Analysis of Vatavyadhi Samprapti – A Practical Perspective

© 2024 Sarita Mohanta and Arun Kumar Das. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ) REVIEW ARTICLE Analysis of Vatavyadhi Samprapti – A Practical Perspective Sarita Mohanta 1 * , Arun Kumar Das 2 1 Professor and Head, Department of Roga Nidana Evam Vikriti Vigyan, GAC and H, Balangir, Odisha, India 2 Principal, GAM, Puri, Odisha, India ABSTRACT Introduction: Ayurveda is one of the oldest medical systems comprising numerous medical concepts and hypotheses. Vatavyadhi is an important chapter described in all Samhitas. Vatavyadhi patients are increasing in day-to-day practice, so a clear understanding is necessary on its pathogenesis. Vatavyadhi occurs due to vitiation of Vatadosha . Vayu gets vitiated due to numerous factors staring from diet to various habits, used medicines, environmental changes, etc. Inside body Vayu gets vitiated and produces diseases either due to Dhatukshaya or Margavarodha Materials and Methods : To analyze the Samprati (Pathogenesis) of Vatavyadhi from various Samhitas , contexts and the views of researchers are taken into consideration as method of the review Discussion and Conclusion: Vatavyadhi is a group of special diseases which is produced due to aggravate Vata Due to different etiological factors, Vata Prakopa occurs through Dhatukshaya and Margavarodha process which later produce Vatavyadhi . These pathological processes may be regarded as Vishista Samprati (Pathogenesis) of Vatavyadhi . During pathogenesis annoyed Vata may assemble with Pitta and Kapha, leading to modification of clinical features 1. INTRODUCTION Ayurveda emphasizes on both stages of body, that is, health and disease. Vata, Pitta, and Kapha are responsible for both health and disease formation. Among Tridoshas Vata obtains the regulatory function on other Doshas and it is the driving force for other Doshas. [1] For this specialty, the diseases produced due to Vatadosha are of typical character and need special management. Among three Doshas, highest number of diseases produced due to Vata only and known as Nanatmaka Vatavyadhi , which are of 80 numbers [2] Along with 80 numbers of Nanatmaka Vatavyadhi , it produces innumerable diseases in combination with other Doshas . Brihatrayee and Laghutrayees describe special chapters on Vatavyadhi which emphasize the supremacy of Vatadosha [3] Vata has the capacity to produce disease in a single part of body or in the entire body at the same time. It may produce acute disease or chronic disease. In today’s practice, we come across various Vatavyadhi patients in OPD, IPD, and Clinics. To provide a better management protocol, it becomes utmost important to understand the Samprapti (pathogenesis) of various Vatavyadhi Corresponding Author: Prof. Dr. Sarita Mohanta, Professor and Head, Department of Roga Nidana Evam Vikriti Vigyan, GAC and H, Balangir, Odisha, India. Mobile: +91-8144848636. Email: sagar.siba 2010@gmail.com 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Vatavyadhi is a group of diseases caused by vitiated Vata . In Madhava Nidana, three definitions found for Vatavyadhi like “ Vata itself is a Vyadhi /the diseases caused by Vata are called Vatavyadhi /the uncommon or special diseases which are produced due to vitiated Vata are called Vatavyadhi ”. Among these three explanations, the last one is the most influential definition for Vatavyadhi 2.1. NIDANA The etiology of Vatavyadhi is attributed to a range of dietary factors, different habits, psychological factors, inappropriate postures, chronic diseases, improper administration of Sodhana (Purification) therapies, excessive elimination of Doshas, Ama , injuries, fractures, exposure to cold and rain, etc [4] 2.2. SAMPRAPTI For the production of Vatavyadhi, there should be vitiation of Vata or presence of Vikruta Vata (Vitiated Vata ). The vitiation of Vayu occurs either in the Guna (Characters) or in Karma (Functions) or in both. There may be depletion or enhancement in the properties of Vata . This vitiated Vata leads to vitiation of other doshas, residing Dhatus and Srotas (Channels) which ultimately gets vitiated [5] International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga Vol. 7(1), pp. 66-68, January, 2024 Available online at http://irjay.com ISSN: 2581-785 X DOI: 10.47223/IRJAY.2024.70111 ARTICLE INFO Article history: Received on: 10-11-2023 Accepted on: 02-01-2024 Published on: 31-01-2024 Key words : Avarana, Dhatukshaya, Margavarodha, Samprati (Pathogenesis), Vatavyadhi

Mohanta and Das : Vatavyadhi Samprapti 2024; 7(1):66-68 67 During the description of Samprati (Pathogenesis) of Vatavyadhi, both Acharya Charaka and Acharya Vagabhatta depicted Dhatukshaya and Margavarodha [6,7] The main function of Dhatu is Dehadharana . Dhatu in its excellent form is called as Dhatusara . However, due to the above-mentioned etiologies, there is a chance of Dhatukshaya, that is, depletion of Dhatus qualitatively and quantitatively. This depletion of Dhatu leads to the formation of Riktasthana or porous places in Dhatu . These empty places get occupied by Vayu, leading to further destruction of Dhatu . Dhatukshaya leads to Vataparakopa and Vataprakopa leads to Dhatukshaya . In this process, the clinical manifestation differs in patients depending on the etiologies and location of Khavaigunya or Srotoriktata [5] In Ardita, severely aggravated Vayu dries up the blood, hand, leg, and knee and produces contracture either in half of the body or in half of face [8] In Bahirayama, aggravated Vayu dries up the external vessels present in back and carotid regions [9] In Akshepaka, Ekangaroga and Sarvangaroga drying up of ligaments, tendons and vessels take place [8,9] Vatavyadhi also occurs due to complication of other chronic diseases [9] Chronic diseases lead to Dhatukshaya and provocation of Vata . As a result, there is production of Vatavyadhi Vata also gets aggravated by occlusion of channels. Vata, Pitta, and Kapha move in all the channels of the body. Due to subtleness, Vayu provokes the other two Doshas . Vitiated Vayu aggravates, other doshas carry them to different places and produce different diseases due to obstruction in passages along with drying up Rasadi Dhatu [1] As per the location of obstruction in channels, clinical features show a discrepancy in patients. In Adhmana, there is obstruction of Vayu leading to extensive distension of abdomen associated with gurgling sound and severe pain [10] In Manyastambha, neck becomes stiff and painful due to Kapha Avrita Vata [11] In Mooka , Minmina, and Gadgada (different speech disorders), Vayu gets obstructed or covered by Kaphadosha and produces derangements in speech channels [12] Furthermore, in Samhitas, 42 types of Avarana are described. Here Vata gets covered by different factors such as Pitta, Kapha, Rakta, Mamsa, Meda , Asthi, Majja, Sukra, Anna, Mutra, and Purisha . Apart from these substances, Vata also can be covered by its subtypes which are mentioned as Anonya-avarana [13] Dalhana reveals that when two types of Vata face each other the stronger one diminishes the function of weaker Vayu . Avarana pathogenesis process also seen in some other diseases such as Hrutshoola, Sakhashrita Kamala, Gulma, and Mada Moorchha Sanyasa [14] Along with Dhatukshaya and Margavarodha causes, Vayu also gets aggravated due to external injuries which is mentioned as Marmabadha [15] Marmabadha may turn into either Dhatukshaya or Margavarodha and generate Vatavyadhi 3. DISCUSSION Due to different etiological factors, Vata Prakopa occurs through Dhatukshaya and Margavarodha process which later produce Vatavyadhi . These pathological processes may be regarded as Vishista Samprati (Pathogenesis) of Vatavyadhi . Acute conditions of Dhatukshaya and Margavarodha do not require going through Samchaya , Prakopa, and Prasara . Instead, there is direct Sthanasamshrya and Vyakta stage within a short period, leading to appearance of disease. However, when the process of Dhatukshaya and Margavarodha is slow and chronic inside body, though there is Vata Prakopa but it is insufficient to produce the clinical features of Vatavyadhi . As per Maharshi Charak, there is no Poorvarupa stage in Vatavyadhi and it is always in Vyakta stage [16] It is possible to get the conclusion that vitiated Vata can result in a variety of ailments, depending on the Hetu, impacted Ashaya (location), Dhatu (body tissue), and Indriya (sensing organ or motor organ), after critically examining the numerous Vatavyadhis from Charak Samhita. Eightyone Vata Vyadhi were recruited by Charak Samhita. When discussing the number of Vata Vikaras, “Ayurvedipika ” states that the Ashiti numbers are primarily the result of Vata Vyadhi and are only a representation of Aparisankhyeatva (innumerable)36. While there are countless ailments induced by it, beginning with Nakhabheda (nail splitting), the eighty primary diseases described in Sutra Samatha hold significant importance [17] Vata is a Gatyatmak Dosha , which means that because of its own subtypes or another Dosha or Dhatu, its Gati may become clogged. Gati Vriddhi, Akarmanyata, and Gati changes are noted in the pathophysiology of several diseases in Vatadosha. Certain disorders exhibit an increase in Rukshata, Parushata, Kharata, and Shitata , similar to Gunatmak Vruddhi [18] Hence, Dosha is in a restrained condition inside body during Samchaya , Prakopa, and Prasara stages in Vatavyadhi . Furthermore, some authors divide Vatavyadhi into two separate units of Dhatukshaya and Margavarodha. However, Samprati (Pathogenesis) is a continuous process. There may be chances of amalgamation between these pathological processes making the disease more complicated 4. CONCLUSION Vatavyadhi is a group of special diseases which are produced due to aggravate Vata . During pathogenesis, annoyed Vata may assemble with Pitta and Kapha, leading to modification of clinical features. Dhatukshaya and Margavarodha are the two pathological processes along with causes that produce Vataprakopa and simultaneously Vatavyadhi . All three Doshas reside in the body, and an imbalance can result in either a state of health or disease. In its normal state, vata preserves the body’s entire system. It carries out a wide range of bodily functions, assists sense organs in gathering data, and regulates the mind. As a result, the Vata Dosha system’s functions align with those of the neurological system as well as those of the systems that regulate, signal, conduct, and control information within the body. The twenty-chapter of the Sutra Sthan of the Charak Samhita and Maharoga Adhyaya discusses Nanatmajavikara and Chikitsa . The disorders known as nanatmajavikara are brought on by the involvement of just one dosha. The physician should take prime care during diagnosis of Vatavyadhi and trace out Dhatukshaya/ Margavarodha /combination of both. Vatavyadhi may also produce as a complication of other chronic diseases. By diagnosing these, the physician can prepare a successful management protocol. In Dhatukshaya conditions, correction of vitiated Vata and correction of imbalanced Dhatus should be done, whereas in Margavarodha conditions care should be taken to remove the obstruction and correct the direction of flow of Vata 5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS None 6. AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS All the authors contributed equally in design and execution of the article 7. FUNDING Nil.

Mohanta and Das : Vatavyadhi Samprapti 2024; 7(1):66-68 68 8. ETHICAL APPROVALS This study not required ethical clearance as it is a review study 9. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Nil 10. DATA AVAILABILITY This is an original manuscript and all data are available for only review purposes from principal investigators 11. PUBLISHERS NOTE This journal remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliation REFERENCES 1. Sharma PV. Chikitsasthana vatavyadhichikitsa 28/15-18. In: Charak Samhita. 6 th ed., Vol. 2. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Orientalia; 2001. p. 462 2. Tripathy B. Vimana sthana 5/9. In: Charak Samhita. Vol. 1. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan; 2013. p. 698 3. Sharma PV. Chikitsasthana vatavyadhichikitsa 28/59. In: Charak Samhita. 6 th ed., Vol. 2. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Orientalia; 2001. p. 467 4. Tripathy B. Vagabhata 15/5-6. In: Ashtanga Hridaya. 9 th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Orientalia; 2005. p. 956 5. Shastri AD. Sutra sthana 24/19. In: Susruta Samhita, Part 1. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan; 2010. p. 133 6. Sharma PV. Chikitsasthana vatavyadhichikitsa 28/38-39. In: Charak Samhita. 6 th ed., Vol. 2. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Orientalia; 2001. p. 464 7. Sharma PV. Chikitsasthana vatavyadhichikitsa 28/45-46. In: Charak Samhita. 6 th ed., Vol. 2. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Orientalia; 2001. p. 465 8. Sharma PV. Chikitsasthana vatavyadhichikitsa 28/50. In: Charak Samhita. 6 th ed., Vol. 2. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Orientalia; 2001. p. 466 9. Sharma PV. Chikitsasthana vatavyadhichikitsa 28/53-55. In: Charak Samhita. 6 th ed., Vol. 2. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Orientalia; 2001. p. 466 10. Sharma PV. Chikitsasthana vatavyadhichikitsa 28/60. In: Charak Samhita. 6 th ed., Vol. 2. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Orientalia; 2001. p. 467 11. Shastri A. Nidana sthana 1/88. In: Susruta Samhita, Part 1. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan; 2010. p. 305 12. Shastri A. Nidana sthana 1/67. In: Susruta Samhita, Part 1. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan; 2010. p. 303 13. Shastri AD. Nidana sthana 1/85. In: Susruta Samhita, Part 1. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan; 2010. p. 305 14. Sharma PV. Chikitsasthana vatavyadhichikitsa 28/18. In: Charak Samhita. 6 th ed., Vol. 2. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Orientalia; 2001. p. 462 15. Acharya YT. Chikitsa sthana 17, Hikka-shwasa chikitsa, verse 17-18. In: Charak Samhita of Agnivesha, revised by Charak and Dridhabala with Ayurved Dipika Vyakha of Chakrapanidatta. 4 th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan; 1994. p. 533 16. Abhimanyu SM. Amarakosa of Shri Amarasinha with Hindi Translation ‘Dhara, Dwitiya Kanda, 9-Vaishya Varga, Verse 115. Varanasi: Chowkhambha Vidya Bhavan; 1995. p. 194 17. Dwivedi L. Uttartantra adhaya 42, gulmapratishedh, verse 73-76. In: Bhishagratna KK, Transl. Susruta Samhita. 1 st ed. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series Office; 1999. p. 436 18. Sharma P. Sutrasthana 17, Aampakwaaishaniya adhyaya, verse 7. In: Sushruta Samhita of Sushruta with English Translation and Dalhana’s Commentary along with Critical Notes on Sutrasthana. 1 st ed. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Vishvabharati; 1999. p. 189 How to cite this article: Mohanta S, Das AK. Analysis of Vatavyadhi Samprapti – A Practical Perspective. IRJAY. [online] 2024;7(1);66-68 Available from : https://irjay.com DOI link - https://doi.org/10.47223/IRJAY.2024.70111