Development and Evaluation of Traditional Pinda Taila Loaded Gel Formulation

Research Article This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga Vol. 5 (8),93-99, August, 2022 ISSN: 2581-785 X; https://irjay.com/ DOI: 10.47223/IRJAY.2022.5812 Development and Evaluation of Traditional Pinda Taila Loaded Gel Formulation Shruti Sharma 1 , Priyanka Chaudhary 2 , Ravinder Kumar 3 , Rakesh Thamman 4 1 Lecturer, Department Of Pharmaceutics, College Of Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Joginder Nagar, Mandi, H.P. 2 Research Scholar, College Of Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Joginder Nagar, Mandi, H.P. 3 Lecturer, Department Of Pharmacology, College Of Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Joginder Nagar, Mandi, H.P. 4 Principal, Professor & Head Sharir Kriya, College Of Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Joginder Nagar, Mandi, H.P. INTRODUCTION Pinda taila is one of the Ayurvedic medicated oil formulation used as topical anti-inflammatory agents in humans 1 Vatarakta is a disease explained in Ayurveda involving Vata Dosha imbalance affecting Rakta Dhatu (Blood tissue). Joint pain is one of the main symptoms of this disease. Vatarakta usually starts from the big toe or Article Info Article history: Received on: 22-06-2022 Accepted on: 12-08-2022 Available online: 31-08-2022 Corresponding author- Shruti Sharma, Lecturer Pharmaceutics, College of Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Joginder nagar, Email id: shruti.ceutics@gmail.com ABSTRACT: The Indian system of Medicine; the Science of life, originated in the Vedic times of India, emphasizes on preventing the disease and maintaining the health. Sneha Kalpana , an Ayurvedic dosage form includes products of medicated taila and ghee, widely used internally as well as externally to treat various disorders. Pinda taila , herbal medicated oil intended for vatarakta (gout) and daha (burning sensation) in Ayurvedic system of medicine. It is applied topically in the form of Abhyanga . The name Pinda taila is because of pinda (semisolid) like appearance of final kalpna . The viscous appearance is marked by the presence of Sarja rasa and Madhucchishta . The dravyas present in the Pinda taila pacify the vitiated vatadosha and rakta. Vatarakta , a painful condition, is a disorder where vata is vitiated by rakta or vice-versa. The symptoms include ruk (pain), daha (burning sensation) , toda (pricking pain) and shotha (inflammation) and managed with both internal and external chikitsas using gutika, niruha, lepa and sneha kalpna . In Ayurveda , Taila kalpana are included in Sneha Kalpana. In ancient literature there is immense description regarding manufacture of Sneha kalpana ( ghrta and taila kalpanas ) The Nomenclature of Sneha Kalpana is sum of two words Sneha and kalpana ; where Sneha means ‘fat’ and kalpana means ‘pharmaceutical process of medicaments’. 63 medicated tailas preparations are listed in official “ Ayurvedic Formulary of India ”. The present work aimed to develop a patient compliant gel preparation of Pinda taila as a substitute of oil for external application and its evaluation Keywords: Bhaisajya kalpana , Sneha Kalpana , Pinda Taila , Pinda Taila gel, Vatarakta

Priyanka et. al “Development and Evaluation of Traditional Pinda Taila Loaded Gel Formulation.” : 2022; 5 (8):93-99 94 from hands and gradually involves other joints or tissues 2 In Gambhira vatarakta , the involvement of joints is mainly seen and therefore it can be compared with Gout. In Uttana Vatarakta the pathology of diseases afflicts the superficial tissues (skin and muscles). In uttana vatarakta , the symptoms are moreover seems like a skin disease or kustha with the skin lesions and muscle pain 3 Classical description of Pinda Taila in Samhitas 4 : Charaka Samhita: Acharya Charka has explained Pinda Taila under the context of Vatarakta Chikitsa in the Chikitsa Sthana 29 th chapter. The ingredients mentioned are: Madhucchishta (bee-wax), Manjishta (Indian Madder), Sarjarasa (raal) and Sariva (anantmool). Tila Taila as Sneha Dravya and jala as Drava Dravya . Although, the method of preparation has not been described elaborately by the Acharya , it is inferred to follow the general method of preparation of Sneha Kalpana. Ashtanga Hridya: In Chapter 22 of Ashtanga Hridya , Acharya vaghbatta elaborated the ingredients of Pinda taila with in the context of chikitsa Sthana. The ingredients described in this text are analogous to those explained by Acharya Charka . Ingredients used in the preparation of Pinda Taila: Madhucchista ( Cera alba ) belongs to family Apiaceae. 5 It is used for cosmetic and therapeutic purposes in Ayurveda. Action ( karma ) of madhucchista is vranaropana, vataghana, atisara. 6 Manjistha ( Rubia cordifolia ) consists dried roots and belongs to Family Rubiaceae. In Ayurveda its indication (karma ) are Raktadosahara, kusthgana .7 It is known as Indian madder in English. It is found in Asian countries like India, China, Japan, Afghanistan, Vietnam, and Malaysia 8 Sariva (Hemidesmus indicus ) belongs to Family Asclepidaceae. Also known as Indian Saraspilla in English. Its indication in Ayurveda is Raktasodhaka, Dahaprasamana. 9 It is found in India from the upper Gangetic plain eastwards to Assam and in some places in Central, western and South India 10 Raal ( Shorea robusta) belongs to family Dipterocarpaceae. Its indication ( karma ) vranaropana. 11 It is widely distributed in India, Nepal and Bhutan 12 It is dominantly distributed on the plains and lower foothills of the Himalayas and also along the valleys 13 Tila Taila (Sesamum indicum) belongs to Family Pedaliaceae. It indicates its uses in Twachya , Vranaropana. 14 It is distributed in tropical and southern Africa, south and Southeast Asia and Tropical Australia 15 Method of preparation of Pinda Taila : 16 Kalka dravya : Manjistha, sariva, raal (equal in each quantity) - 1 part Sneha dravya : Tila Taila - 4 parts Dravadravya : jala (water)16 parts All the ingredients of prescribed quality were taken as described in Ayurvedic Pharmacoepia of India.. Other ingredients i.e; kalka dravyas were taken in dried form; powdered coarsely and passed through sieve no. 85. The powdered ingredients were triturated with sufficient quantity of water and made in Kalka form with the help of khalva yantra (mortar & pestle). Then Tila taila in a wide mouthed vessel was heated over mandagni (mild heat) until the foam was produced and then kalka was added to it with continuous stirring to prevent kalka from sticking at the bottom of the vessel. Then Drava Dravya (water) was added in the vessel with continuous stirring. Beeswax was added to the mixture and allowed to boiled until all the water had been evaporated ,and the moisture in the Kalka additionally becomes to evaporated ; At that stage, it has to be stirred more carefully to make sure that Kalka doesn’t stick to the bottom of the vessel. The Kalka was taken out from the ladle and tested from time to time to know the condition and stages of the sneha paka . Or sneha siddhi lakshanas . Then filtered the hot oil through muslin cloth and allowed to cool ( kalka should be squeezed if necessary). Stored the prepared oil in a air tight container. Sneha siddhi lakshans : 17 1. Phena (foam) pariksha: foam starts appearing in Taila. 2. Varti pariksha : when kalka is rubbed in between two fingers, Varti forms. 3. Shabda pariksha : when kalka is put on flame or fire, it burns without producing any crackling sound. GEL: A gel is a semisolid preparations of at least two constituents, consists a condensed mass enclosing and interpenetrated by a liquid 18 The I.P. defines Gels are

Priyanka et. al “Development and Evaluation of Traditional Pinda Taila Loaded Gel Formulation.” : 2022; 5 (8):93-99 95 homogeneous, semisolid preparations usually consisting of solutions or dispersions of one or more medicaments in suitable hydrophilic or hydrophobic bases As per the definition of U.S.P. Gels as a semisolid system consisting of dispersion made up of either small inorganic particle or large organic molecule enclosing and interpenetrated by liquid. The inorganic particles form a three-dimensional “house of cards” structure 19 MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemicals used in the preparation of gel are described in Table-1 respectively. Carbopol(1%w/w) was used as a gelling agent. Main Drug: Pinda Taila was prepared as mentioned in Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India by Astanga Hridya. Method of preparation of pinda taila gel: Carbopol (1%) was mixed in required quantity of lukewarm water in a beaker (1) with constant stirring for 30 minutes. HPMC was mixed in another beaker (2) consisting lukewarm water and stirred continuously for 30 minutes. Then beaker (2) i.e. HPMC is mixed in the beaker (1) containing Carbopol and stirred the mixture for 15 minutes. Polyethylene Glycol 400, Propylene Glycol and Glycerin were added and stirred the mixture for 30 minutes. Then Drug ( Pinda Taila ) and Benzalkonium chloride was added and the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes. Then water was added in sufficient quantity to the mixture to make up required volume of the gel. pH was adjusted by the addition of triethanolamine Evaluation Parameters Of Pinda Taila : [19] Organoleptic Evaluation: Physical standards of oil such as color, odor, texture, touch, consistency etc, parameters of oil were evaluated. Physico-chemical evaluation: It include Refractive Index: Refractive index of Pinda Taila was measured by Handheld Refractometer. Specific Gravity: Specific gravity of oil was measured by Pycnometer. pH: pH of Pinda Taila was measured by using pH paper. Evaluation Parameters Of Gel: 20 21 Appearance: Colour, touch, Odour, consistency and texture of gel has been evaluated Homogeneity: Homogeneity of gel was evaluated by visual observations. Measurement of pH: The pH was determined by using a digital pH meter. The measurement of pH has done in triplet readings and calculated the mean values. Viscosity study: Viscosity was determined by the usage of Rotational viscometer. Rotated the gels at 0.6 rpm (spindle-3). Noted down the corresponding dial reading at 0.6 rpm speed. Spread ability: It indicates the extent of the area of a gel readily spreads on application to the skin. It is determined by spreading 1 gm of gel between the two glass slides (7.5 cm in length) and standard weight of 100 gm is applied on upper slide for 1 minute. Lesser is the time taken for the separation of two slides, higher is the spread ability. Formula used to calculate the spread ability: Spread ability (S) = M × L / T Where, M = weight tied to upper slide L = length of glass slides T = time required to move the slides OBSEVATIONS AND RESULT Table-2 represents the orgenoleptic characteristics of the prepared Pinda Taila. Table-3 represents the Analytical values of the prepared Pinda Taila. Table-4 represents the Analytical study of the prepared Pinda Taila DISCUSSION Raw materials used for formulation were of analytical grade. Physico-chemical parameters are selected as the minimum parameters required to evaluate the Taila preparations. Organoleptic evaluation (Table-2) showed that colour of the Pinda Taila was reddish brown, aromatic odour, oily in texture and free from grittiness. Analytical parameters of Pinda Taila gel are within the limits mentioned by Ayurvedic Pharmacoepia of India showed in Table-4 respectively. CONCLUSION Pinda taila associated as an Ayurvedic oil used for Abhyanga to alleviate pain especially due to gout arthritis i.e. vatarakta. Oils exhibit a significant approach to preserve the structure of the skin. The formulated gel possess the expected efficacy as that of Pinda Taila. The water and the oil together efficiently hydrate the skin. So the objective of gel formulation is to provide substitute to

Priyanka et. al “Development and Evaluation of Traditional Pinda Taila Loaded Gel Formulation.” : 2022; 5 (8):93-99 96 oils. The various parameters revealed its ease for external application. Acknowledgements - Nil Conflict of interest - None Source of finance & support – Nil ORCID Shruti Sharma , https://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-5501-546 X REFRENCES: 1 Periyanayagam, K “Topical anti-inflammatory activity of pinda thailam, a herbal gel formulation. Anc Sci Life.2004 Jul;.24(1):1-5. PMID: 22557143; PMCID:PMC 3330916. 2 Bhatt K.L, Understanding Vatarakta w.s.r. to Gout through Ayurveda. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences , 5 (05), 477-481. Retrieved from https://www.jaims.in/jaims/article/view/1086 3 Y.S Raghuram :Vatarakta : Causes, Pathogenesis , Types, Treatment; www.easyayuveda.com oct.2016 4 Vatsalya D Et Al: Pinda Taila And Khajita Pinda Taila- Unique Remedies In Pain Management. International Ayurvedic Medical Journal: November ,2017:5(11) 4227- 4232 5 Sharma PV. Kaiyadeva Nighantu, Choukambha Bharati Academy Publicaton, reprint edition , 2009; P.44 6 Kumar M. Role of Mahishi Navaneeta and Madhuchista as a base for healing fissures of the feet w.s.r to Malahara Kalpana. J Ayurveda Integr Med Sci 2019;5:244-248. 7 Sharma P.V, Dravyagunavijnama. Varanasi: Choukambha Bharati Academy; 2006; P.801 8 Kumari I, Rubia cordifolia ( Manjistha): A review based upon its Ayurvedic and medicinal uses 9 Sharma P.V, Dravyagunavijnama. Varanasi: Choukambha Bharati Academy; 2006; P.793 10 D. B. More,; A review article on species used as sariva in different regions of India : hemidesmus indicus, ichnocrpus frutescens, decalepis hamiltoni and cryptolepis buchanani 2018; (6) (4): 1-13 11 Sharma P.V, Dravyagunavijnama,Varanasi: Choukambha Bharati Academy; 2006; P.672 12 Rajesh K; A REVIEW UPDATE ON SHOREA ROBUSTA GAERTN F. (SAL) Journal of Drug Delivery & Therapeutics; 2013,3(6),127-132 13 Gautam MK, Assesment of critical loads in tropical sal ( Shorea robusta Gaertn.f.) forests of Doon Valley Himalayas, India. Water Air Soil Pollut 2011; 218: 235- 264 14 Sharma P.V, Dravyagunavijnama. Varanasi: Choukambha Bharati Academy; 2006; P.121 15 Rendle A.B. The classification of flowering plants. Vol.2 Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge. 1963.pp. 640 16 Reddy K.R ; Bhaisajya Kalpana Vijanam 4 TH edition; Chaukambha Sanskrit Bhawan Varanasi -221001 ;2016 P.315-332 17 Brahmanand T. Sharangdhar Samhita . Annoted with Dipika hindi commentary, 2 nd edition, Chaukhamba Surbharti Prakashan, Varanasi, Madhyama Khanda, 2017; 9/12-13 Page No-145 18 Martin A, In ; Physical Pharmacy , 4 th edition , B.I. Waverly Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1996, 496,500-501. 19 Reddy K.R; Bhaisajya Kalpana Vijanam 4 TH edition; Chaukambha Sanskrit Bhawan Varanasi -221001 ;2016 20 singh v, formulation and evaluation of topical gel of acelofenac containing piparine, indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2013:3(7) 5266-5280. 21 Dixit G,: Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Gel for Antiinflammatory Activity, Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2013; 4(2); 1186-1191. How to cite this article: Chaudhary P, Sharma S, Kumar R, Thamman R “Development And Evaluation Of Traditional Pinda Taila Loaded Gel Formulation” IRJAY.[online]2022;5(8); 93-99 Available from: https://irjay.com DOI linkhttps://doi.org/10.47223/IRJAY.2022.5812

Priyanka et. al “Development and Evaluation of Traditional Pinda Taila Loaded Gel Formulation.” : 2022; 5 (8):93-99 97 Figure 1: Ingredients of Pinda Taila a) Manjistha b) Sariva c) Raal Fig.2: All ingredients were added Fig.3: Boiled the Mixture Fig.4: Prepared Pinda Taila

Priyanka et. al “Development and Evaluation of Traditional Pinda Taila Loaded Gel Formulation.” : 2022; 5 (8):93-99 98 Table 1- Composition of Pinda Taila loaded gel: Table 2- Organoleptic characteristics of Pinda Taila : S.No. Organoleptic character Result 1 Colour Reddish brown 2 Odour Aromatic 3 Texture Smooth 4 Consistency Oil consistency Table 3 - Analytical values of Pinda Taila : S.No. Parameter Result 1. pH 6 2. Refractive Index 13.8 3. Specific Gravity 0.86 S.No. Chemicals name (100%W/W) 1 Carbopol (1%w/w) 2 Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) 3 Polyethylene glycol 400 4 Propylene glycol 5 Glycerin 6 Benzalkonium chloride 7 Triethanolamine

Priyanka et. al “Development and Evaluation of Traditional Pinda Taila Loaded Gel Formulation.” : 2022; 5 (8):93-99 99 Table 4- Analytical study of Pinda Taila loaded gel: S.no. Parameter Result 1 Colour Light pinkish 2 Odour Characteristic 3 Homogeneity Good 4 Touch Smooth 5 Consistency Semi-solid 6 pH 6.46 7 Spread ability 210.76 g.cm/s 8 Viscosity 2093.62 poise

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Yoga, Daha, Ayurveda, Sneha, Vatarakta, Abhyanga, Manjishtha, Sariva, Madhucchishta, Kalpana, Raktadhatu, Doi, Sarjarasa, Charakasamhita, Tilataila, Dravadravya, Pindataila, Rubia cordifolia, Vatadosha, Gel, Hemidesmus indicus, Sesamum indicum, Shabdapariksha, Appearance, Shorea robusta, Specific gravity, Physico-chemical evaluation, Ayurvedic Formulary of India, Research article, Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Science, Sneha Kalpana, Refractive index, Sneha Dravya, Organoleptic evaluation, Kalka Dravya, Gambhira vatarakta, Uttana Vatarakta, Ashtanga Hridya, Homogeneity, Gel formulation, Gelling agent, HPMC, Viscosity Study, Carbopol, Acharya Charka, ISSN, Analytical parameter, Sneha siddhi lakshan, Spread ability, Measurement of pH, Varti Pariksha, Ayurvedic medicated oil.