Netra Putpaka Kriya Kalpa: An Ayurvedic Perspective on Ocular Treatment

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Gap, Carry, Netra, Modern, Plant, Less, Doi, Class, Ball, Form, India, Vata, Scholar, Renu, Unique, Key, Care, Body, Final, Closed, Vital, Show, Acharya, Gulab, Time, Eye, Yoga, Organ, February, Eyes, Chand, Data, Under, Rasa, Year, Sense, Bridge, Meena, Open, Manner, Vardhan, Novo, Table, Knowledge, Pitta, Author, Wider, Prabhakar, Study, Strong, Manners, Rajasthan]

© 2024 Renu Meena, et al . This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ) REVIEW ARTICLE Netra Putpaka Kriya Kalpa: An Ayurvedic Perspective on Ocular Treatment Renu Meena 1 , Prabhakar Vardhan 2 , Gulab Chand Pamnani 3 1 PG Scholar Final Year, Department of Shalakya Tantra, National Institute of Ayurveda ( De-Novo ), Jaipur, Rajasthan, India 2 Associate Professor, Department of Shalakya Tantra, National Institute of Ayurveda ( De-Novo ), Jaipur, Rajasthan, India 3 Professor, Department of Shalakya Tantra, National Institute of Ayurveda ( De-Novo ), Jaipur, Rajasthan, India ABSTRACT Introduction: The Ayurvedic Acharya , in the Samhita , highlighted the significance of the eye as a vital organ ( Saravendranam Nayam Pradhanam ). This study focuses on the Ayurvedic approach to ocular health, with an emphasis on the Kriyakalpa therapy for Netra Rogas , particularly the method of Putapaka Methods: Acharya Sushruta advocated Putapaka as a key therapy for ocular conditions, integrating Tarpana and Putapaka Rasa in a unique manner. The method, described as considerably altered, is recommended for kapha - dominant conditions but adaptable for vata and pitta imbalances. This article explores the Netra Putpaka Kriyakalpa , drawing insights from Ayurvedic texts for its detailed description Results: Netra Putpaka emerges as a crucial therapeutic approach for eye diseases, emphasizing its efficacy in Ayurvedic ocular care. Despite being time-consuming and less commonly practiced by Shalakya professionals, its importance in treating various ocular conditions is underscored Discussion: This article aims to bridge the gap between traditional Ayurvedic knowledge and contemporary scientific understanding. By sharing efficient methods for preparing Putapaka Rasa, the study emphasizes the relevance of Netra Putpaka in ocular treatment, providing valuable insights for the wider scientific community Conclusion: Netra Putpaka Kriyakalpa stands out as a valuable Ayurvedic therapeutic modality for diverse eye conditions. This exploration contributes to the integration of traditional Ayurvedic practices into modern healthcare, promoting a holistic approach to ocular health 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Netra Kriyakalpa’s Kriyakalpa literally means treatment; however, in the sense of ocular therapies, Kriyakalapa refers to the methods in which various medications are applied in and around the eye ball as a treatment mechanism. These procedures promote the strengthening of the eye’s healthy function and help to treat illnesses. The only organ in the body that receives a separate form of treatment, such as Kriyakalpa as a Bahyaparimarjan Chikitsa , is the eye. The foundation of Kayachikitsa is Panchakarma, while the foundation of Netrachikitsa is Netra Kriyakalpas . These specific treatments are unique and carry out their functions in various manners [1] In the Shalakya tantra, Kriyakalpa is the primary method of treating eye disorders. The words “ Kriya ” and “ Kalpa ,” which combine to form the term “ Kriyakalpa ,” are two unique and different words. Kriya denotes treatment techniques,whereas Kalpa denotes a particular drug or formulation. The types of KriyaKalpa are mentioned in Table 1. The types of Putapaka are depicted in Table 2 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Topical administration of extracts derived from plant medicines, animal tissues, mineral drugs, and lipids is done by heating their admixture (paste) in a closed chamber. As in Tarpana, this extract is kept on the eyes Pippalyadi Putapaka -retinitis pigmentosa ( Sleshmavidagdha Dristi ) International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga Vol. 7(2), pp. 41-44, February, 2024 Available online at http://irjay.com ISSN: 2581-785 X DOI: 10.48165/IRJAY.2024.70208 ARTICLE INFO Article history: Received on: 18-12-2023 Accepted on: 5-02-2024 Published online: 29-02-2024 Key words : Kriya kalpa, Netra putpak, Ocular tarpana Corresponding Author: Renu Meena, PG Scholar Final Year, Department of Shalakya Tantra, National Institute of Ayurveda (De-Novo), Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Email: drrenumeenania 8@gmail.com

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Dosha, Priyadarshini, Human, Local, Masha, Delivery, Dung, Juice, Ready, Wood, Net, Hot, Cure, Kumar, Fruit, Masa, Anjana, Share, Original, Dry, Size, Vidhi, High, Get, Age, Era, Patient, Days, Pala, Drops, Post, Last, Red, Nil, Aid, Cold, Mud, Arka, Cow, Hindi, Hina, Superior, Sincere, Bahya, Case, Milk, Kind, Goal, Ghee, Heat, Ghi, Target, Noble, Roga, Weight, Since, None, Principal]

Meena, et al .: Netra Putpaka Kriya Kalpa 2024; 7(2):41-44 42 Krushnadi Putapaka-lekhana (scraping properties)-corneal opacity [5] The Putapaka technique and indications are similar to Tarpana. However, there are differences in the components, formulation, and duration of the medication. The ingredients utilized to create the medicine (swarasa) using Putapaka vidhi are two pala, Masa (about 100 g), one pala dravya (about 50 g), and eight pala drava (about 400 mL) [6] Putapaka should be performed in the case of the mentioned disorders since, similar to how the body becomes exhausted after Snehana therapy, the eyes become fatigued after Tarpana therapy 2.1. Indications: Table 3 [7,8] The indications are identical to Tarpana. According to Acharya Sushsru ta and Acharya Vagbhatta are as mentioned in Table 3 2.2. Contraindication • During foggy days • During extremely hot or cold weather • When feeling anxious or worried • When experiencing acute discomfort • When experiencing eye fatigue • When experiencing ocular problems • When experiencing any kind of inflammation in the eyes 2.3. Hina and Atiyoga Chikitsa Anjana, Aschyotana , and Swedana (based on vitiated Doshas) [10] The Lakshana of Samyak Yoga, Hina Yoga and Atiyoga are depicted in Table 4 2.4. Classical Method for Preparation of Putapakarasa Fresh animal meat and herbs (each the size of a bilva fruit) were crushed, made into a paste with dravadravya (such as milk, ghrita , and kashaya ), wrapped in medicinal leaves ( Arka/Erananda/vata/ kamalini ), and heated over dried cow dung or Dhava wood. After reaching a red-hot temperature, the medicinal ball was cooled, mud removed, juice extracted, and filtered, and it was now ready for use [3] Post- tarpana, Putapaka minimizes side effects and independently treats chronic inflammations, eye irritations, and ulcers. The heat during Putapaka enhances medicine efficacy by reaching inner eye layers, maintaining contact with the epithelium, and transferring essential elements. Medicinal action clears eye channels, boosts circulation, stimulates cells, and eliminates dirt and dead cells 2.5. Advantage of Putpaka The medications avoid systemic metabolism by acting directly on the tissues of the eyes. Monitoring contact time improves efficacy and facilitates high-bioavailability medication delivery to the target tissue [1] 3. DISCUSSION In the modern era, lifestyle disorders often result from smoking, drug and alcohol misuse, inactivity, and unhealthy eating patterns. They are responsible for several different ophthalmological problems such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, cataract, retinal vein occlusion disease, and dry eye. The only local treatments available for Morden medication are eye drops and eye ointments. Most of the eye drops contain preservatives that can cause redness, irritation, dryness, and corneal haziness. To avoid all such problems and side effects and get more effective results for the eyes, Kriyakalpas are the primary source of treatment in Ayurveda . Any pharmacotherapeutic’s primary goal is to achieve an effective concentration at the site of action for sufficient time to cause a reaction. This is to achieve the desired concentration and efficacy. Various formulations of Putapaka Rasa can be used based on patient needs. Putapaka is essential to aid the absorption of Grita (Ghee) after Tarpana . Therapeutic concentration in the process depends on drug concentration, tissue contact time, molecular weight, drug absorption, and bioavailability 4. CONCLUSION Ensure the protection of your vision, recognizing the eyes as the most crucial and noble sense organ in the human body. Preserve it throughout your lifetime through sincere efforts. As we understand, prevention is superior to cure. Putapaka holds a significant position among all Kriyakalpas , serving as an immensely effective and valuable procedure. It operates on the principle of Bahya Snehana , rejuvenating and relieving ocular stress and allowing the eyes to function more efficiently. To contribute to the preservation of Putapaka , it is imperative for all Shalakya professionals to regularly practice this beneficial procedure 5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS None 6. AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS All the authors contributed equally in design and execution of the article 7. FUNDING Nil 8. ETHICAL APPROVALS This study not required ethical clearance as it is review study 9. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Nil 10. DATA AVAIBALITY This is an original manuscript and all data are available for only review purposes from principal investigators 11. PUBLISHERS NOTE This journal remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliation REFERENCES 1. Kumar S. Netra Putpaka Kriyakalpa in Netra roga - A Literature Review. EPRA J 2018;4:226 2. Kriyakalp As Shantala Priyadarshini 1207- Slide Share. Available from: https://www.slideshare.net/shantalapriyadarsini/kriya-kalpas [Last accessed on 2015 Apr 02] 3. Sashtri AD. Uttartantra, Kriyakalapa. In: Sushruta Samhita of Maharishi Sushruta, Edited with Ayurveda-Tatva Sandipika, Hindi

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Upadhyaya, Cite, Book, Tripathi, Part, Link, Dipika, Suja]

Meena, et al .: Netra Putpaka Kriya Kalpa 2024; 7(2):41-44 43 Commentary. Vol. 1 and 2., Ch. 18. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan; 2012 4. Tripathi B. Sharangadhra acharya. Sarangadhara samhitha Containing Anjananida of Maharshi Agnivesha Annoted with Dipika Hindi Commentary. Vol. 282. Varanasi: Chowkambha Surbharathi Prakashana; 2018. p. 56 5. Available from: https://www.slideshare.net/prasantasahoo 3/oculartherapeutics-and-kriyakalpa-in-ayurveda 6. Suja K. A Text Book of Shalakya Tantra Part 1. 1 st ed. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Orientalia; 2016. p. 59 7. Sashtri AD. Sushruta uttartantra 18/17. In: Sushruta Samhita of Maharishi Sushruta, Edited with Ayurveda Tatva Sandipika, Hindi Commentary. Vol. 2. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Orientalia; 2012. p. 94 8. Upadhyaya Y. Sutrasthan 24/1-3. In: Ashtang Hridya of Vagbhatta, Edited with the Vidyotini Hindi Commentary. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Orientalia; 2012. p. 94 9. Sashtri A. Sushruta Samhita of Maharishi Sushruta, Edited with Ayurveda-Tatva Sandipika, Hindi Commentary. Vol. 2. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan; 2012. p. 95 10. Sashtri AD. Sushruta uttartantra 18/13. In: Sushruta Samhita of Maharishi Sushruta, Edited with Ayurveda-Tatva Sandipika, Hindi Commentary. Vol. 2. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan; 2012. p. 94 How to cite this article: Meena R, Vardhan P, Pamnani GC. Netra Putpaka Kriya Kalpa : An Ayurvedic Perspective on Ocular Treatment. IRJAY. [online] 2024;7(2);41-44 Available from : https://irjay.com DOI link- https://doi.org/10.48165/IRJAY.2024.70208

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Acc, Syanda, Meda, Day, Edema, Seka, Madhura, Pain, Tamra, Vasa, Avila, Prakash, Front, Sleep, Ability, Maja, Madhu, Foreign, Pindi, Arjuna, Tama, Comfort, Colors, Light, Bright, Good, Medas]

Meena, et al .: Netra Putpaka Kriya Kalpa 2024; 7(2):41-44 44 Table 4: Samyaka, Atiyoga, and Hinayoga Lakshana [9] Samyaka lakshana same as tarpana [6] Atiyoga lakshana Hinayoga lakshana • Sukhaswapana : good (sound) sleep • Avbodhatva : blissful awakening • Vaishadhya : Clearness of the eyes • Varnapatava : Discernment of individual colors • Nivriti : feeling of comfort • Vyadhividhvansa : Cure of the Disease • Kriya laghava : ease in closing and opening the eyes • Prakash kshamatva : ability to withstand bright light • Pain • Oedema, • Nodular swelling, • Timira, • Muddy eyes, • Foreign body sensations • Throbbing sensations, etc • Inflammation, • Excessive lacrimation • Recurrence of symptoms and aggravation of Doshas Table 2: Types (Acc to action of the drugs used) Acc. to Sushruta 3 types Snehana, Lekhana, Ropana According to Vagbhata 3 types Snehana, Lekhana, Prsasadan Types drugs Indications (dosha) Duration Matrakala Snehana Anupa Mamsa, Vasa, Majja, Meda, and Madhura Ausadha Vata pradhana Disorders 1 day 100 Lekhana Jangala mamsa, trikatu, lauha, tamra, shankha, praval, saindhava, etc. Kapha pradhana disorders 2 days 200 Ropana Jangala mamsa, madhu, ghrita, tikta dravyas, etc. Pitta-Rakta Pradhana diseases 3 days 300 Prsasadan Madhura dravya, mrig pakshi yakrita, maja, vasa, stanya sadhita ghrita, etc. In weakness of eyes, Vata, pitta and Rakta Disorders, For healthy persons 3 days 300 Table 3: Indication and contraindication: Identical to Tarpana (acc Acharya sushruta ) [3] (Acc. Acharya Vagbhata ) [4] • When a patient perceives Tama in front of their eyes • Netra Vishushkata • Daruna Netra • Sheerna Pakshm • Kathina Vartma • Stabdha Netrata • Avila Netrata • Deviated eyeball or squint • Vata Pitta predominant diseases • Kricchronmilana • Siraharsha • Sirotpata • Tama • Arjuna • Syanda • Adhimantha • Anyatovat • Vataparyaya • Avrana Shukra • Naktandhya Table 1: Types [2-4] Name of acharyas Types Name According to Charak [2] 3 Aschyotana, Anjana vidalaka According to Sushruta [3] 5 Seka, Tarpana, Putapaka, Aschyotana, Anjana According to Vagbhata 6 Seka, Aschyotana, Bidalaka, Anjana, Tarpana, Putapaka According to Sharangadara [4] 7 Seka, Tarpana, Putapaka, Aschyotana, Anjana, Pindi, Vidalaka