Immunomodulator Effect of Swarna Prashana (Oral Administration of Gold as...

[Full title: Immunomodulator Effect of Swarna Prashana (Oral Administration of Gold as Electuary) -A Conceptual Study]

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[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Sharma, Gold, Kumar, Long, Kalpana, Chand, Madhu, Naresh, Dharmendra, Red, Honey]

Review Article This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga Vol. 5 (6),178-182, June, 2022 ISSN: 2581-785 X; https://irjay.com/ DOI: 10.47223/IRJAY.2022.5628 Immunomodulator Effect of Swarna Prashana (Oral Administration of Gold as Electuary) -A Conceptual Study Naresh Kumar Garg, 1 Dharmendra Sharma 2 , Trilok chand, 3 Satynarayan bansal 4 1 Professor, Dravyaguna, Sriganganagar college of Ayurvedic science and hospital Tantia University Sriganganagar Rajasthan. 2 Associate professor, Kaumarbritya department, Government Ayurved college Indore 3 Professor Ras Shastra and Bhisjaya Kalpana department Bhagwant Ayurved college Muzaffarnagar, UP 4 Ayurvedic Physician Bansal Clinic Rohini Delhi INTRODUCTION Gold has been used in medical treatments since ancient times because it is regarded to have healing properties 1 In ancient Ayurvedic writings, gold was used to treat ailments, either alone or in combination with other medicinal ingredients 2 Following a thorough understanding of Swarna's capabilities, the ancient world's health-care system made effective use of it. Since then, Swarna has been used to prolong long life and fight the ageing process 3 It had also aided in the development of the strength and energy of children. Swarna has been used in a variety of forms and doses throughout history, including raw gold, pure metal, gold foils, red colloidal solution, Article Info Article history: Received on: 20-04-2022 Accepted on: 21-06-2022 Available online: 30-06-2022 Corresponding author- Naresh Kumar Garg, Professor, Dravyaguna, Sriganganagar college of Ayurvedic science and hospital Tantia University Sriganganagar Rajasthan, Email: drnkgarg 11@gmail.com ABSTRACT: Swarna Prashana (the oral administration of gold as an electuary) is a unique Ayurvedic treatment in the field of children. The canonical textbook of Kaumarabhritya (paediatrics), Kashyapa Samhita, illustrates this unusual formulation in the setting of Lehana (licking procedure by electuary). It has been explained that gold should be triturated with water, honey, and Ghrita on a prewashed and clean stone facing east, and the semisolid concoction should be presented to the Shishu /infant. Swarna has been used in a variety of forms and doses throughout history, including raw gold, pure metal, gold foils, red colloidal solution, Swarna Patra, Swarna Parpati, and Bhasma, to name a few Swarnaprashana is a practise in which Swarna and herbs are given to children orally in the form of a liquid, semi-solid, or paste. Madhu + Ghrita + Abharak bhasma + Swarna Bhasma + Swarnamakshik bhasma + Brahmi Churna + Kantakari +Shankhpushpi +Haritaki +Haridra + Kootha are the constituents of Swarna prashana . In Present Conceptual study describe the Immunomodulator effect of Swarna Prashana in detail according to Ayurveda. Keywords - Swarna Prashana , Immunomodulator effect, Swarna Prashana

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[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Bala, Mati]

Naresh et. al “Immunomodulator Effect of Swarna Prashana (Oral Administration of Gold as Electuary) -A Conceptual Study” : 2022; 5 (6):178-182 179 Swarna Patra, Swarna Parpati , and Bhasma, to name a few 4 The Rasayan (Rejuvenation) characteristic of Bhasmas of metals (incinerated metal) promotes immunity and bodily firmness 5 Swarna Bhasma (incinerated gold) is a Kantikara (complexion) remedy that also boosts Medha (intelligence), Smriti, and Mati (attentiveness) 6 Swarna Bhasma is used to treat bronchial asthma, worm infestations, rheumatoid arthritis, schizophrenia, anorexia, diabetes, ophthalmic disorders, tuberculosis, anaemia, cough, memory, grief, fever, mental stress, dyspnoea, debility, sterility, poisoning, muscular dystrophy, and nervous system diseases 7 Swarna Bhasma has been prescribed for use in children in a variety of forms, including honey, and ghee 8 Despite the fact that several herbal medication combinations are given in the same context, time-bound efficacy is only indicated for gold. The administration of a mixture of Ghrita and honey to the new born by reciting spiritual hymns has been described in the Charaka Samhita under the context of Jatakarma (basic new born care), which is supposed to be followed by the initiation of breastfeeding 9 This procedure is also said to improve the physical strength and immunity and render healthy life to the new born AIMS AND OBJECTIVE To evaluate, elaborate and discuss the Immunomodulator effect of Swarna Prashana . MATERIAL AND METHOD Material related to Swarna Prashana . is collected from ayurvedic texts books, modern text books, index medical journals and website. Conceptual Study Swarn Prashan Swarnaprashanam is a Rasayana chikitsa and one of the Prashana or Lehana for healthy infants in terms of prevention and promotion, as well as for diseased infants in terms of cure. In Ayurveda, providing oral gold is an age-old and time-tested method for disease prevention. It dates back to 1000 B.C. and is classified as one of Ayurveda's 16 important Samskara (neonatal care) under Jatakarma Samskara (neonatal care). Swarnaprashanam satisfies Ayurveda's first goal, which is to take preventative steps ( Swasthasya Swasthya Rakshanm ). The tendency of our bodies to check the microorganisms that cause diseases deactivates or weakens. This is referred to as Vyadhikshamtva (immunity). Disease prevention through increased immunity has traditionally been one of the most essential parts of infant development. Swarnaprashanam is a natural immune booster that may be taken orally. It is a one-of-a-kind vaccination procedure that has been used since Vedic times and is currently used in areas of India. Swarnaprashanam can be used from birth to sixteen years of age to achieve the best therapeutic results, such as improving memory, intelligence, and immunity. He has clearly explained the administration of Swarna (gold) to children for Medhavardhana (improving intellect), Agnivardhana (improving digestion and metabolism), Balavardhana (improving immunity and physical strength), Ayushyam (promoting longevity), Mangalam (auspicious), Punyam (virtuous), Varnya (improving complexion), Vrishya (fertility), Grahapaham (promoting longevity), Mangalam (protection against infectious organisms). Swarnaprashana's classically detailed benefits include Maasathparamamedhavi (a child will be extremely intelligent if fed for one month), Vyadhibhirna cha drishyate (a child will not be attacked by any disease), and Shadbhirmasesruthadhara (a child will not be attacked by any disease if fed for one month) (if fed for six months, child will be able to retain whatever he hears) 10 Swarna must be combined with Madhu (honey) and Ghrita (ghee) in one of the Jathakarma samskara processes, according to Acharya Sushruta 11 It should be used after garbhambu vamana but before abhyanga and snana, according to Acharya Sushruta. Swarnaprashana, he noted, aids a child's physical and mental growth, as well as encourages Bala and Budhi (memory) 12 This herbo-mineral elixir is a combination of herbs and minerals. i.e. Madhu + Ghrita + Abharak Bhashm + Swarna Bhasma + Swarnmakshik Bhashma + Haritaki Churna + Brahmi Churna + Kantkari+ Kooth + Shankhpushpi+ Manjistha+ Haridra are the constituents of Swarnaprashana ) is being prepared in the my Centre. Swarna Bhasma and honey are added to this Ghrita and triturated on the day of Pushya Nakshatra . The bowl is placed in warm water to retain the consistency of Swarnaprashana. As per our classical Ayurveda texts and observed by our panel of doctors Swarnaprashana should be form in Awaleha to better absorption & bioavailability. Table no 1. Content of Swarn Prashan Immunomodulator effect of Swarna Prashana When etiological factors come in contact with the body, they try to produce disease. At the same time the body opposes the etiological factor to protect the body or show resistance against disease. This power of the body, which prevents the development of diseases or resist a developed disease, is called Vyadhikshamatva (immunity) in

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[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Low]

Naresh et. al “Immunomodulator Effect of Swarna Prashana (Oral Administration of Gold as Electuary) -A Conceptual Study” : 2022; 5 (6):178-182 180 Ayurveda 13 We can increase body resistance by increasing Ojus. As we know that Doshas maintain the body in the state of homeostasis only with the support of Ojus. According to Acharya Charaka, Bala (strength) is synonym of Ojus and of three types- Sahaja, Kalaja and Yuktikrita . In Yuktikrita , one can improve the Ojus by Yukti. 14 Thus, Swarna Prashana is the method of increasing the Kshamatva of the body immune cells and lowering down the decaying process. According to Ayurvedic concept, Ghrita and Madhu mixed in equal quantity is an example of Matra Virudha and acts as Visha in body 17 The same substance by its continuous administration in small doses makes the body adaptable, is called Satmya. The Swarna Prashana Samskara is an example of Virudha Satmya 15 Any incompatible ( Virudha ) substance which may be antigenic, on continuous exposure child becomes Virudha Satmya suggests that seronegative state is converted into seropositive state and formation of antibody is complete. Regular contact of such elements makes the body desensitized and in future there will be less effect due to formation of antibodies. Adaptiveness and modification subsequently develop as it acts as antigenic substances to the body and child will be priorly sensitized have healthy future. The same theory is used in vaccination 16 In Swarna Prashana Samskara , Madhu and Ghrita in equal dose along with gold is given at regular intervals, this develops resistance in the body for any type of Visha. In other words, this mixture produces non-specific immunity. Swarna has the properties like that of Medhavardhanam, Agnivardhanam, Balavardhanam, Ayushyakara, Grahapaham etc. These properties of Swarna can be made use to strengthen an individual 17 Gold enhances memory power and immunity too. Swarna Bhasma is easily absorbable. Swarna may remain unabsorbed in the body and act as incompatible substance or binding material by playing significant role in the stimulation of immune system. Gold is already proved for its immunomodulatory effects because of its anti-bacterial action against different organisms but when it is mixed with Madhu and Ghrita , it enhances its action to stimulate body immune system 18 Madhu is manufactured from pollen grains by bees. The reason behind adding Madhu in Swarna Prashana is that when Madhu is administered in low doses to new born, the child gradually develop resistance for allergens and it remains unaffected by allergic disorders 19 Ghrita has important medicinal value in Ayurvedic texts. It increases mental ability and it enhances the function of drug added with it. It helps in growth and development of child. It also provides nutrition to new born until lactation starts properly DISCUSSION Swarnaprashana is a herbo-mineral preparation including plant extracts in Ghrita medium that is used in Balya, Rasayana, Medhya , and Tridoshahara. Swarna Bhasma, the major ingredient of Swarnaprashana, stimulates phagocytosis, which enhances immunity 20 Swarna Bhasma has been used in both Ayurveda and medical science for rejuvenation and immunomodulation in many chronic conditions. Traditional gold compositions are said to offer rejuvenating and antioxidant properties. Ghrita aids in the child's growth and development, as well as providing sustenance to the baby until lactation begins correctly. The only dravya that can cross the blood-brain barrier, according to Ayurveda, is Ghrita. Pollens, which are found in honey, are a moderate allergy. This activates the baby's active immunity, protecting it from allergy diseases, which are common in this age range. It can also be used as anupana (vehicle or medium for absorption of drugs). Madhu is used in Swarna prashanam because when given in small dosages to children as a toddler, it progressively develops tolerance to allergens and afterwards remains resistant to comparable allergens and unaffected by allergic illnesses. Brahmi and Shankhpushpi have been demonstrated to aid memory and concentration issues. The anthraquinones found in Manjistha have many biological activities, such as antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, antifungal, immunomodulatory, hypotensive, antiinflammatory, analgesic, antimalarial, antioxidant antileukemic, and mutagenic 21 Haritaki and Kustha have immunomodulatory effects and increase the permeability of the medicine delivery mechanism 22 CONCLUSION Swarna prashana can be administered to babies and children as young as 16 years old for their physical, mental, and cognitive well-being. Swarna prashana's immunomodulatory impact should be backed up by a welldesigned clinical trial that includes biomarkers. Clinical experiments including immunological profile determination could pave the way for wider adoption in the National Health Program to benefit children. Finally, Ayurveda can improve people's quality of life through health promotion approaches by developing an integrated and multi-sectorial strategy for population-based

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[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Anil Kumar, Pramod Kumar, Singh, Anil, Bindu, Yadav, Gupta, Nagarajan, Sahu, Pal, Patil, Ashok, Devi, Manish, Ayu, Jain, Mar, Jun, Prakash, Nisha, Mohan, Mukesh, Arvind, Paul, Patel, Kumari, Nil, Mayur, Abhimanyu, Med, Chandra, Pramod, Green, Chaudhary, Bhaskaran, Jan]

Naresh et. al “Immunomodulator Effect of Swarna Prashana (Oral Administration of Gold as Electuary) -A Conceptual Study” : 2022; 5 (6):178-182 181 Preventive and Immunomodulatory treatments in this study. Acknowledgements- Nil Conflict of Interest – None Source of Finance & Support - Nil ORCID Naresh Kumar Garg , https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-3809-655 X REFERENCE 1 Pal D, Sahu CK, Haldar A. Bhasma: The Ancient Indian Nanomedicine. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2014; 5:4-12. 2 Barve G.B, Mayur Mashru, Chandrashekhar Jagtap, Patgiri BJ, And Prajapati PK. Therapeutic Potentials Of Metals In Ancient India: A Review Through Charaka Samhita. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2011 Apr- Jun; 2(2): 55-63. 3 Yadav KD, Chaudhary AK. Percentage Of Swarna Bhasma In Medicaments Of Ayurveda To Treat Disorders Of Different Origin. Int J Green Pharm 2015; 9:90-4. 4 Mehadihassan S. Cinnebar - Gold As The Best Alchemical Drug Of Longevity, Called Makardhwaja In India. Am. J. Chinese Medicine, 1985; 13:93-108. 5 Anil Kumar Singh AK, Arvind Kumar Gupta, Manish, Pramod Kumar Singh. Rasayana Therapy: A Magic Contribution Of Ayurveda For Healthy Long Life. Int. J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm. 2014; 5(1):41-47. 6 Jyothy K B, Sheshagiri S, Patel KS, Rajagopala S. A Critical Appraisal On Swarnaprashana In Children. Ayu 2014; 35:361-5. 7 Paul W, Chandra Prakash Sharma. Blood Compatibility Studies Of Swarna Bhasma (Gold Bhasma), An Ayurvedic Drug. Int J Ayurveda Res. 2011; 2(1):14-22. 8 Kumar MA, Nisha Kumari Ojha, Abhimanyu Kumar. Rationality Of Swarna Prashan In Paediatric Practice. International Journal Of Ayurvedic And Herbal Medicine 2013; 3(3):1191-1200. 9. Gaur BL. Charaka Samhita Of Agnivesha, Sharira Sthana. Ver. 46. 1 st Ed. Ch. 8. New Delhi: Rashtriya Ayurveda Vidyapeeth; 2014. P. 955 10 Bhaskaran JK, Mukesh Nariya, Kalpana S Patel, Rajagopala S, Hetal B Aghera, Ashok B Krishnaiah. Effect Of Swarna Bhasma On Memory And Learning In Swiss Albino Mice. J. Res. Trad. Medicine 2015; 1(1): 23-28. 11 Https://Niimh.Nic.In/Ebooks/Esushruta/Index.Php 12 Https://Niimh.Nic.In/Ebooks/Esushruta/Index.Php 13 Schneider, D. S., & Ayres, J. S. (2008). Two Ways To Survive Infection: What Resistance And Tolerance Can Teach Us About Treating Infectious Diseases. Nature Reviews. Immunology , 8 (11), 889– 895. Https://Doi.Org/10.1038/Nri 2432 14 Shasyri SN, Charak Samhita Sutra Sthan Triseyshniye Adhaya; Chapter-11 Versa 36;Varanasi Chukhambha Bharty Academy 2014, P 228 15 Shasyri SN ,Charak Samhita Sutra Sthan Atreybhadrakaapyeya Adhyaya; Chapter-26 Versa 90; Varanasi Chukhambha Bharty Academy 2014, P.521. 16 Nicholson L. B. (2016). The Immune System. Essays In Biochemistry , 60 (3),275–301. Https://Doi.Org/10.1042/EBC 20160017 17 Https://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Pmc/Articles/PMC 3705899/ 18 Nelaturi, P., Nagarajan, P., Sabapathy, S. K., & Sambandam, R. (2021). Swarna Bindu Prashana-An Ancient Approach To Improve The Infant's Immunity. Biological Trace Element Research , 199 (6), 2145–2148. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S 12011-020-02353-Y 19 Jyothy, K. B., Sheshagiri, S., Patel, K. S., & Rajagopala, S. (2014). A Critical Appraisal On Swarnaprashana In Children. Ayu , 35 (4), 361–365. Https://Doi.Org/10.4103/0974-8520.158978 20 Https://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Pmc/Articles/PMC 4492018/ 21 Patil R, Mohan M, Kasture V, Kasture S. Rubia Cordifolia: A Review. Oriental Pharmacy And Experimental Medicine [Internet]. 2009 Mar 31 [Cited 2022 Feb 9];9(1):1–13 22 Devi VK, Jain N, Valli KS. Importance Of Novel Drug Delivery Systems In Herbal Medicines. Pharmacogn Rev. 2010 Jan;4(7):27-31. Doi: 10.4103/0973- 7847.65322. PMID: 22228938; PMCID: PMC 3249899 How to cite this article: Garg NK, Sharma D, Chand T, Bansal S “Immunomodulator Effect Of Swarna Prashana (Oral Administration Of Gold As Electuary) -A Conceptual Study ” IRJAY.[online]2022;5(6); 178-182.Available from: https://irjay.com DOI linkhttps://doi.org/10.47223/IRJAY.2022.5628

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Naresh et. al “Immunomodulator Effect of Swarna Prashana (Oral Administration of Gold as Electuary) -A Conceptual Study” : 2022; 5 (6):178-182 182 Table no 1. Content of Swarn Prashan Sr.no Name Of Raw Drug Quantity Used part 1. Swarn Bhashm 3 mg Bhashm 2. Swarnmakshik Bhashma 6 mg Bhashm 3. Abharak Bhashm 15 mg Bhashm 4. Madhu 10 gm Bhashm 5. Gau-ghrita q.s. Ghrita Kwath Dravya 1. Bhrahmi(Bacopa monnieri) 5 gm Panchang 2. Kantkari (Solanum xanthocarpum) 5 gm Panchang Kalka Dravya 1. Shankhpushpi (Convolvulus pluricaulis) 200 mg Panchang 2. Bhrahmi (Bacopa monnieri) 100 mg Panchang 3. Haritaki (Terminalia chebula) 100 mg Fruit 4. Manjistha (Rubia cordifolia) 50 mg Stem 5. Haridra (Curcuma longa) 50 mg Rhizome 6. Kooth (Saussurea leppa) 10 mg Root