Genetics of Ayurveda in Infertility

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[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Shad, Kala, Good, Dina, Ritu]

ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2017 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2017 | Vol. 2 | Issue 4 181 Genetics of Ayurveda in Infertility Parvati Biradar, 1 Mahantagouda Biradar, 2 M. Srinivasulu 3 1 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Prasooti Tantra and Stree Roga, Taranath Govt Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital, Ballari, 2 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Panchakarma, SVPRAMC Badami, Bagalkot, 3 HOD, Professor, Dept. of Panchakarma, N. K. J. Ayurvedic Medical College & PG Center, Bidar, Karnataka, India. I NTRODUCTION Garbha (embryo) is formed by the union of Shukra (male gamet) and Shonita (female gamet) in Prakruta Garbhashaya (healthy reproductive organs), [1] under the influence of normal Garbha Sambava Saamaghri (embryonic growth factors), [2] Shad Bhavas (six influencing factors), [3] Kaala (time factor), [4] Panchamahabhota (five fundamental elements), [5] and Ahara Vihara (dietic lifestyle) of parents [6] Genetics of the embryo is based on the Prakriti (constitution) Address for correspondence: Dr. Mahantagouda Biradar Assistant Professor, Dept. of Panchakarma, SVPRAMC Badami, Bagalkot Dist, Karnataka, India. E-mail: klkbmahantesh@gmail.com Submission Date : 04/08/2017 Accepted Date: 24/08/2017 Access this article online Quick Response Code Website: www.jaims.in DOI: 10.21760/jaims.v 2 i 4.9349 formed by predominance of Dosha’s prevailing at the time of Shukra Shonita Samyoga (union of male and female gamets) with Shadbhavas ( Shukra, Shonita, Kala, Garbhashaya and Panchamahabhoota ) (Six influencing factors) “Shukra Shonita Samyoge Yo Bhaved Dosha Utkataha Sa Prakruti Uchyate”. [7] That is during the formation of a zygote, which Dosha is predominantly present in the composition of zygote, accordingly individual Prakriti (constitution) is formed. These reflections of Dosha variations are imbedded in the genes of zygote and carried as of hereditary feature. Further, influence of Doshas in Kaala ( Dina and Ritu Kala ) (time and seasonal factors), Matru Ahara Vihara Sevana (mother dietic lifestyle) and environment of Garbhashaya (healthy reproductive organs) will also have the impact in final formation of the Prakruti (constitution). Which are reflected as unique features of a grown individual i.e. personality, called as Prakriti (constitution) of that individual. Thus, individual Prakruti (constitution) of a person is based on variations in dominance and recession of A B S T R A C T Introduction: Infertility is the clinical entity where couple fail to conceive even after one year of regular unprotected sexual activity. Many factors are responsible for infertility like ovulation defects, spermatogenic failure, parental age, obesity, anatomical defects, infections, also with specific karyotype and genotype. Materials and Methods: Data was collected from Classical references and modern textual references to show how Ayurveda explains beautifully about the infertility, genetic cause for it Results: Effort are made to explain genetic theory according to Ayurveda in the context of Infertility Discussion: To have a healthy individual constitution impact of certain factors are very essential, which includes healthy reproductive organs of both male and female, healthy sperm and ovum, dietic regimen, Prakruti of couple, seasonal effect, Panchamahabhoota and Shadbhavas. Impact of Doshas on these will have vital role in formation of genetic code and reproductive capacity of individual. Hence all the above factors may be said as factors responsible for genetic modification influencing the fertility in Ayurveda. This knowledge is highly essential and need of the day for welfare of better society with good progeny through means of Ayurveda Key words: Vandyatwa, Infertility, Genetics, Garbhashaya, Ahara-Vihara Prakriti.

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[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Bala, Daiva]

Parvati Biradar et.al. Genetics of Ayurveda in Infertility ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2017 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2017 | Vol. 2 | Issue 4 182 Doshas in Garbha Samagri (Sampada) (embryonic growth factors), which are anatomically carried over by genes in the off spring Role of Garbha Sambhava Samagri (embryonic growth factors) in Genetic Infertility The four essential factors for healthy conception are called as Garbha Sambava Saamaghri (embryonic growth factors) viz. Rutu, Kshetra, Ambu and Bija . Any defects in these definitely will have the bad impact on fertility, which can be explained in terms of genetic infertility Rutu in this context can be explained in two aspects one as Ritukala (abnormality of menstrual period) like abnormal conditions of menstrual cycle and another is Ritu Srava like irregular menstruation either it may be menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, oligomenorrhoea, hypomenorrhoea, which are of due to hormonal imbalances under the influence of Doshas . Under Ritu Kala the right time or delay of ovulation is also to considered as it is the prime factor in fertility. All these factors appear to be abnormalities of ovaries may be of their dysfunction or structural abnormalities. Kshetra means fallopian tubes and Garbhashaya which forms path of Beeja collection, transmission and site of establishment for zygote respectively. So, the structural abnormalities like any congenital defects of uterus i.e. infantile uterus, pin whole os, retroverted uterus etc. and tubal blocks and absence of fimbria are of fallopian tube abnormalities. And functional abnormalities of Kshetra are like unresponsive fallopian tubes and endometrium, mullerian agenesis, androgen insensitivity syndrome, androgenital syndrome, endometriosis etc. hence healthy Kshetra means healthy fallopian tubes and uterus in structural and functional aspects. Ambu factor in this context is nutritional aspect of Garbha (embryo/pregnancy), normal and abnormal conditions in the formation and function of placenta, which looks after the nutritional / anabolic hormones to be considered under Ambu. If the same has been affected by vitiated Doshas will be carried over from mother to the next off spring either in the form of congenital or hereditary aspects. In case of Bija , Stree Bija (ovum) and Pumbeeja (sperm) is to be considered. In Ayurveda , it is obviously explained that which part of the Bija is affected, the same is carried to the offspring as Beeja Dosha. [8] (defective sperm and ovum). Non-formation or malformation of ovum in female and azoospermia, oligospermia, spermasthesia etc. in male will be considered under Beeja Dosha which cause Vandyatwa. Beejabhaga Avayava Dosha [9] (defective DNA of sperm and ovum) will also cause Shandi and Vartika (male with feminine character and female with masculine character) etc. X or Y chromosome defects in both sexes. Influence of Shadbhava (essential six factors) in Genetic Infertility In Garbha Utpatti (origin and development of embryo) all the Shadbhava i.e. Matruja (fetal parts derived from mother), Pitruja (fetal parts derived from father), Atmaja (factors of soul), Satmyaja (congenial factors), Rasaja (nutrient and hormonal factors) and Satvajabhava (psychosomatic factors) play vital role, whose affects also reflects in genetical impacts Any abnormality or deviations in Matrupitruja Apachara like Aharaja (improper Dietary Habits) and Viharaj (unhealthy daily activities and occupations), Satmyajabhava Apachara (unhealthy habits and addictions), Rasajabhava Apachara (improper Nutrition) effects in all aspects of offspring with defects like in Prana or Bala Anubandha (attachment of life or strength with body), Trupti (contentment), Pushti (nourishment), Utsaha (enthusiasm or zeal), Garbha Sampada of the progeny (ovum/sperm and fertility) etc. Satvajabhava Apachara (due to emotional and stress factors) like Dwesha (hatred), Matsarya (jealousy), Bhaya (fear), tandra (lethargy) etc. along with Purvajanmakruta Karma (previous negative deeds) and Daiva leads to challenges to affect the progeny [10]

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Parvati Biradar et.al. Genetics of Ayurveda in Infertility ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2017 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2017 | Vol. 2 | Issue 4 183 Tridosha Impact on Genetic Infertility Individual constitution is varying from person to person due to specificity of genetic code. The constitutional factors explained in Ayurveda are based on Vata, Pitta and Kapha Dosha (three humors). It mainly depends on dominant and recessive of Dosha . Dominant Dosha is responsible for the particular type of Prakruti . The dominant Dosha interference begins just from the time of fertilization i.e. during union of Shukra with Shonita , until final formation of zygote, that becomes Shukrashonitaja Prakruti (individual or personal constitution) of the progeny, the expressions are called as Doshaja Prakruti (individual or personal constitution) As per Ayurveda science the genetics of person is explained in terms of predominance of Dosha like Vata, Pitta, Kapha as Prakriti and formation of Saptadhatu (primordial tissues) with the help of Panchamahabhuta (five elemental factors) as Saara which are innate factors [11] To understand the Dosha at the minute level, and cause for the infertility, can be known by having knowledge of Doshic subtype functions. Types of Dosha Sthana (Location) Areas of functions Abnormaliti es noted on their deviation. Pranavayu, Tarpaka Kapha Murdha Uras and Kantha [12] Vitiation of these may cause the defective pulsation of H-P-O axis and GnRH abnormal function in turn leads infertility. Udanavayu Uraprades ha Nasa, Nabhi, Gala [13] The cells of the GnRH are released from the nose, which regulate the H-P-O axis. Abnormality in this process will cause infertility. Vyanavayu, Sadhaka pitta [14] and Avalambakakap ha [15] Hrudaya Sarvadeha [ 16] Soumansyan am Garbha Dharanana . If any deviations in this will be the basis for infertility. Samanavayu Pachaka Pitta Grahini nearer to Agni Koshta [17] Their vitiations result in Improper digestion and metabolism which in turnwill have effect on hormones and their functions Apanavayu Apanostit a Sroni, Basti, Medra, Uru [18] Deviation of apana vayu will cause congenital, chromosoma l, and hormonal abnormalitie s, in turn leads infertility. Since it is the prime administrato r of Garbha Samagri and Garbotpatti Sthana

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Parvati Biradar et.al. Genetics of Ayurveda in Infertility ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2017 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2017 | Vol. 2 | Issue 4 184 Ranjaka Pitta Yakrut [19] and Amashaya Circulatory system Liver will release SHBG which bind the free testosterone if this is hampered then free testosterone level will increase, and insulin resistances will occur, which cause the infertility. Panchamahabhoota Impact in Genetic Infertility Panchamahabhootas like Vaayu (air), Teja (fire), Aap (water), Pruthvi (Earth), Akasha (Atmosphere) has an very important role in the formation of Garbha since they are the primordial elements in formation of Shareera .. That is from the union of sperm and ovum to the cell division, organ formation, inturn formation of system and whole body formation ( Anga Pratyanga formation). Hence any defects in these factors of Panchamahabhootas will lead to defects in Shukra and Shonita as well in Garbha Samagri , which are carried to the offspring. “Vaayu Vibhajayati Tejam En Pachati Aap Kledayati Prutvi Samhanti Akasha Vivardayati” [20] Predominant of Panchamahabhoota Sanghatana along with six Garbhoutpadakara Bhavas will decide the Prakruti and formation of an individual body Clinical Importance of Ayurvedic Genetics in Infertility The predominant cause for infertility is vitiation of Dosha at various levels in the union of sperm and ovum, which are carried to the embryo during fertilization, apart from defects in the embryo, the reproductive parts of the progeny may also effect leading to infertility on attaining their reproductive age, which are known genetic defects. Thus, healthy Beeja, Beejabhaga and Beejabhagavayava play key role in fertility or in infertility For Diagnosis and Prognosis of infertility, having knowledge of Prakruti is very important and essential. As both the forms of Prakruti, Garbhaja and Jataja gives clues of hereditary and congenital factors leading or involved in a case of infertility either of a male or a female. By which we can easily diagnose and assess the prognosis of the case, if family history of infertility in either of the couple will positively effect on fertility rate as we see in consanguinity marriages, may be in the form of miscarriages and congenital anomalies. Thus, the knowledge of genetics is simply known by assessing the Prakriti, Saara and by Dashavidha Pariksha etc. without much paraphernalia. Now a days, as high financial involvement is in infertility treatment in modern medicine, but the same can be carried over by having knowledge of genetic defects and their encounter through Ayurveda in cheaper ways with least financial involvement. Which is highly essential and need of the day for welfare of better society with good progeny through means of Ayurveda . CONCLUSION Healthy fertilization, implantation, growth of the fetus up to 9 months and healthy progeny are depends upon many factors like Matruja Pitruja Ahara Vihara, Poorva Janmakruta Karma, Kaala, Pancha Mahabhoota, healthy reproductive organs and Shuddha Shukra and Shonita . Any defective deviation among one also leads to deformity in growth and development of fetus and have adverse effect on individual constitution. Now a day’s faulty diet habits will have harmful impact on reproductive organs, sperm and ovum in growth and development. Vitiations in these leads to congenital anomalies or genetic defects. Later these acts as principle causative factors for the infertility. Similarly, Pancha Mahabhoota’s , are primordial factors in the formation of Garbha ; any vitiation in these will directly effect on the gene mutation. Future it acts major genetic cause for infertility in the fetus in its imminent life. Hence defects in Shadbhava’s , Tridosha , Pancha

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[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Sri, Sharma, Manoj, Yadav, Gupta, Priya, Indu, Joshi, Deepika, Kumari, Nil, Med, Prasad, Nirmala]

Parvati Biradar et.al. Genetics of Ayurveda in Infertility ISSN: 2456-3110 REVIEW ARTICLE July-Aug 2017 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | July - Aug 2017 | Vol. 2 | Issue 4 185 Mahabhoota , and Garbha Sambhava Samgri will direct effect on growth and development of fetus with adverse impact on genes which will lead to genetically infertile fetus. REFERENCES 1 Vd. Harischandra Simha Kushavaha, Prof Banavarailagour, Charaka Samhita Chakrapani Virachita Ayushi Hindi Teeka Shareera Sthana 4. 2005;p.788-789. 2 Vd Yadavaji Trikamji Acharya, Prof P V Sharma, Sri Dalhanacharya virachita Sushruta Samhita Shareera Sthana 2. 2007;p.348. 3 Dr Gangasahaya Pandeya, Pt Kashinath Shastry Charaka Samhita Chakrapani Virachita Vidyotini Hindi Teeka Shareera Sthana 3. 2004;p.750. 4 Acharya Yadavaji trikamji , Charaka Samhita Chakrapani Virachita Ayurveda deepika Teeka Shareera Sthana 3. 2009;p.308. 5 Dr Manoj Nesari, Prof Vd V V Prasad Charaka Samhita Chakrapani Virachita Esana Hindi Teeka Shareera Sthana 4. 2014;p.772. 6 Vd. Harischandra Simha Kushavaha, Charaka Samhita Chakrapani Virachita Ayushi Hindi Teeka Vimana Sthana 8. 2005;p.688. 7 Kaviraja Ambikadatta Shastri, Sushruta Samhita, Ayurveda Tatwa Sandeepika Hindi commentary Shareera Sthana 4. 2006;p.37. 8 Prof Kumari Premavati Tiwari, Ayurvediya Prasooti Tantra evam Stree Roga Prathamabhaga Garbhavijaniya Adhyaya 4. 1999;p.176. 9 Prof Yadav Sharma, Vd. Harischandra Simha Kushavaha, Charaka Samhita Chakrapani Virachita Ayushi Hindi Teeka Shareera Sthana 4. 2005;p.803. 10 Prof D G Thatte, Dr Bhuvesh Gupta, Embryology in Ayurveda, Genetics in Ayurveda 8. 2011;p.174-175. 11 Prof P V Sharma, Vd Yadavaji Trikamji Acharya, Sri Dalhanacharya virachita Sushruta Samhita Shareera Sthana 4. 2007;p.362. 12 Pt. Harisadashiva Sastri Paradakara, Sri Arunadatta and Hemadri virachita Asthangha Hrudaya Sootra Sthana 12. 2007;p.193. 13 Dr Brahmanand Tripathi, Asthangha Hrudaya, Nirmala Hindi commentary, Sootra Sthana 12. 2007;p.170. 14 Dr. Shivaprasad Sharma, Sri Indu Teeka Asthangha Samgraha Sootra Sthana 20. 2006;p.97-98. 15 Prof Jyotir Mitra, Dr. Shivaprasad Sharma, Sri Indu Teeka Asthangha Samgraha Sootra Sthana 20. 2006;p.157. 16 Sri Lalchandra Vaidya, Sarvanga Sundari hindi Commentary Asthangha Hrudaya Sootra Sthana 12. 2008;p.157. 17 Prof. Pt. Harisadashiva Sastri Paradakara, Dr Annamoreshwar Kunte, Sri Arunadatta and Hemadri virachita Asthangha Hrudaya Sootra Sthana 9. 2007;p.193. 18 Dr Annamoreshwar Kunte, Pt. Harisadashiva Sastri Paradakara, Sri Arunadatta and Hemadri virachita Asthangha Hrudaya Sootra Sthana 9. 2007;p.192-193. 19 Vd Y G Joshi, Vd Priya M Nene, Ayurvediya Shareera Kriya Vijnana, Pitta Dosha, 12. 2014;p.196. 20 Dr Hemalatha Kapoorchand, A Comprehensive treatise On Prasooti Tantra, Garbhavijnaniya, 4. 2016;p.119. How to cite this article: Parvati Biradar, Mahantagouda Biradar, M. Srinivasulu. Genetics of Ayurveda in Infertility. J Ayurveda Integr Med Sci 2017;4:181-185. http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.v 2 i 4.9349 Source of Support: Nil, Conflict of Interest: None declared.

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