarding the concepts of Dinacharya , Rutucharya, Sadvrutta helps to decrease the increasing life style diseases. The concept of Ahara is very much important when it comes to Dosha and Dhatu Samyata . Being Nayana Chintakas , it is our duty to explore the things which our Acharyas explained clearly to maintain Swasthya . In this aspect an attempt is made to gather the information which is specifically explained as a part of Swastha Vrutta in relation with Netra Swasthya . Key words: Swastha, Netra, Dinacharya, Rtucharya, Sadvrutta, Ahara.

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Gold, Sky, Shine, Fast, Krishna, Anjana, Sun, Moon, Kaya, Bright, Good]

Dr. Prakruthi G. et.al. Concept of Swastha Vrutta in Netra Swasthya ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE May-June 2018 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | May - June 2018 | Vol. 3 | Issue 3 109 Kavala Gandusha - Mouth is completely filled with Gandusha Dravya till Dosha gets filled in the mouth or before eye starts watering is known as Gandusha and in which movement of the Dravyas inside the mouth constitutes Kavala . The Samyak Yogas of both Kavala and Gandusha include Indriya Prasadana , which clearly explains the importance of both the concepts. Anjana - For maintenance of positive health of Urdhwa Kaya , the most important measure like application of collyrium should be done daily. Time of application of Anjana - One should apply collyrium made of antimony everyday for protecting eyes. Collyrium made of Berberis aristata is applied once in five or eight days at night time for lacrimation of eyes. Eyes are dominant in Tejo Mahabhuta , so there is fear of being afflicted with Kapha . Hence process which alleviates Kapha is good for eyes; strong collyrium should not be used in day time, as the eyes weakened by drainage will be afflicted by sun. Thus the collyrium meant for drainage should be always applied at night. Benefits of application of Anjana - The gold ornaments are cleaned by means of oil, cloth, hair brush, similarly application of collyrium cleans the human eyes, which makes them shine like the bright moon in the clear sky. Samyak Netra Virikta Lakshanas - includes Vishada, Laghava, Nasravi, Kriyapatu, Sunirmalam, Shantopadrava. Contraindications of Anjana - one should not apply collyrium in the conditions of tiredness, Udavarta , crying, after intake of alcohol, anger, fear, fever, suppression of natural urges and diseases of head. It is also contraindicated in ocular conditions like redness of eyes, pain, blindness, excessive lacrimation, pain and swelling. Dhumapana - Part of vitiated Kapha situated in the head is eliminated very fast by smoking. So after application of collyrium, smoking is indicated. In the daily regimen always Prayogika variety of smoking is advised. One should inhale medicated fumes after bathing, eating, tongue scraping, sneezing, brushing teeth, Nasya , Anjana and sleep. It is helpful in the case of Akshishula . Smoking in excess or at improper time produces complications like deafness, blindness, dumbness, loss of functioning of sense organs, bleeding from different parts of body and giddiness. It is contraindicated in the case of Timira . Nasya - Nose is the entry way for the head and medicine used in the form of nasal instillation, cures the diseases of the head through this route only. Practice of Nasya at proper time as said in the text prevents diseases of eyes, nose and ears. There will be clarity in sense organs if it is done properly. If done insufficiently, causes dryness of sense organs and if it done in excess it causes heaviness in sense organs. Chankramana (mild exercises) - It is a variety of exercise which does not cause any kind of trouble to the body. It increases life span, strength, intelligence, digestive power and perceptive power of sense organs. Abhyanga - Application of the oil to the body based on season, Dosha , condition is known as Abhyanga . Daily practice of Abhyanga delays ageing, cures tiredness and Vata disorders, improves vision, complexion, nourishment, life, sleep, good lustrous skin and strength. This should be done specially to head, ears and feet. Padabhyanga helps to improve the vision. Shirobhyanga does Indriya Prasadana. Snana - Taking head bath with hot water is injurious to eyes where as with cold water is good for eyes. Before taking bath, one should apply the paste of Krishna Tila which is said to be Vatahara and Chakshushya . Alternatively, one can apply the paste of Amalaki before taking head bath. Pada Prakshalana - Washing the feet cleans the foot, cures diseases of feet and tiredness. It is good for eyes, enhances virility, Rakshoghna and enhances pleasantness.

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Man, Nithya, Vega, Rain, Ama, Honey]

Dr. Prakruthi G. et.al. Concept of Swastha Vrutta in Netra Swasthya ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE May-June 2018 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | May - June 2018 | Vol. 3 | Issue 3 110 Padatra Dharana - Wearing footwear is good for eyes, skin and destroys diseases of foot. It enhances strength, courage and virility. Chatra Dharana - Umbrella protects from rain, wind, dust, fumes, mist and intense heat of sun. It improves complexion and good for eyes and enhances Ojas and is auspicious. Ratricharya [5-7] After taking the meals, one should clean his hands properly by removing food completely and then touch the eyes with moist fingers tips. Bhojanottara Krama - Triphala Churna mixed with honey and ghee should be used a night to strengthen the vision. Souviranjana should be used daily, as it is conducive for eyes. But once in 5 or 8 days Rasanjana should be applied to remove the Doshas from eyes. If sexual intercourse is done with menstruating lady, the child born will have vision defects. Rutucharya [8],[9] One has to undergo Rutushodhana depending on the Prakruti . Pravrut, Sharad and Vasanta Rutus are considered as suitable seasons for administering elimination therapies of Vata, Pitta and Kapha Dosha respectively. Under Samyak Shodhana Lakshanas , it has been mentioned that it strengthens the Indriyas. So, one has to take Shodhana to maintain the normalcy of Chakshurendriya at regular interval of time. Concept of Ahara [10],[11] Under Nithya Sevaniya Ahara Dravyas, Acharya Charaka has clearly mentioned Mudga, Saindhava, Amalaki, Ghrita. These are considered to be best Chakshushya Dravyas and should be used as Pathyas . Other Ahara Dravyas which are to be used as Pathya are Lohita Shali, Surana, Patola, Vartaka, Karavellaka, Navina Mocha, Navamulaka, Punarnava, Kakamachi, Pattura Shaka, Draksha. Yoga Ratnakara gives a special description regarding Chakshushya Shaka Panchakas as Jeevanti , Vastu , Matsyakshi , Meghanada , Punarnava . One should consume more of Snigdha Aharas which are considered to be as the cause for Indriya Drudhikarana . Concept of Upavasa [12] Fasting is auspicious, cures Ama Dosha , enhances Agni , gives enthusiasm, clarity for sense organ and fasting is pious rule according to texts. It enhances virtuousness, health, lifespan and good thoughts. Concept of Vega Dharana [13] Always the diseases are produced due to the forceful creation of unmanifested urge and suppression of manifested urge. Kshavathu Vega Dharana causes Indriyas Dourbalya , Nidra Vega Dharana causes Akshigourava, Bhaspa Nigraha causes Akshiroga, Chardi Nigrahana causes Netra Kandu . Acharya Vangasena quotes Vit, Mutra, Vata Nigraha are the causes for Netra Rogas. Concept of Prajnaparadha [14] One should avoid intellectual errors, take care of sense organs, by avoiding excessive, improper or disuse of sense organs, knowledge about place, time and oneself and adopt codes of conduct. Concept of Sadvrutta [15] For maintaining health of sense organs and mind one has to follow the rules like proper interaction of sense organs, performing of different actions after proper thoughtful analysis by his intelligence. While walking one should see one Yuga forward (6 feet), one should not be a slave to senses no one should let loose fickle mind. One should not inflict too much burden over the intellect or senses. DISCUSSION Acharya Sharangadhara quotes no creature in the universe is immortal, it is important to prevent death, but it is possible to prevent disease. So one should try for that which is preventable. Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise - there are many advantages on getting up early in the morning. Mainly it helps to reduce the stress level and helps to balance the

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Karma, Karna, Iris]

Dr. Prakruthi G. et.al. Concept of Swastha Vrutta in Netra Swasthya ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE May-June 2018 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | May - June 2018 | Vol. 3 | Issue 3 111 mental health which is very important for Samyak Indriyartha Sannikarsha. The relationship between infected teeth and diseases of the eye has been known for some time. Several centuries ago, Fabricus Hildanus reported a case of ophthalmia and loss of the eye due to an abscessed tooth. And also Bier described a case in which contraction of the visual field was done away with by extraction of caries tooth. One has to maintain ocular hygiene by means of Dantadhavana, Kavala and Gandhusha [16] Regular physical activity may reduce the risk of developing serious eye diseases. A handful of studies have delved into the links between regular exercise and glaucoma and macular degeneration [17] Na Netra Roga Jaayanthe Tasmaad Anjana Maacharet !! If one applies Anjana as a part of Dinacharya , he will definitely devoid of eye diseases [18] Nasya Karma - “Naso Hi Shiraso Dwaram”, nose being the gateway to the Shiras helps to eliminate the Doshas which disturbs the Urdhwa Jatru . The drug administered through the nostrils reaches the Shringataka ( Sira Marma ) get diffuse in entire Murdha , takes away the morbid Doshas from Siramukha of Netra , Karna , Kanta etc., from Urdhwa Bhaga of Jatru just like removing Munja grass from its stem [19] In the centre of the feet, 2 Nadis are situated which are directly connected to the eyes. By doing Padabhyanga , Vata Dosha can be controlled which is responsible for normal functioning of Panchendriyas [20] Acharya Charaka emphasizes importance of food as the body as well as diseases are formed by food, wholesome and unwholesome food is responsible for happiness and misery respectively. “ Ahara Sambhava Vastu Rogascha Ahara Sambhavaha”, Ahara is responsible for formation of the body and is the root cause of all the diseases including eye disorders. Netra , a prime sense organ is nourished by proper food and suffers from nutritional disorders, if the food taken is incompatible and deficient in its nutrients, mainly the micronutrients which include vitamins and minerals. So one has to consider the factors which are helpful to nourish the Chakshurendriya . One should adopt the Pathya Aharas told by our Acharyas for the purpose of the same. Proper Rutu Shodhana will definitely helps to avoid many diseases which are going to occur in future. Every individual should undergo Rutu Shodhana to control many of the preventable degenerative or other kinds of ocular manifestations. Acharya Vagbhata says non-suppression of natural urges as one of the measures of prevention. One should not suppress the natural urges in any ways. Example w.r.t. Kshavathu Vega Dharana , It weakens the blood vessels in the brain and cause it to rupture due to the momentary elevation of blood pressure. There will be bruising of the sclera around the iris due to rupture of small blood vessels [21] Using umbrella will helps to protect eyes from damages occurring by exposing to Sunlight, UV light. On exposing to these harmful radiations there is an increase in chance of getting cataract, Pterygium and other degenerative disorders [22] Causative factors for physical and mental diseases are wrong utilization, over utilization and non-utilization of objects of sense organ, time and intellect. So, an intelligent person should avoid them and prevent diseases CONCLUSION Ayurveda believes that mind, soul and body are like the pillars of life. The combination of these three are responsible for Purusha as well as world and even for the disease to occur. In the present scenario, most of the diseases are multifactorial where involvement of mind is invariably present at one or the other stage of the disease. A wise person should be vigilant about his duties towards his own body like an officer-in-charge of a city and a charioteer towards the city and chariot respectively. Practicing the regimens which are wholesome for sense organs constitute Indriyopashamana which is a needful thought where

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Dr. Prakruthi G. et.al. Concept of Swastha Vrutta in Netra Swasthya ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE May-June 2018 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | May - June 2018 | Vol. 3 | Issue 3 112 every individuals should think over it and adopt to overcome many of the preventable diseases. REFERENCES 1 Mangala gowri V. Rao, A Text Book of Swasha Vrutta, Reprint edition, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi, 2014;pp.560, p.1. 2 Dr Anna Moreswar Kunte, Krishna Ramachandra Shastri Narre, Pt. Hari Sadasiva Sastri, Ashtanga Hridaya with commentaries Sarvangasundari of Arunadatta and Ayurveda Rasayana of Hemadri, Chaukhamba Surabharati Prakasan, Varanasi, Edition 2008, Sutra sthana, chapter-5, pp-956. 3 Narayan Ram Acharya “Kavyathirtha”, Sushrutha Samhita, with Sri Dalhanacharya Teeka, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi, reprint edition 2009, Chikitsasthana, chapter -24 , pp-824. 4 Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji Acharya, Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, Revised by Charaka and Drdhabala, Ayurveda Dipika Commentry of Chakrapani Datta, Chowkhamba Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, Reprint 2010, Sutra sthana, Chapter- 5, pp – 738. 5 Dr. Shivprasad Sharma, Ashtanga Sangraha of Vriddha Vagbhata with the Shashilekha Sanskrit commentary by Indu, Sutra sthana, chapter 10, verse 13, pp-964, pg. 100. 6 Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji Acharya, Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, Revised by Charaka and Drdhabala, Ayurveda Dipika Commentry of Chakrapani Datta, Chowkhamba Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, Reprint 2010, Sutra sthana, Chapter - 5, Verse – 15, pp – 738, pg - 39. 7 Bhava Mishra, Bhavprakasha edited with the vidyotini hindi commentary by Bhisagratna pandit Sri Brahma Sankaramishra(vol-2), Choukambha sanskrit bhavan- Varanasi, reprint edition-2015, chapter-5, verse-286 – 288. 8 Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji Acharya, Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, Revised by Charaka and Drdhabala, Ayurveda Dipika Commentry of Chakrapani Datta, Chowkhamba Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, Reprint 2010, Sidhhi sthana, Chapter - 6, Verse - 4-6, pp – 738, pg - 703. 9 Dr Anna Moreswar Kunte, Krishna Ramachandra Shastri Narre, Pt. Hari Sadasiva Sastri, Ashtanga Hridaya with commentaries Sarvangasundari of Arunadatta and Ayurveda Rasayana of Hemadri, Chaukhamba Surabharati Prakasan, Varanasi, Edition 2008, Sutra sthana, chapter-18, Verse - 30, pp-956, pg - 270. 10 Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji Acharya, Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, Revised by Charaka and Drdhabala, Ayurveda Dipika Commentry of Chakrapani Datta, Chowkhamba Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, Reprint 2010, Sutra sthana, Chapter - 5, Verse – 12-13, pp – 738, pg -38. 11 Yogaratnakara with hindi commentary by Vaidya Shrilakshmipati Shastri edited by Bhisagratna Sri Brahmasankaramishra shastri, Chaukambha Sanskrit bhawan, Varanasi, reprint edition-2012, Uttarakhanda, Netrarogadhikara, pp -647, pg -395. 12 Mangala gowri V. Rao, A Text Book of Swasha Vrutta, Reprint edition, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi,pp- 560, pg – 67. 13 Dr Anna Moreswar Kunte, Krishna Ramachandra Shastri Narre, Pt. Hari Sadasiva Sastri, Ashtanga Hridaya with commentaries Sarvangasundari of Arunadatta and Ayurveda Rasayana of Hemadri, Chaukhamba Surabharati Prakasan, Varanasi, Edition 2008, Sutra sthana, chapter-4, pp-956. 14 Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji Acharya, Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, Revised by Charaka and Drdhabala, Ayurveda Dipika Commentry of Chakrapani Datta, Chowkhamba Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, Reprint 2010, Sutra sthana, Chapter - 7, Verse 53, pp – 738, pg -54. 15 Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji Acharya, Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, Revised by Charaka and Drdhabala, Ayurveda Dipika Commentry of Chakrapani Datta, Chowkhamba Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, Reprint 2010, Sutra sthana, Chapter - 8, pp – 738. 16 https://jamanetwork.com Dental infection in diseases of the eye, W.F.C. Steinbugler,Arch Ophthalmol. 1930; 4 (2):220-227. 17 Spindel eye associates, The effects of exercise on vision. www.spindleye.com 18 Narayan Ram Acharya “Kavyathirtha”, Sushrutha Samhita, with Sri Dalhanacharya Teeka, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi, reprint edition 2009, Chikitsa sthana, chapter -24 , pp-824, pg – 487. 19 Dr. Shivprasad Sharma, Ashtanga Sangraha of Vriddha Vagbhata with the Shashilekha Sanskrit commentary by Indu, sutra sthana, chapter-29, Verse – 3, pp-964, pg. 217.

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Nil, Med]

Dr. Prakruthi G. et.al. Concept of Swastha Vrutta in Netra Swasthya ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE May-June 2018 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | May - June 2018 | Vol. 3 | Issue 3 113 20 Dr. Shivprasad Sharma, Ashtanga Sangraha of Vriddha Vagbhata with the Shashilekha Sanskrit commentary by Indu, Uttara tantra, chapter-20, versr-13 , pp-964, pg- 730. 21 https://www.livescience.com August 19,2010, by Corey Binns. 22 Prakruthi G et al / Int. J. of Pharmacy and Analytical Research Vol-7(1), 2018. ******************************* How to cite this article: Dr. Prakruthi G, Dr. Visakh MD, Dr. Hamsaveni V. Concept of Swastha Vrutta in Netra Swasthya. J Ayurveda Integr Med Sci 2018;3:108-113. http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.v 3 i 3.12883 Source of Support: Nil, Conflict of Interest: None declared.

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