Analytical profile of Arka Taila - An Ayurvedic oil based medicine used in...

[Full title: Analytical profile of Arka Taila - An Ayurvedic oil based medicine used in Karnasrava (Otomycosis)]

ISSN: 2456-3110 ORIGINAL ARTICLE May-June 2017 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | May - June 2017 | Vol. 2 | Issue 3 70 Analytical profile of Arka Taila - An Ayurvedic oil based medicine used in Karnasrava (Otomycosis) Komal D. Jani, 1 Dharmendra P. Jani. 2 1 Associate Professor, Post Graduate Department of Shalakya Tantra, Parul Institute, Parul University, Vadodara, 2 Associate Professor, Post Graduate Department of Dravya Guna, J. S. Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Nadiad, Gujarat, India. I NTRODUCTION Otomycosis denotes diffuse otitis externa due to fungal infections. The fungii are usually secondary invaders of the tissue rendered susceptible by bacterial infection, physical injury or excessive accumulation of cerumen in the external auditory canal [1] Sneha Kalpanaa is a process to get the oleaginous medicinal substances. Taila Kalpana is a technique where Taila is used as a base to get properties of the herbs in the media of Sarshapa Taila. The Taila acts not only as base but also vehicle. The active constituents of the drugs are incorporated into the Address for correspondence: Dr. Komal D. Jani Associate Professor, Post Graduate Department of Shalakya Tantra, Parul Institute, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India. E-mail: drjani 13@gmail.com Submission Date : 29/05/2017 Accepted Date: 17/06/2017 Access this article online Quick Response Code Website: www.jaims.in DOI: 10.21760/jaims.v 2 i 3.8212 Taila to make the preparation therapeutically more potent Arka Taila [2] consists of three drugs which are Arka, Haridraa and Sarshapa Taila . Arka Taila [3] was prepared by general method of preparation of Taila Kalpanaa [4] in the Department of Rasashashtra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Jamnagar The proportion and properties of all the ingredients is as follow, [5] Table 1: Brief description of ingredients of Arka Taila Arka Haridraa Sarshapa Scientific name Calotropis procera Curcuma longa Brasica campestris Natural Order Asclepiadac eae. Zingiberace ae Cruciferae Part used Leaf Rhizome Seed (Oil) Rasa Katu, Tikta Tikta, Katu Katu, Tikta A B S T R A C T Otomycosis denotes diffuse otitis externa due to fungal infections. The fungii are usually secondary invaders of the tissue rendered susceptible by bacterial infection, physical injury or excessive accumulation of cerumen in the external auditory canal Karnasraava means discharge from ear which can be correlated with otorrhoea Karnasraava (discharge) is one of symptom of otomycosis Arka Taila has been mentioned in Shaarangadhara is very simple formula having ingredients i.e. Haridraa (Curcuma longa), Arka Patra Swarasa ( Calotropis procera ) and Sarshapa Taila (Brassica campetries) . The quality control parameters resulted after scientific evaluation of Arka Taila can be used as reference standard for quality control or quality assurance of a pharmaceutical industry in order to have a proper quality check over its preparation and processing. Key words: Arka Taila, Standardization, Otomycosis, Karnasrava.

Komal D. Jani et.al. Analytical profile of Arka Taila - An Ayurvedic medicine used in Karnasrava (Otomycosis) ISSN: 2456-3110 ORIGINAL ARTICLE May-June 2017 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | May - June 2017 | Vol. 2 | Issue 3 71 Guna Ruksha, Laghu, Tikshna. Ruksha, Laghu. Tikshna, Snigdha Veerya Ushna Ushna Ushna Vipaka Katu Katu Katu Doshagh nata Kaphavatas hamaka. Tridoshash amaka. Kaphavatas hamaka Table 2: Proportion of ingredients of Arka Taila SN Ingredients Quantity 1 Haridra Kalka 1/8 part 2 Sarshapa Taila 1 part 3 Arka Patra Swarasa 4 part Quality control of Arka Taila remains an unexplored issue despite of its increase in the popularity. Thus, in the present work an attempt has been made to use some newer approaches for the standardization of Arka Taila with following objectives: A IMS AND O BJECTIVES To evaluate the physicochemical and phytochemical parameters of Arka Taila M ATERIALS AND M ETHODS Selection, processing and quality evaluation of the raw materials Fresh Haridraa was collected from the vegetable market of Jamnagar, Sarshapa Taila was purchased from oil mill of Jamnagar and for Swarasa , fresh Arka Patra was collected from periphery of Jamnagar city. As identification of the raw materials used to prepare any finished product is a must, all ingredients procured through local market were authenticated by Department of Pharmacognosy, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Jamnagar Preparation of Arka Taila [6] Arka Taila was prepared according to classical reference found in one of the Ayurveda text that is Sharangdhar Samhita Madhyama Khanda chapter no. 9 Quality evaluation of Arka Taila [7] Quality of Arka Taila was analyzed by employing following quality control methods; Estimation of microbial load Microbial load estimation was done immediately after preparation of the drug Arka Taila . A. Physical Parameters [8] Specific Gravity, Refractive Index, Loss on drying were done as per standard reference of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. B. Chemical Parameters [9] Acid value, Iodine Value, Saponification Value, Unsaponifiable matter etc. were done for Arka Taila as per standard reference of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. C. Thin Layer Chromatography [10] and High Performance Thin Layer Chromatogrphy (HPTLC) [ 11] was done for the detection of active principles and marker compounds. O BSERVATIONS AND D ISSCUSSION Quality assurance is an integral part of all systems of medicine to ensure the quality medicament. Various multidisciplinary and analytical approaches such as development of SOP, preliminary phytochemical and physicochemical evaluation, chromatographic evaluation etc., have been employed and reported for the scientific evaluation of various traditional formulations. In the present research work, only suitable and available techniques were selected for the quality evaluation of Arka Taila. Qualitative tests are used to detect the presence of some major phytochemicals which play a very important role in the expression of biological activity.

Komal D. Jani et.al. Analytical profile of Arka Taila - An Ayurvedic medicine used in Karnasrava (Otomycosis) ISSN: 2456-3110 ORIGINAL ARTICLE May-June 2017 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | May - June 2017 | Vol. 2 | Issue 3 72 Various Physical and Chemical Parameters were analyzed for Arka Taila . Estimation of microbial load Estimation of microbial load was done and no microbial organisms were found in the drug. As far as physical and chemical parameters concern, following results were found, Table 3: Showing the values for Physical Parameters No. Parameters Obtained Value 1 Specific Gravity 1.04061 2 Refractive Index 1.479 3 Loss on drying 2.2% w/w Table 4: Showing the values for Chemical Parameters No. Parameters Obtained Value 1 Acid value 5.4988 2 Iodine Value 69.25% 3 Saponification Value 171.14857 4 Unsaponified matter 2.4175 Thin Layer Chromatography Rf. Value Measure and record the distance of each spot from the point of its application and calculated the Rf. value by diving the distance travelled by the spots by the distance travelled by the front of the mobile phase. Total number of obtained spots were 5 Rf. value was found as below. Results of TLC and HPTLC indicates presence of secondary metabolites of Arka (Calotropis procera) and Haridra (Curcuma longa ) in finished product Arka Taila. TLC & HPTLC Arka Taila under short and long UV radiation. Chromatographic condition Stationary phase: Silica gel G F 254 Mobile phase: Hexane: Diethyl Ether (8.7:1.3) Detection: (i) Short UV (254 nm) (ii) Long UV (366 nm) Fig. 3.1: TLC separation visualization under short UV. Fig. 3.2: TLC separation visualization under long UV. Fig. 3.3: Chromatographic separation of Arka Taila short UV Fig. 3.4: Chromatographic separation of Arka Taila long UV Fig. 3.5: Densitogram of Arka Taila under short UV Fig. 3.6: Densitogram of Arka Taila under long UV Fig. 3.7: Chromatographic separation of Arka Taila at all wavelengths. Fig. 3.8: Chromatographic separation of Arka Taila at all wavelengths.

Komal D. Jani et.al. Analytical profile of Arka Taila - An Ayurvedic medicine used in Karnasrava (Otomycosis) ISSN: 2456-3110 ORIGINAL ARTICLE May-June 2017 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | May - June 2017 | Vol. 2 | Issue 3 73 Table 5: TLC observed under UV light Solvent system No. of spots Observed under long UV (366 nm) Rf. value After spray with 10% H 2 SO 4 in Methanol Hexen : Diethyle Ether (8.7 : 1.3) 5 0.11 0.11 0.25 0.25 0.38 0.38 0.50 0.66 0.66 - High Performance Thin Layer Chromatogrphy (HPTLC) Table 6: HPTLC observed under UV Solvent system No. of spots Observed under long UV (366 nm) Rf. Value Hexen : Diethyle Ether (8.7 : 1.3) 6 0.05 0.11 0.25 0.33 0.40 CONCLUSION It can be concluded that the analytical approaches used in the present study is useful in the quality control and standardization of Arka Taila . As Arka Taila contains a wide range of phytochemical components, it is needed to validate its therapeutic utility through clinical studies on larger sample. REFERENCES 1 Otorhinolaryngology (Head and neck surgery) by John Jacob Ballenger, 15 th edition, 1996. 2 Radhakrushna Parashara. Sharangdhar Samhita Madhyama Khanda 9/144, Baidhyanath Ayurved Bhavan Publication Varanasi , edition-1 st march-1961 p.344 3 Radhakrushna Parashara. Sharangdhar Samhita Madhyama Khanda 9/144, Baidhyanath Ayurved Bhavan Publication Varanasi , edition-1 st march-1961, p.344 4 Radhakrushna parashara. Sharangdhar Samhita Madhyama Khanda 9/144; Baidhyanath Ayurved Bhavan Publication Varanasi , edition-1 st march-1961, p.344 5 Radhakrushna parashara(1961) Sharangdhar Samhita Madhyama Khanda 9/144, Bha. Ma. Kha. : 8 / 136, Bangasena : Kustharogaadhikaara : 136, G.N. Chi. Kha. Kustharogaadhikaara : 197, B. Y. : 20 / 33, B. N. : Arkaadi Taila:p.186 6 Radhakrushna parashara(1961) Sharangdhar Samhita Madhyama Khanda 9/144, Bha. Ma. Kha. : 8 / 136, Bangasena : Kustharogaadhikaara : 136, G.N. Chi. Kha. Kustharogaadhikaara : 197, B. Y. : 20 / 33, B. N. : Arkaadi Taila, p.186 7 Anonymous. 1 st edition English, New Delhi: Government Of India Ministry Of Health And Family Welfare Department Of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha And Homoeopathy, New Delhi 2008. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part II volume II ; p.156-272. 8 Anonymous. 1 st edition English, New Delhi: Government Of India Ministry Of Health And Family Welfare Department Of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha And Homoeopathy, New Delhi 2008. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part II volume II ; p.156-272. 9 Anonymous. 1 st edition English, New Delhi: Government Of India Ministry Of Health And Family Welfare Department Of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha And Homoeopathy, New Delhi 2008. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part II volume II ; p.156-272. 10 Anonymous. 1 st edition English, New Delhi: Government Of India Ministry Of Health And Family Welfare Department Of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha And Homoeopathy, New Delhi 2008. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part II volume II ; p.156-272.

Komal D. Jani et.al. Analytical profile of Arka Taila - An Ayurvedic medicine used in Karnasrava (Otomycosis) ISSN: 2456-3110 ORIGINAL ARTICLE May-June 2017 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | May - June 2017 | Vol. 2 | Issue 3 74 11 Anonymous. 1 st edition English, New Delhi: Government Of India Ministry Of Health And Family Welfare Department Of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha And Homoeopathy, New Delhi 2008. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part II volume II ; p.156-272. ******************************* How to cite this article: Komal D. Jani, Dharmendra P. Jani. Analytical profile of Arka Taila - An Ayurvedic oil based medicine used in Karnasrava (Otomycosis). J Ayurveda Integr Med Sci 2017;3:70-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.v 2 i 3.8212 Source of Support: Nil, Conflict of Interest: None declared.

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