Ayurvedic overview of Aragwadha (Cassia fistula Linn.).

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Review Article This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga Vol. 6 (6),126-130, June,2023 ISSN: 2581-785 X : https://irjay.com/ DOI: 10.47223/IRJAY.2023.6621 Ayurvedic overview of Aragwadha ( Cassia fistula Linn.). Ashok Kumar Lakhran 1 , Mita Kotecha. 2 1 - P.G. Scholar (Dept. of Dravyaguna), National Institute of Ayurveda, Deemed University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. 2-Professor & H.O.D. (Dept. of Dravyaguna) National Institute of Ayurveda, Deemed University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. INTRODUCTION The Latin name of the Aragwadha is Cassia fistula of the Leguminosae Family. In Ayurveda it is called Rajvruksha due to its beautiful flowers. It is growing all over India and as it is a beautiful plant, it is cultivated in gardens. Leaves are alternate, petiolate, compound, paripinnate, with pulvinus base, leaf lets are 4-8 pairs, stalked, ovate, wavy, acute, glabrous, and entire. The venation of the leaflets is unicostate and reticulate. Stem is erect, branched, cylindrical, woody, solid and the bark is greenish in color. The flower is pedicellate with long pedicels. Yellow corolla with 5 patels, the posterior petal is the small and innermost in the bud. Fruit in legume form is very long (1- 2 feet) and cylindrical (diameter is one inch). Seeds are flat, albuminous, embedded in soft pulp. In Dravyaguna lexicons morphological or pharmacological properties of drugs are coined by various synonyms for appropriate identification or to gain knowledge about their medicinal value. Kritmala, Chaturangula, Dirghaphala, Rajvriksha, Swarnaang, Pragraha all are the synonyms of Aragwadha . It is Guru, Snigdha in guna, Mdhura, Tikta in Rasa, Madhura in Vipaka and Sita in Veerya . All such disorders are mostly caused by Vata and Pitta or after determining the nature of the patient and all other factors we can use Argawadha in these disorders for eg. Jwar, Hrdroga, Raktapitta, Daha, Udavrita, Sula, Kushtha, Visarpa, Kamala, Prameha etc . Aragwadha has potency( veerya ) to do various actions ( Karma ) like Sramsana, Sulahara, Ruchya, Kostha suddhikara, Pramehaghna, Jwaraghna, etc 1 In Charaka Samhita Aragwadha mentioned as a Kusthaghna, Kandughna, Virechan Dravya and in Tikta Skandha 2,3 In Sushruta Samhita mentions Aragvadhadi, Article Info Article history: Received on: 10-05-2023 Accepted on: 19-06-2023 Available online: 30-06-2023 Corresponding author- Ashok Kumar Lakhran, P.G. Scholar (Dept. of Dravyaguna), National Institute of Ayurveda, Deemed University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Email-ashoklakhran@gmail.com ABSTRACT: Ayurveda is not only a life science but also a spiritual science that deals with how to maintain a healthy life and prevent the onset of disease. In Dravyaguna , a branch of ayurveda many drugs are used in many diseases. One of these dravyas is Aragwadha, Latin named Cassia fistula Linn . of the Leguminosae family. In Ayurveda it is called Rajvruksha due to its beautiful flowers. It is a common plant in India and also known as Golden Shower, traditionally its various parts, including the bark, leaves, flowers, and fruits are used for various medicinal and therapeutic purposes. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the medicinal properties and therapeutic applications of Aragwadha , based on available scientific literature and traditional knowledge. Keywords : Aragwadha, Cassia fistula Linn ., Ayurveda, Dravyaguna

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Ashok et.al, “Ayurvedic overview of Aragwadha (Cassia fistula Linn.) . ” : 2023; 6 (6):126-130 127 Shyamadi, Lakshadi Gana, Tikta Varga and Adhobhagahar dravyas. 4,5,6,7,8 In Ashtanga hrudya dravya is mentioned in Virechanakarak Dravya , Aragwadhadi gana and Shyamadi Gana. 9 In the chemical constituency, Sugar, mucilage, pectin and anthraquinone are present in aragwadha Root bark, Leaf, Flower and Fruit pulp are used as useful parts for different medicinal and therapeutic purposes 10 Various formulations of Aragwadha are Aragvadhadi Kwatha Churna, Aragwadhadi Taila, Aragwadhadi Avaleha, Aragwadhadyarista, Aragwadha Ghrita 10,25 MATERIAL AND METHODS Aragwadha ( Amalatas ) descriptive information has been provided by using several Ayurvedic lexicons and presented in a tabular form that would be simple to understand. Table 1: Showing the Gana / Varga according to the various Nighantus, Table 2: Showing the Synonyms and their interpretation according to the various Ayurveda lexicons, Table 3: Showing the Rasa Panchaka and Doshakarma according to the various Nighantus and Table 4: Showing the Varieties according to the various Nighantus . CPCSEA Reg. No.- Reg. No. 2128/GO/ReRc/S/21/CPCSEA PREVIOUS RESEARCH WORK Studies based on the animal model have confirmed that C. fistula and its constituents show a role in disease management via the modulation of biological activities. It does health management via antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anti-diabetic, and other various biological activities 26 It is an excellent source of glycosides, tannins, and flavonoids and Posses hepatoprotective and antitussive, antibacterial and antifungal characteristics. Also used for healing wounds and gastrointestinal illnesses 27 Posology Phalamajja Churna (Powder) – 5-10 gm 25 Mula Twak Kwatha (Decoction)- 50-100 ml 25 Pushpa (Flower) – 5-10 gm 25 DISCUSSION Cassia fistula has long been used in traditional medical systems such as Ayurveda . for its therapeutic properties. Different parts of the tree including the bark, flowers, and fruit, are utilized for their medicinal benefits. This drug is used as a purgative drug which removes all the toxic elements present in the body in the form of purgative. The pulp of the fruit is known for its laxative properties and is commonly used to treat constipation. Due to Madhura rasa, Snigdha guna and Madhura vipaka it is vatashamak a in nature and also due to Madhura rasa and Sita Veerya it is Pittashamaka . Due to its Sramsana guna, it is Pitta Kapha Samsodhaka. 1 In Charaka Samhita , in the treatment of Kushtha , Kandu , it has been described as bathing and eating 2 Among the ten astringents mentioned in Sushruta Samhita for the treatment of Prameha , Aragwadha has been used along with Triphala in Haridrameha 5 This drug is used in many different forms like churna , kwath , asava , arishta , avaleha , vati etc. It is clearly mentioned in the Ayurvedic text that it is an effective medicine to cure diseases like Jwar, Kustha, Prameha, Amavata, Updansha, Vran etc 25 Additionally, the tree's bark and flowers are believed to possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, making them useful in treating various ailments. CONCLUSION The Latin name of the Argwadha is Cassia fistula Linn . of the Leguminosae Family. On the basis of the Raspanchaka of Aragwadha , its use has been described in many places. It is Guru , Snigdha in guna , Madhura , Tikta in Rasa , Madhura in Vipaka and Sita in Veerya . Due to Madhura rasa , Snigdha guna, and Madhura vipaka, it is vatashamak in nature and also due to Madhura rasa and Sita Veerya, it is Pittashamaka . Due to its Sramsana guna it is Pitta Kapha Samshodhaka . Aragwadha is potent to do various actions and can be useful in the management of various diseases e.g jwar, twakrogas, prameha etc. It is used as a purgative to remove the toxins accumulated in the body. Aragwadha is used both internally and externally. In modern science also, Aragwadha has been described as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-diabetic. In different Nighantus three varieties of aragwadha are mentioned. Acknowledgment - Nil Conflicts Of Interest- Nil Source of finance & support – Nil ORCID Ashok Kumar , https://orcid.org/ 0009-0002-2267-6434

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Ashok et.al, “Ayurvedic overview of Aragwadha (Cassia fistula Linn.) . ” : 2023; 6 (6):126-130 128 REFERENCES 1 Prakash L Hegde, A Textbook of Dravyaguna Vijnana, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Pune Vol. 2 nd Reprint, 2018 2 Sastri K, Caraka Samhita, Sutra sthana 4/4,13,14- Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2013. 3 Sastri K, Caraka Samhita, Vimana sthana 8/143- Chaukambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 20013. 4 Sastri AD, Susruta Samhita, Part I st , Sutra Sthana, 38/6-7, Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 2012 5 Sastri AD, Susruta Samhita, Part I st , Sutra Sthana, 38/29- 30, Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 2012 6 Sastri AD, Susruta Samhita, Part I st ,Sutra Sthana, 38/64-65 Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 2012 7 Sastri AD, Susruta Samhita, Part I st ,Sutra Sthana, 42/22, Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 2012 8 Sastri AD, Susruta Samhita, Part I st ,Sutra Sthana, 39/4,Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 2012 9 Tripathi B, Astanga Hrdaya,Sutra Sthana 15/2,17,45 Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Reprint, 2019 10 The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-1 st , Vol.–1, Govt. of India, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Department of Indian system of Medicine and Homeopathy, New Delhi, 1 st Edition; 2008. 11 Sharma PV, Dhanvantari Nighantu, Edition 3 rd, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi, Reprint, 2012 12 Sharma PV, Sodhala Nighantu, Edition 1 st, Oriental Institute, Baroda, 1978 13 Pandaya G, Madanapala Nighantu, Chaukhambha Oriantelia, Varanasi: 2012 14 Tripathi I, Raja Nighantu, Chowkhamba Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, 2003 15 Sharma, Kayadeva Nighantu, edition 1 st, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi, 2006 16 Chunekar KC, Bhavaprakasha Nighantu, Reprint, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi-221001, Reprint 2020 17 Pandey H, Shaligrama, Shaligrama Nighantu, Part 7-8, Khemaraja Shree Krishnadasa Prakashan, Mumbai- 4,2007 18 Bapalal G. Vaidya, Nighantu Adarsha, Vol. I, Chaukhambha Bharati Acedemy, Varanasi, Reprint, 2002 19 Kamat S.D, Saraswati Nighantu, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan, Delhi, 2006 20 Sharma PV, Priya Nighantu, Edition 1 st, Chaukhamba Surbharti Prakashan, Varanasi, 2004 21 Mathura KL, Brihatanighanturatnakar, Part-3&4, Khemaraja shreekrushnadasa Prakashana, Bambai-4,1995 22 Mishra B, Dravyaguna Hastamalaka, Edition 5 th, Publication Skima, Jaipur- Indore, 2005 23 Sharma PV, Keshava, Hridayadipaka Nighantu and Siddhamantra, Commentary of Vopadeva, Chaukhamba Amarabharati Prakashan, Varanasi, 1977 24 Mishra B, Hemachandracharya, Abhidhanachintamani, Chowkhamba vidyabhavana, Varanasi, 1996 25 Sharma PV, Dravyaguna Vijnana, Vol. II, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, Reprint 2013 26 Available on https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC 4471647/ [last visited on 07 june,2023] 27 Available on https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S 07533 32221010246 [last visited on 07 june,2023] How to cite this article: Lakhran AK, Kotecha M “Ayurvedic overview of Aragwadha (Cassia fistula Linn.)” IRJAY. [online] 2023;6(6);126-130. Available from: https://irjay.com. DOI linkhttps://doi.org/ 10.47223/IRJAY.2023.6621

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Ashok et.al, “Ayurvedic overview of Aragwadha (Cassia fistula Linn.) . ” : 2023; 6 (6):126-130 129 Table 1: Showing the Gana / Varga according to the various Nighantus . Name of Nighantu ( Ayurvedic lexicons) Gana / Varga Dhanvantri Nighantu [11] Guduchyadi Varga Shodhala Nighantu [12] Namsamgrah, Guduchyadi Varga, Madanpal Nighantu [13] Abhayadi Varga Raja Nighantu [14] Prabhadradi Varga Kaiydev Nighantu [15] Aushadhi Varga Bhavaprakash Nighantu [16] Haritakyadi Varga Shaligram Nighantu [17] Asta Varga Adarsha Nighantu [18] Pootikaranjadi Varga Saraswati Nighantu [19] Mahavriksha Varga Priya Nighantu [20] Haritakyadi Varga Brihatanighnturatnakar [21] Aragvadhadi gana Dravyaguna Hastamalaka [22] Pootikaranjadi kula Hridayadipaka Nighantu and Siddhamantra [23] Vatapittaghna Varga, Kaphapittaghna Varga, Abhidhanachintamani [24] Tiryakakanda Table 2: Showing the Synonyms and their interpretation according to the various Ayurveda lexicons. Sr. No. NAME OF SYNONYMS INTERPRETATION (MEANING) 1. Aragwadha [12] It completely eradicates the ailments, leaving no traces behind in the body. 2. Kusthasudan [14] Reducing Kustha 3. Aamaha [12] Reducing Ama . 4. Aarevata [12] It is a safe and gentle purgative. 5. Arogyashimbi [13] It brings happiness 6. Karnabharan [14] Ear decorations made of flowers. 7. Kritmala [16] Garlanded with a garland. 8. Chaturangula [16] Where the marrow is separated at a distance of four fingers. 9. Rajavriksha [16] Resembles the king of trees. 10. Shampak [16] It brings happiness. 11. Jwrantak [14] Reducing fever.

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Ashok et.al, “Ayurvedic overview of Aragwadha (Cassia fistula Linn.) . ” : 2023; 6 (6):126-130 130 12. Pragrah [12] The bears are lovely. 13. Swarnang [16] Gold-coloured flowers. 14. Vyadhighata [16] Reducing the severity of numerous illnesses. 15. Karnikara [16] It has an inflorescence with many flowers. 16. Suvarnaka [16] It has lovely flowers that are a golden yellow tint. 17. Drumotpala [12] Flowers have a lotus-like form. 18. Karivyadha [12] The rogas are expelled from the body via this. 19. Dirghaphala [12] Its fruit looks like long sticks. Table 3: Showing the Rasa Panchaka and Doshakarma according to the various Nighantus . Table 4: Showing the Varieties according to the various Nighantus . Nighantu No. & Name of Varieties Raja Nighantu [11] 2- Aragwadha Karnikara Dhanvantari Nighantu [14] 2- Aragwadha Karnikara Shaligram Nighantu [17] 2- Aragwadha Karnikara Characterstics BPN D.N. M.N. K.N. R.N. Sha.N. AA.N. RASA Madhur + - + - + + - Tikta - + - - - - - Madhur Tikta - - - - - - + Tikta Madhur - - - + - - - GUNA Guru + + + + + - - Snigdha Guru - - - - - + - Madhur - - + - + + + VEERYA Sheeta + - + + + + + Ushna - + - - - - - DOSHAKARMA Pittanashaka - - - - - + - Kaphapittashamaka - - - - - - + Tridoshashamaka + + + + + - -

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