Phamacognostical and Pharmaceutical Evaluation of Chandrashakaladi Vataka - A...

[Full title: Phamacognostical and Pharmaceutical Evaluation of Chandrashakaladi Vataka - A herbal formulation]

ISSN: 2456-3110 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Sep-Oct 2016 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Sep - Oct 2016 | Vol. 1 | Issue 3 34 Phamacognostical and Pharmaceutical Evaluation of Chandrashakaladi Vataka - A herbal formulation Akash S Changole, Mandip Goyal, 1 Harisha CR. 2 Post Graduate Scholar, 1 Associate Professor, Department of Kayachikitsa, 2 Head, Pharmacognocy Laboratory, Institute for Postgraduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India. I NTRODUCTION Ayurveda, the traditional Vedic Indian medicine is gaining popularity worldwide. The demand of herbs for therapeutic purpose is increasing day by day. In order to make sure the safe use of these medicines, as a first step it is necessary to establish the standards of authentication and quality. Herbal drugs, singularly and in combinations, contain numerous compounds in complex forms in which no single active constituent is responsible for the overall efficacy. Therefore, proper Address for correspondence: Dr. Akash S Changole Post Graduate Scholar, Dept of Kayachikitsa, IPGT & RA, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India. E-mail: aakashchangole@gmail.com Submission Date : 19/09/2016 Accepted Date: 24/10/2016 Access this article online Quick Response Code Website: www.jaims.in DOI: 10.21760/jaims.v 1 i 3.4414 identification of raw materials at the basic level with the help of microscopic and morphological characteristics is essential to maintain the 'quality control' of multi-ingredient formulations. Along with developing pharmacognostic standards, adequate analytical methods are essential to ensure the quality and standardize the prepared medicine. Chandrashakaladi Vataka [1] was prepared according to the reference taken from Ashtanga Hridaya Kushtha Chikitsa which contains Bakuchi, Chitraka, Rajani, Vidanga, Tuvaraka, Bhallataka, Haritaki, Aamalaki and Gudam. This Yoga is Kapha- Vatashamaka by Katu, Tikshana , and Ushna-Virya property of its content. Till date, no work has been done to standardize the Chandrashakaladi Vataka through Pharmacognostical and Physico-chemical parameters, hence in the present study Chandrashakadi Vataka was subjected to pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical analysis and to establish its authenticity. A B S T R A C T Background: Quality control and the standardization of herbal medicines involve steps like standard source and quality of raw materials, good manufacturing practices and adequate analytical screening. These practices play a vital role in guaranting the quality and stability of herbal preparations. Chandrashakaladi Vataka is an Ayurvedic herbal formulation mentioned to be beneficial in Kushtha . Till date no published data is available on its analytical profile. Aim: To develop the Pharmacognostical and Phyto-chemical profile of Chandrashakaladi Vataka. Material and Methods: Chandrashakaladi Vataka was prepared as per classical method and analytical findings were recorded. Samples were subjected to organoleptic analysis, physico-chemical analysis and HPTLC examination by optimizing the solvent systems. Results and Conclusions: Pharmacognostical profile of Chandrashakaladi Vataka was established. Loss on drying, Ash value, Acid insoluble extract, Methanol soluble extract, Chandrashakaladi Vataka was found within prescribed limits. HPTLC profile of Chandrashakaladi Vataka revealed 12 spots at 254 nm and 13 spots at 366 nm. Key words: Chandrashakaladi Vataka , Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical analysis, Kushtha

Akash S Changole et. al. Phamacognostical and Pharmaceutical Evaluation of Chandrashakaladi Vataka ISSN: 2456-3110 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Sep-Oct 2016 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Sep - Oct 2016 | Vol. 1 | Issue 3 35 M ATERIAL AND M ETHODS Collection of the drug Chandrashakalsaadi Vataka ingredients have been collected from the Pharmacy, G.A.U., Jamnagar. The ingredients and the part used are given in Table - 1. Table 1: Ingredients of Chandrashakaladi Vataka Drug Name Botanical Name Ratio Part Used Bakuchi Psoralia corilifolia Linn 1 part Seed Chitraka Plumbago zeylanica Linn. 1 part Bark Rajni Curcuma longa Linn 1 part Rhizome Vidanga Embeliaribes Burm.f. 1 part Fruit Tuvaraka Hydnocarpous laurifolia Linn. 1 part Seed Bhallataka Semicarpusanacardiu m Linn.f 1 part Seed Amalaki Embelica officinalis Gaertn. 1 part Fruit Haritaki Terminalia chebula Retz. 1 part Fruit Bibhitaki Terminalia belerica (Breyn.ex Gaertn. 1 part Fruit Gudam Jaggery 1 part - Pharmacognostical Evaluation As per Ayurvedic Pharmacopoea of India (API) [2] raw drugs were identified and authenticated by the Pharmacognosy Laboratory. The identification was carried out based on the organoleptic features and powder microscopy of the individual drugs. Later, pharmacognostical evaluation of Chandrashakaladi Vataka was carried out. It was studied under the Carl Zeiss Trinocular microscope attached with camera, with stain and without stain. The microphotographs were also taken under the microscope. Preparation of Chandrashakaladi Vataka Chandrashakaladi Vataka was prepared in the Pharmacy, GAU, Jamnagar. For this, in the beginning, raw materials of ingredients were taken in equal proportion as given in Ashtanga Hridaya and Vataka (pill) each of 500 mg. were made. Physico-chemical evaluation Chandrashakaladi Vataka was analysed using various standard physicochemical parameters such as Loss on drying, pH, water soluble extract, methanol soluble extract, etc. as per API at the pharmaceutical chemistry laboratory, IPGT&RA, Jamnagar. HPTLC STUDY [3] High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) is a sophisticated and automated form of TLC. HPTLC is quality assessment tool for the evaluation of botanical materials. It allows for the analysis of a broad number of compounds both efficiently and cost effectively. Additionally, numerous samples can be run in a single analysis thereby dramatically reducing analytical time. With HPTLC, the same analysis can be viewed using different wave-lengths of light thereby providing a more complete profile of the plant than is typically observed with more specific types of analyses. The details of HPTLC done on alcoholic extract of Chandrashakaladi Vataka are as follow; Mobile phase: Toluene: Ethyl acetate : Acetic acid (7:2:1) v/v. Chromatographic conditions ▪ Application mode : Camag Linomat V ▪ Development Chamber : Camag Twin trough Chamber. ▪ Plates : Precoated Silica Gel GF 254 Plates. ▪ Chamber Saturation : 30 min. ▪ Development Time : 30 min. ▪ Scanner : Camag Scanner III. ▪ Detection : Deuterium lamp, Tungstan Lamp ▪ Data System : Win cats software.

Akash S Changole et. al. Phamacognostical and Pharmaceutical Evaluation of Chandrashakaladi Vataka ISSN: 2456-3110 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Sep-Oct 2016 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Sep - Oct 2016 | Vol. 1 | Issue 3 36 Methanolic extract of finished product was spotted on pre-coated silica gel GF 60254 aluminum plate by means of Camang Linomat V sample applicator fitted with a 100 μL Hamilton syringe. Toluen e : Ethyl acetate : Acetic acid (7:2:1) was used as the mobile phase. After development, densitometric scan was performed with a Camag TLC scanner III in reflectance absorbance mode at UV detection as 254 nm and 366 nm under the control of Win CATS Software (V 1.2.1. Camag) [4] O BSERVATION AND R ESULTS Pharmacognostical evaluation Organoleptic characters Organoleptic parameters like Taste, Colour, odour and touch were scientifically studied and results are as per depicted in Table 2. Table 2: Organoleptic Characteristics of Chandrashakaladi Vataka S N Characteristics Results 1 Colour Brown 2 Odour Lightly pungent 3 Taste Sweet, bitter followed by strong pungent 4 Touch Rough, round Microscopic characters Diagnostic characters were observed under the microscope which were crystals with tannins, fibres, starch grains, stone cells and sclerites of Aamalaki . Starch with hilum concentric lines, fragments of epidermal cells and brown contents of Bakuchi . Fixedoil, oil globule, stone cells of Bhallataka . Starch, pitted stone, rosett-crystals, sclerites, trichome and tannins of Bibhitaki , cork, prismatic crystals, rhomboid crystals, lignified fibres of Chitrak . Annular vessels, oleoresin and cork in Haridra . Simple starch grains, mesocarp cells, sclerides, lignified fibres, stone cells of Haritaki . Oilglobules, scleroids, stone cells of Tuvaraka , fibres and stone cells with brown contents of Vidanga . Details of all the drugs are depicted in plates 1 and in table 1. Plate 1: Microphotographs of ingredients of Chandrashakaladi Vatak a. Aamalaki Mesocarp Crystals Sclerites Stone cells Bakuchi Starch with hilum concentric lines Fragments of epidermal cells & Fibres Bhallataka Fixed oil Stone cells

Akash S Changole et. al. Phamacognostical and Pharmaceutical Evaluation of Chandrashakaladi Vataka ISSN: 2456-3110 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Sep-Oct 2016 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Sep - Oct 2016 | Vol. 1 | Issue 3 37 Bibhitaki Pitted stone Rosette-bibi Scleride Stone Chitraka Border pitted vessel Cork Lignified fibres Prismatic crystals Tannin content Simple fibres Haridra Cork Oleoresin Starch and parenchyma Cork Haritaki Lignified fibres Mesocarp cells Stone cells Simple pitted vessels Tuvaraka

Akash S Changole et. al. Phamacognostical and Pharmaceutical Evaluation of Chandrashakaladi Vataka ISSN: 2456-3110 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Sep-Oct 2016 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Sep - Oct 2016 | Vol. 1 | Issue 3 38 Brown content Oil globules Scleroids Stone cells Vidanga Fibre Stone cells Oil globule Trichome Preliminary Physico Chemical Parameters Preliminary Physico-Chemical parameters i.e. weight, hardness, loss on drying etc. were properly studied and results are depicted in table 3. Table 3 : Preliminary Physico-chemical Parameters of Chandrashakaladi Vataka . S N Parameters Value 1 Loss on Drying 0.049 % w/w 2 Ash Value 13.15 % w/w 3 Acid Insoluble Ash 13.15 % w/w 4 Water Soluble Extract 29.5 % w/w 5 Methanol Soluble Extract 22.4 % w/w 6 pH 6.5 HPTLC Results HPTLC Results of Chandrashakaladi Vataka showed that 12 spots at 254 nm and 13 spots at 366 nm. detailed results are depicted in table 4. Table 4 : HPTLC Results of Chandrashakaladi Vataka . Sample Detection condition No. of spots Rf. value Chandrashakaladi Vataka. 254 nm 12 0.03, 0.06, 0.17, 0.23, 0.26, 0.31, 0.40, 0.44, 0.51, 0.60, 0.79, 0.88. 366 nm 13 0.03, 0.07, 0.11, 0.16, 0.24, 0.28, 0.32, 0.45, 0.52, 0.60, 0.71, 0.79, 0.87. DISCUSSION Pharmacognostical evaluation showed that the formulation contains all the ingredients which were observed in the microscopical characters, this shows purity and quality of the product. Phytochemical analysis showed that material gains moisture during storage, which eventually may affect the quality of product. Here, average value of Loss on drying (LOD) was found within normal limits (0.049 % w/w), which indicates prompt care was taken during packaging and storage of product. The obtained values of these tests were found within normal limits in Chandrashakaladi Vataka , which indicate good quality of product. The pH value of the compound was found to be 6.5 and the acid insoluble ash constituted 13.15% w/w. The water soluble extract was found to be 29.5% w/w and methanol soluble extract was found 22.4% w/w.

Akash S Changole et. al. Phamacognostical and Pharmaceutical Evaluation of Chandrashakaladi Vataka ISSN: 2456-3110 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Sep-Oct 2016 Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Sep - Oct 2016 | Vol. 1 | Issue 3 39 HPTLC results showed that the 12 spots at 254 nm and 13 spots at 366 nm. CONCLUSION Pharmacognostical and phyto-chemical evaluation of Chandrashakaladi Vataka illustrated the specific characters of ingredients which were used in the preparation. Physico-chemical profile is an essential parameter for quality assurance; in present work the obtained results were found within prescribed limits. For the first time, pharmaceutical and analytical profile of Chandrashakaladi Vataka was established. On the basis of observations and experimental results, this study may be used as reference standard in the further quality control researches. REFERENCES 1 Anna Moreshwara Kunte. Ashtang Hridaya. Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi. 2003:714. 2 Anonymous, The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, 1 st Edition, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Part I, Vol. I 1999. 3 http://www.camag.com/en/tlc_hptlc/what_is_tlchptlc. cfm. 4 Stahl E. Thin layer chromatography a laboratory hand book. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1969:125-41. ********************************* How to cite this article: Akash S Changole, Mandip Goyal, Harisha CR. Phamacognostical and Pharmaceutical Evaluation of Chandrashakaladi Vataka - A herbal formulation J Ayurveda Integr Med Sci 2016;3:34-39 http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.v 1 i 3.4414 Source of Support: Nil, Conflict of Interest: None declared.

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