Traditional Sutika Paricharya Practices Prevalent in Kozhikode District of...

[Full title: Traditional Sutika Paricharya Practices Prevalent in Kozhikode District of Kerala]

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[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Aravind, Aswathy, Kala]

© 2023 P. Aswathy and S. Aravind. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY NC ND) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ) REVIEW ARTICLE Traditional Sutika Paricharya Practices Prevalent in Kozhikode District of Kerala P. Aswathy 1 , S. Aravind 2 1 PhD Scholar, Department of Rogavijnana and Vikritivijnana, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India 2 Medical Officer, Department of Indian Systems of Medicine, Government of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India ABSTRACT Introduction : Motherhood is the most gifted prize in the world as it is the means of transfer of human generation. Sutika kala (period of puerperium) is the period of happiness as well as the period of complications also. The puerperium is the period from the end of the third stage of labor until most of the patient’s organs have returned to the pre-pregnant state. Proper paricharya is necessary for the maintenance of the health of the puerperal women. There are some traditional practices for the health promotion of Sutika which are prevalent in Kozhikode district of Kerala. The objective of this study is to reveal the scientific background of the traditional Sutika paricharya practices prevalent in Kozhikode Materials and Methods: The data regarding the Sutika paricharya were collected from the Ayurvedic practitioners from Kozhikode through a Telephonic Survey with the help of a structured questionnaire. Data will be analyzed scientifically and conclusions will be drawn Results and Discussion : The Traditional Sutika Paricharya practices prevalent in Kozhikode district of Kerala includes the use of Nadi Kashaya, Arista, Nalpamaradi Vethuvellam (water used for bath prepared from Nalpamaradi drugs), Mukkudi, Ullichoru (special rice prepared with onion and its varieties), Pettu lehyam, Thengin pookkuladi lehyam (Avaleha prepared with Inflorescence of coconut), and Navadhanya powder . The details regarding its preparation, uses, effects, and its scientific background were validated and conclusions were drawn Conclusion: The time-tested and validated scientific practices should be added and updated to the knowledge database of Sutika practices in the Ayurveda system in India 1. INTRODUCTION Motherhood is the most gifted prize in the world as it is the means of transfer of human generation. The word “Sthree” is derived from the root word “Strayate ” which means Sabda/Sanghata. Sthree is one who produces loud sounds during Prasava (delivery). Sthree is one in which Sukra-sonita samyoga is happening Sutika Kala is the period of motherhood extending for 1½ months after childbirth. The puerperium is the period from the end of the third stage of labor until most of the patient’s organs have returned to the pre-pregnant state [1] Corresponding Author: P. Aswathy, PhD Scholar, Department of Rogavijnana and Vikritivijnana, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Email: draswathy 1990@gmail.com 1.1. Sutika Kala as per Various Acaryas Acarya Charaka has not given any specific duration [2] Acarya Sushrut and Vagbhata, explained sutika kala for 1½ months or until she gets her first menstruation after delivery, and in case of mudha garbha 4 months, can be considered as sutika kala [3,4] Kashyapa mentioned sutika kala as 6 months. Bhavaprakash and Yogratnakar describes sutika kala for 1½ months or after the restoration of menstrual cycle and after that she can be free from sutika paricarya [5,6] In case of complicated labor only after the subsidence of complication she should be free from sutika paricarya . The term sutika is used after the expulsion of placenta ( Apara ) in all classics [7] Sutika kala is the period of happiness as well as the period of complications also. After delivery sareera becomes weak lean due to development of fetus and also cause unsteadiness of all dhatus , excreation of kleda due to labour pain, and loss of blood during delivery. Soothika paricharya International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga Vol. 6(11), pp. 30-34, November, 2023 Available online at http://irjay.com ISSN: 2581-785 X DOI: 10.47223/IRJAY.2023.61106 ARTICLE INFO Article history: Received on: 10-9-2023 Accepted on: 06-11-2023 Published on: 30-11-2023 Key words : Mukkudi, Nadi Kashaya, Navadhanya powder, Sutika paricharya, Ullichoru

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[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Cool, Pal, Candy, Low, Red, Honey]

Aswathy and Aravind: Sutika Paricharya Practices Prevalent in Kozhikode 2023; 6(11):30-34 31 helps to replace those lost things and gain pre-pregnancy stage [8] Proper paricharya is necessary for the maintenance of the health of the puerperal women. There are some traditional practices for the health promotion of Sutika which are prevalent in Kozhikode district of Kerala. This study aims to explore these traditional Sutika Paricharya practices prevalent in Kozhikode district of Kerala 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data regarding the traditional Sutika Paricharya practices seen in Kozhikode district in Kerala was collected through a telephonic survey and interview with the experts with the help of a structured questionnaire. Results were summarized and conclusions were drawn 3. RESULTS The traditional Sutika Paricharya practices prevalent in Kozhikode district in Kerala include the usage of the following preparations 1. Nadi Kashaya 2. Thenginpookuladi Lehya 3. Pettu Lehya 4. Ullichoru 5. Mukkudi 6. Nalpamaradi Vethuvellam 7. Navadhanyapodi. 3.1. Nadi Kashaya Nadi Kashaya is a herbal decoction given to Sutika which contains 38 herbal ingredients. The list of ingredients is explained in Table 1 Nadi Kashaya is prepared by boiling one part powder in 16 parts of water and reduced to one-fourth. This Kashaya is having Tridoshahara property especially Vatahara, Sulahara, Deepana, and Sandhanakara. 3.2. Thenginpookuladi Lehya Thenginpookuladi Lehya is prepared from Thenginpookuladi Kashaya mentioned in Sahasrayoga for Asrugdara. [9] It is also known as Kerapookuladi Lehya/Rasayana . Theng/Kera means coconut and Poovu means inflorescence. Thenginpookuladi Kashaya is prepared from the kalka of the drugs mixed with 3200 ml of water and reduced to one-by-fourth of the quantity. The ingredients of Thenginpookuladi Kashaya are mentioned in Table 2 Thengumpookuladi Kashaya is again kept on the flame to boil. Jaggery which is taken half the part of Kashaya is added to it and made to dissolve. When the jaggery is completely dissolved, it is filtered through a clean white cotton cloth. The filtrate is again boiled over mild fire to a thicker thread consistency. Ghrita (ghee ) is added onefourth part of the decoction just before getting the Paka Lakshana . After proper cooking it is taken out from fire and prakshepa dravyas are added Prakshepa dravyas such as Twak, Ela, Patra and Nagakesara (1/16 th part of decoction) is added to the mixture. The substrate is stirred well till a homogeneous mixture is obtained. Equal amount of ghee and honey are added on the next day and packed in air-tight containers This Lehya is mainly used in gynecological disorders 3.3. Pettu Lehya [9] Pettu Lehya is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation used by Sutika. This lehya helps in the restoration of the health of puerperal woman. It increases breast milk and also helps to increase the strength, beauty, and health of women during the puerperal period. The ingredients of Pettu Lehya are explained in Table 3 The Pettu Lehya is prepared in such a way that the Jaggery and sugar candy is melted in an Uruli. Oil and ghee are mixed and heated in low flame heat. The half a portion of the above-mentioned powdered raw drugs are added into this mixture and it is then heated to Lehya paka. After the attainment of lehya paka , the remaining powder is added. Allow the mixture to cool and after cooling, honey is added to the lehya and is stored in glass containers 3.4. Ullichoru Ullichoru is a dietary preparation made up of ulli which means onion and garlic. It is also known as Onion Garlic rice. It is a food to be followed after delivery Ullichoru is prepared by using coconut oil, sesame oil, and ghee. Heat the oils and after heating cumin seeds are crackled in that oil. Chopped garlic and chopped onions were added to the mixture. Salt is sprinkled over the mixture and wait till the onions are fried. After the onions are fried, cooked rice and crushed pepper corns were added and mixed. Turmeric powder is added and mixed well by keeping the rice under low flame heat to make Ullichoru. 3.5. Mukkudi Buttermilk is medicated with drugs and is taken in Sutika Kala and is known as Mukkudi. Mukkudi contains the following drugs. The Ingredients of Mukkudi are mentioned in Table 4 3.6. Nalpamaradi Vethuvellam Nalpamaradi Vethuvellam is prepared from crushed Nalpamara drug. Nal means four, Pal means latex and Mara means plants. Nalpamara means four latex-producing plants coming under the Ficus genus . Nalpamaradi vethuvellam is the water prepared with the following drugs which is used for bathing by Sutika. Water boiled with Nalpamaram attains a light brownish-red texture. Mothers make use of this water for bathing as it would help to reduce stretch marks in the skin. Drugs used in I mentioned in Table 5 3.7. Navadhanya Podi Navadhanya podi is the powder of nine items that is used during Sutika kala which include the following drugs explained in Table 6 Navadhanya podi is a unique blend of cereals, lentils, and oilseeds and is a rich source of vitamins, minerals, proteins, fats and carbohydrates which supports health and improves digestion Panchakola (piper longum, root of piper longum, plumbago zeylanica, piper retrofractum, zingiber officinale) siddhapeya for first 3 days, vidaryaadi gana kwatha siddha snehayukta yavagu from 4 th to 7 th day, after that gradually brimhana ahara from 8 th to 12 th day, after 12 th day meat soup should be used [10] 4. DISCUSSION Makes women complete only after giving birth to a child. A woman undergoes lots of changes from the starting stages of garbhini to

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[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Gupta, Krishnan, Krishna, Prasanna, William, Mala, Nil, Mana, Mishra, Sama]

Aswathy and Aravind: Sutika Paricharya Practices Prevalent in Kozhikode 2023; 6(11):30-34 32 delivery time. The aim of sutika paricharya is to maintain maternal and child health and preventing any complications after delivery. It will balance dosha and help to attain the swasthya of sutika [10] This means it helps to attains samadosha, samagni, samadhatu, sama mala, Prasanna athma indriya, and Prasanna mana of mother 5. CONCLUSION The Sutika paricharya practices in Kozhikode district of Kerala include the usage of Nadi Kashaya, Thenginpookuladi Lehya, Pettu Lehya, Ullichoru, Mukkudi, Nalpamaradi Vethuvellam, and Navadhanyapodi. The scientific background of all these practices needs to be evaluated with the help of clinical studies. Exploratory researches should be also be done to find out the locally existing Sutika paricharya practices in other districts of Kerala and India. The time-tested and validated scientific practices should be added and updated to the knowledge database of Sutika practices in the Ayurveda system in India 6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Nil 7. AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS All the authors contributed equally in design and execution of the article 8. FUNDING Nil 9. ETHICAL APPROVALS This study not required ethical clearance as it is review study 10. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Nil 11. DATA AVAIBALITY This is an original manuscript and all data are available for only review purposes from principal investigators 12. PUBLISHERS NOTE This journal remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliation REFERENCES 1. Cunniggham F, Leveno K. Bloom William’s Obstetrics. 23 rd ed., Ch. 30. U.S: McGraw Hill Companies; 2010. p. 646 2. Jivaka V. Kashyap Samhita. 4 th ed., Khilasthana. Ch. 10. verse no. 181. Varanasi: Choukhamba; 2004 3. Yadavji Trikamji Y. Sushrut Samhita Nibandha Samgraha. Sharirsthana. Ch. 10. Varanasi: Choukhamba; 2003 4. Gupta KA. Ashtanga Samgraha with Hindi Commentary. Sharirsthana. Ch. 3. Varanasi: Choukhamba; 2005 5. Mishra B. Bhavamishra, Bhavaprakash. 1 st ed. Purvakhanda. Ch. 4. Varanasi: Choukhamba; 2004 6. Das K. Yogratnakar. Ckikitsa Sthana, Stree Roga Chikitsa. Varanasi: Choukhamba; 1999 7. Jivaka V. Kashyap Samhita. 4 th ed. Khilasthana. Ch. 10. Verse no. 181. Varanasi: Choukhamba; 2004 8. Gupta KA. Ashtanga Samgraha with Hindi Commentary. Sharirsthana 3/39. Varanasi: Choukhamba; 2005 9. Krishnan Vaidyan KV, Gopala Pillai S, editors. Sahasrayoga. 26 th ed. Kerala: Vidyarambham Publishers; 2006 10. Available from: https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esushruta/?mod=read 15/4112/5/2021 [Last accessed on 2003 May 17] How to cite this article: Aswathy P, Aravind S. Traditional Sutika Paricharya Practices Prevalent in Kozhikode District of Kerala. IRJAY. [online] 2023;6(11);30-34 Available from : https://irjay.com DOI link- https://doi.org/10.47223/IRJAY.2023.61106

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[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Bala, Chandana, Pushpa]

Aswathy and Aravind: Sutika Paricharya Practices Prevalent in Kozhikode 2023; 6(11):30-34 33 Table 1: Ingredients of Nadi Kashaya S. No. Sanskrit name Botanical name 1 Bilva Aegle marmelos 2 Shyonaka Oroxylum indicum 3 Gambhari Gmelina arborea 4 Patala Stereospermum suaveolens 5 Agnimantha Premna mucronata 6 Shaliparni Desmodium gangeticum 7 Prishnaparni Uraria picta 8 Brihati Solanum indicum 9 Kantakari Solanum xanthocarpum 10 Gokshura Tribulus terrestris 11 Balamula Sida rhombifolia 12 Haritaki Terminalia chebula 13 Vibitaki Terminalia bellerica 14 Amalaki Emblica officinalis 15 Chiraytha Swertia chiraita 16 Yavasa Alhagi camelorum 17 Maricha Piper nigrum 18 Rasna Alpinia galangal 19 Mustha Cyperus rotundus 20 Parpata Fumaria indica 21 Usheera Vetiveria zizanoides 22 Chandana Santalum album 23 Udichya Pavonia odorata 24 Shunti Zingiber officinale 25 Jeeraka Cuminum cyminum 26 Krishna jeeraka Carum carvi 27 Upakunchika Nigella sativa 28 Ajaji Croton tiglium 29 Yashti Glycyrrhiza glabra 30 Uluvacha (Methika) Trigonella foneum-graceum 31 Devadaru Cedrus deodara Roxb. 32 Mudga Vigna radiate 33 Panchangula (Eranda) Ricinus communis 34 Haridra Curcuma longa 35 Ashali (Atasi) Linum usitatissimum 36 Daruharidra Berberis aristata 37 Khataka Strychnos potatarum 38 Nimba twak Azadiracta indica Table 2: Ingredients of Thenginpookuladi Kashaya [8] Local name Botanical name Quantity Narikela Pushpa (Inflorescence of coconut) Cocos Nucifera 50 g Japa Hibiscus rosasinensis 50 g Bala Sida cordifolia 50 g Jambu Syzygium cumini 50 g

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[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Madhu, Green]

Aswathy and Aravind: Sutika Paricharya Practices Prevalent in Kozhikode 2023; 6(11):30-34 34 Table 3: Ingredients of Pettu Lehya S. No. Sanskrit name Botanical name Quantity 1 Satapushpa Anethum graveolens 200 g 2 Methika (fried) Trigonella foenum-graecum 100 g 3 Jeeraka Cuminum cyminum 100 g 4 Ajamoda Trachyspermum ammi 50 g 5 Krishnajeeraka Carum carvi 50 g 6 Mishi Foeniculum vulgare 50 g 7 Parasika Yavani Hyoscyamus niger 50 g 8 Sunti Zingiber officinale 50 g 9 Vrikshamla (fried seeds) Garcinia indica 50 g 10 Jatiphala Myristica fragrans 50 g 11 Guda Jaggery 2½ kg 12 Khanda sarkara Sugar candy 1¼ kg 13 Taila Oil 100 g 14 Ghrita Ghee 50 g 15 Madhu Honey 500 g Table 4: Ingredients of Mukkudi S. No. Sanskrit name Botanical name 1 Pippali Piper longum 2 Pippalimula Piper longum 3 Chavya Piper retrofractum 4 Chitraka Pumbago zeylanica 5 Nagara Zingiber officinale 6 Maricha Piper nigrum 7 Jeeraka Cuminum cyminum 8 Krishna jeeraka Carum carvi 9 Haridra Curcuma longa 10 Daruharidra Berberis aristata 11 Vacha Acorus calamus 12 Saindhava Rocksalt Table 5: Drugs used in Nalpamaradi Vethuvellam Local name Sanskrit name Botanical name Athi Udumbara Ficus racemosa Ithi Plaksha Ficus microcarpa Arayal Aswatha Ficus religiosa Peral Nyagrodha Ficus bengalensis Table 6: Ingredients of Navadhanya podi English name Sanskrit name Botanical name Rice Shali Oryza sativa Wheat Godhuma Triticum aestivum Green gram Mudga Vigna radiata Black gram Masha Vigna mungo Bengal gram Chanaka Cicer arietinum Black sesame seeds Tila Sesamum indicum Horse gram Kulatha Macrotyloma uniflorum White beans Rajamasha Phaseolus vulgaris Red lentil Kalaya Lens culinaris

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