A Conceptual Study on Agnikarma- A Review Article

Review Article This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga Vol. 5 (3),129-136, March, 2022 ISSN: 2581-785 X; https://irjay.com/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.47223/IRJAY.2022.5319 A Conceptual Study on Agnikarma - A Review Article Ajay Kumar Nayak, 1 Shamsa Fiaz 2 1-PG Scholar, Department of Shalakya Tantra National Institute of Ayurveda Jaipur Rajasthan 2-H.O.D , Department of Shalakya Tantra National Institute of Ayurveda Jaipur Rajasthan INTRODUCTION The word Agnikarma consists of Agni + Karma i.e. Heat + Procedure. “When Samyaka dagdha Vrana produced by Agni with the help of various Dravya called as Agnikarma ” 1 Shaman and Shodhan Chikitsa are two types of Chikitsa in Ayurveda. Ayurvedic Samhita mentions a variety of medical procedures such as Ksharkarma , Lepanam , and others. Ayurveda describes Agnikarma as one of the most significant procedures. Patients in today's fast-paced world need immediate relief from every suffering. Agnikarma is one of the quickest methods for reducing Vedana (pain). Agnikarma is described in several Samhitas . All information included in Charak , Sushruta , Vagbhata , and Harita Samhita , from meaning to indication, contraindication, and superiority. In his commentary, Acharya Dalhana explains the several forms of Agnikarma . According to Dalhana , it may be done in an emergency and in any season. However, measures such as covering the affected area with damp clothing, eating cold meals, and applying cold pastes all over the body must be taken in order for the pitta vitiation to be counteract by the cold treatments. Agnikarma is most usually used to treat neurogenic pain, tendinopathies, and disorders of the skin, muscle, vein, ligament, bone, or joint in which pain is the Article Info Article history: Received on: 11-02-2022 Accepted on: 20-03-2022 Available online: 31-03-2022 Corresponding author- Ajay Kumar Nayak, PG Scholar, Department of Shalakya Tantra NIA Jaipur Rajasthan. Email: ajaynayak 9939@gmail.com ABSTRACT: Agnikarma , or heat cauterization, is one of Ayurveda's Anushastras (surgical tool substitutes) or para-surgical techniques. It is said to offer total relief in some chronic ailments that aren't treated by herbal treatment, surgery, or alkaline cauterization. Ancient Indian surgeon Sushruta prescribed various materials such as Pippali (pipperlongum), Ajasakrut (goat's excreta), Godantha (cow's tooth), Shara (arrow), Shalaka (metal rods), Kshoudra (honey), Guda (jaggery), Sneha (oil/fat) etc. for cauterizing specific body parts such as skin, muscle, blood vessels, ligaments, etc. based for various illness conditions, appropriate material should be selected according to the surgeon's rationale. Agnikarma has a multi-faceted effect on the body. Because of its Tikshna (rapid action), Ushna (hotness), Sukshma (subtle), Vyavayi (fast spreading), and Vikashi (works without being metabolised) properties to eradicate Srotorodha (obstruction in channels of body), it is usually employed in Vata and Kapha diseases.The fundamentals of Agnikarma are attempted to be revealed in this essay. Key words: Agnikarma , Anushastra , illness.

Ajay et.al “ A Conceptual Study on Agnikarma - A Review Article ” : 2022; 5 (3):129-136 130 primary symptom. Ulcers with granular neurogenic granules, Hyper-sinuses, tumours, haemorrhoids, fistulain-ano, warts, moles, and joint and vein injuries are also recommended. Agnikarma is also known for its hemostatic qualities. However, it should not be used in cases of extensive bleeding, numerous wounds, or internal organ rupture. This review article will assist everyone in learning everything there is to know about Agnikarma . OBJECTIVES To reveal the clinical importance of features mentioned in Agnikarma , MATERIAL AND METHOD Materials related to Agnikarma is collected from various Samhitas , text books, previous publications on related topic in different journals and electronic media were also searched. Relevant information on Agnikarma , its features, types, method of application are collected. A critical review was done over the same. OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS Dahanupkarana (Instruments used for cauterization): Table no. 1 Dahanupakarana are the instruments to produce therapeutic burns ( Samyak Dagdha ) during Agnikarma chikitsa . They are classified as follows according to various Acharya.As per Acharya Sushruta abovementioned Dahanupakarana are distributed in three groups 2 1 st group is useful in Agnikarma chikitsa of Twak Dhatu (skin). ▪ Pippali ▪ Ajashakrat ▪ Godanta ▪ Shara ▪ Shalaka 2 ndgroup is useful in Agnikarma Chikitsa of Mamsa Dhatu . ▪ Jambaustha ▪ Other Loha 3 rd. group is useful in Agnikarma Chikitsa of Sira , Snayu , Sandhi , Asthidhatu . ▪ Madhu ▪ Guda ▪ Sneha Dahana Vishesha: Dahana Vishesha is the figure produced at the site of Agnikarma done. Acharya Sushruta had mentioned some specific figures which are as follows: 3 1) Valaya (circle) 2) Bindoo (dot) 3) Vilekha (parallelline) 4) Pratisarana (rubbing) On the other hand, Ashtanga Samgrahakara has mentioned three more: Dahana Vishesha 4 with addition to Sushruta Dahana Vishesha . 1) Ardhchandra 2) Swastika 3) Ashtapada Tableno.2 Indication of Agnikarma : Contraindications for Agnikarma 5,6,7 Agnikarma should be avoided in the following conditions 1) Bhinna Kostha 2) Pitta Prakriti 3) Daurbalya (weakness) 4) Vruddha (old aged) 5) AntahShonita (internal haemorrhage) 6) Anuddhrata Shalya

Ajay et.al “ A Conceptual Study on Agnikarma - A Review Article ” : 2022; 5 (3):129-136 131 7- Bala (child) 8- Bhiru (fearful) 9-Multiple Vrana (multiple wound) 10-Who is contraindicated for sudation ( Swedana ) therapy Sudation is contraindicated for the person and suffering from: • Pandu (Anemia) • Pramehi (Diabetes) • Pittarakti (Predominant Pitta and Rakta Prakriti ) • Kshaya (Emaciated) • Ajirna (Indigestion) • Udara Roga (Disease of abdomen) • Visha (In poisoning condition) • Trishna (Excessive thirst) • Chhardi (Vomiting) • Garbhini (Pregnant women) • Who has taken Alcohol 11-Jwara (fever) 12-Abala (Debilited) According to Charaka Agnikarma should not be done in the Vrana of Snayu, Marma, Netra, Kushtha and Vrana with Visha and Shalya. 8 According to Ashatgsangrha Agnikarma should not be done in the patient who take Virechana , suffering from Atisaar (dirrorheoa), who has Shalya in his body, who has boils on body, who is contraindicated for Ksharkarma 9 Classification of Agnikarma : Agnikarma is classified as follows: 1) According to Dravya 10 • Snigdha Agnikarma : Madhu , Ghrita, Taila etc. are used for Sira, Snayu, Sandhi, Asthi type of Agnikarma . • Ruksha Agnikarma: Pippali, Shar, Shalaka, Godanta are used for Twak and Mamsadagdha . 2) According to Akriti – ▪ As described earlier in Dahana Vishesha . 3) According to Dhatu 11 ▪ Acharya Sushruta has given type of Agnikarma according to various Dhatu of body like, Twak Dagdha, Mamsadagdha, Sirasnayudagdha and Asthidagdha . Dagdha Bheda: 12 According to Acharya Sushruta, all Dagdha are included under four types of Dagdha Vrana . 1) Plushtha Dagdha : Here will be discoloration and excessive singeing 2) Durdagdha: It is that in which blisters ( Sphota ) are formed, excessive sucking pain, burning sensation, redness, inflammation and agony are present and which takes a longtime to subside. 3) Samyaka Dagdha : There are Samanya Lakshana (common symptoms) produced in any type of Dhatu (tissue) and special symptoms are only related to the Dhatu concerned. Samanya sign & symptoms of Samyaka Dagdha Vrana : 13 ▪ Ana-Awagadha Vranata (Wound which is not deep) ▪ Talphala Varnata (Fruit of Tala tree-blue-black in color) ▪ Susamshita Vrana (Without elevation or depression) Special sign & symptoms of Samyaka Dagdha Vrana related to Twaka: 1 4 ▪ Shabdapradurbhao (Production of sound) ▪ Durgandhata (Bed odour) ▪ Twak Sankocha (Contraction of the skin) Special sign & symptoms of Samyaka Dagdha Vrana related to Mamsa : 1 5 ▪ Kapotvarnata (Color like that of pigeon i.e. ashy, dark grey)

Ajay et.al “ A Conceptual Study on Agnikarma - A Review Article ” : 2022; 5 (3):129-136 132 ▪ Alpa Swayathu (Mild swelling) ▪ Alpavedana (Less pain) ▪ Shuska Sankuchit vranata (Dry, contracted wound) Special sign & symptoms of Samyaka Dagdha Vrana related to Sira, Snayu : 16 ▪ Krishnavranata (Black coloration) ▪ Unnatavranata (Elevated) ▪ Srava– Sannirodha (Stoppage of discharge) Special sign & symptoms of Samyaka Dagdha Vrana related to Sandhi , Asthi : 17 ▪ Rukshata (Dryness) ▪ Arunata (Dark red coloration) ▪ Karkashata (Roughness) ▪ Sthirata (Stability) 4) Ati Dagdha : Ati dagdha is that burn where muscles are hanging, disorganization of the affected part takes place, severe destruction of vessels, nerved, joints and bones occurs, and which is further complicated by the presence of fever, burning, thirst and unconsciousness; it takes a long time for such wounds to heal and even after healing they remain discolored. This knowledge of the features of these four kinds (degrees) of burns will be helpful for performing his (of the physician) activities (treatments). Superiority of Agnikarma : Agnikarma is superior to Bheshaja , Shastra & Ksharakarma as a disease burnt with Agni will never reoccur. Disease which cannot be cured with medicines, Kshara and Surgery, can be cured with Agni 18 DISCUSSION In terms of clinical practice, Agnikarma is the most important parasurgical technique. Agni can prevent recurrence of sickness and is beneficial in the treatment of chronic illnesses. Because of its Ushna Veerya (Hot potency) and Tikshna Ushna Guna (penetrating property), it works well for Vatha Kaphaja ailments, which are notoriously difficult to treat due to Dosha antagonistic properties. And, as a result of its Ushna Veerya , there is always the danger of vitiating the Pitta and Rakta . To avoid this, the Acharyas rightly advised against doing Agnikarma during the months of Sharad and Greeshma . When talking about contraindications, it's necessary to include the Swedaanarhas . Obesity, debilitation ( Vata dominating state), cataract, anaemia, ascitis, herpes, cellulites/erysipelas, various skin illnesses, diabetes, alcoholic intoxication, and poisoning are among them. Agnikarma will aggravate pitta vitiation in circumstances such as anaemia, toxicity, alcoholic intoxication, erysipelas, cellulites, and skin problems. It might cause the wound to heal more slowly in diabetic people. He is unable to tolerate the heat cauterization because of his diminished mental and physical power. CONCLUSION The action of heat energy in the human body is the subject of Agnikarma . It is a powerful and minimally invasive parasurgical treatment with a wide range of applications in chronic and acute illnesses. This technique has been conducted in many locations and under various names since ancient times. Modern science employs cautery-like tools, which are little more than modernized Agnikarma . Its uses, including as cauterization, laser, and radiation, are frequently used in current surgical practice. It has a wide range of applications that can be supported by a variety of theories. In order to get a crystal clear confirmation of its applications in Ayurveda, new horizons of study should be established in this field Acknowledgement Conflict of Interest – None Source of Finance & Support - Nil REFERENCES 1 Sharma AR, Edited With ‘Susrutavimarsini’ Hindi Commentary.(1 st ed.). Susrutasamhita,Maharshisusruta. Sutra-Stan;Agnikarmavidhi Adhyaya: Chapter 12. Verseno.1,2 (Dalhan). Varanasi: Chukhambha Prakashan, 2010.Pp.85. 2 Sharma AR, Edited With ‘Susruta Vimarsini’ Hindi Commentary.(1 st ed.). Susruta Samhita, Maharshisusruta. Sutra-Sthan Chapter 12.Verseno.4.Varanasi Chukhambha

Ajay et.al “ A Conceptual Study on Agnikarma - A Review Article ” : 2022; 5 (3):129-136 133 Prakashan,2010.Pp.85. 3 Gupta A Ashtang Sangrah, Kaviraj Atridev Gupta Part 1, A. S. Su. 40/3 Chaukhamba Krishna Das Academy, Varanasi Edition 2019.Pp. 258 4 Tripathi B Ashtang. Hridayam. Nirmala Hindi Commentary, Su. 30/41, 42 Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan. 2007.Pp.333. 5 Sharma AR Sushruta Samhita With The Nibandh Sangraha Sanskrita Commentary By Dalhanacharya, Sutrasthana Chap.12/4 Chaukhambha Surbharti Publication, Varanasi, 2014.Pp.51. 6 Sharma AR Sushruta Samhita With The Nibandh Sangraha Sanskrita Commentary By Dalhanacharya, Sutrasthana Chap. 22/11 Chaukhambha Surbharti Publication, Varanasi, 2014.Pp.52. 7 Gupta A Vagbhatta, Ashtang Sangraha With Hindi Commentary By Kaviraj Atridev Gupta, Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, Print– 2011.Pp.258. 8 Sharma AR Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita With The Nibandh Sangraha Sanskrita Commentary By Dalhanacharya, Sutrasthana Chap.12/13 Chaukhambha Surbharti Publication, Varanasi, 2014.pp.52 9 Sharma AR,Sushruta Samhita With The Nibandh Sangraha Sanskrita Commentary By Dalhanacharya, Chikitsa Sthan Chap.32/25-26 Chaukhambha Surbharti Publication, Varanasi, 2014.Pp.515. 10 Sharma AR, Charaka Samhita With Ayurveda Dipika Sanskrita Commentary By Chakrapani, Revisedby Acharya Charaka & Dradhabala, Sutrasthana Chap. 14/15- 18 Chaukhambha Publication, New Delhi, Re-Print 2014.Pp.88. 11 Joshi YG, Charak Samhita Of Maharshi Charak, Chakrapanidatta, Commentator Charakasamhita, Chikitsasthana, 25/105 .Varanasi: Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthana; 2001.Pp.564. 12 Joshi YG, Charak Samhita Of Maharshi Charak ,Chakrapanidatta, Commentator Charakasamhita, Chikitsasthana, 25/105 .Varanasi: Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthana; 2001.Pp.564. 13 Sharma AR Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita With The Nibandh Sangraha Sanskrita Commentary By Dalhanacharya, Sutrasthana Chap.12 /4 Chaukhambha Surbharti Publication, Varanasi, 2014.Pp.51. 14 Sharma AR Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita With The Nibandh Sangraha Sanskrita Commentary By Dalhanacharya, Sutrasthana Chap.12 /4 Chaukhambha Surbharti Publication,Varanasi, 2014.Pp.51. 15 Sharma AR Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita With The Nibandh Sangraha Sanskrita Commentary By Dalhanacharya, Sutrasthanachap.12/6 Chaukhambha Surbharti Publication, Varanasi, 2014.pp.51. 16 Sharma AR, Sushruta Samhita With The Nibandh Sangraha Sanskrita Commentary By Dalhanacharya, Sutrasthana Chap.12/8. Chaukhambha Surbharti Publication, Varanasi, 2014. 17 Sharma AR, Sushruta Samhita With The Nibandh Sangraha Sanskrita Commentary By Dalhanacharya, Sutrasthana Chap.12/8. Chaukhambha Surbharti Publication, Varanasi, 2014. 18 Sharma AR, Sushruta Samhita With The Nibandh Sangraha Sanskrita Commentary By Dalhanacharya, Sutrasthana Chap.12/8.Chaukhambha Surbharti Publication, Varanasi, 2014. 19 Sharma AR, Sushruta Samhita With The Nibandh Sangraha Sanskrita Commentary By Dalhanacharya, Sutrasthana Chap.12/8. Chaukhambha Surbharti Publication, Varanasi, 2014. 20 Sharma AR, Sushruta Samhita With The Nibandh Sangraha Sanskrita Commentary By Dalhanacharya, Sutrasthana Chap.12/8 Chaukhambha Surbharti Publication, Varanasi, 2014.Pp.123 21 Sharma AR, Susruta Samhita, Maharshisusruta. Sutra- Sthan; Agnikarmavidhi-Adhyaya: Chapter 12.Verse No.3.Varanasi Chukhambha Prakashan, 2010 ; Pp.85. How to cite this article : Nayak A.K, Fiaz S.A “Conceptual Study On Agnikarma - A Review Article” IRJAY.[online]2022;5(3);129-136. Available from: https://irjay.com DOI: https://doi.org/10.47223/IRJAY.2022.5319

Ajay et.al “ A Conceptual Study on Agnikarma - A Review Article ” : 2022; 5 (3):129-136 134 Tableno.1 Dahanopakarana Dahanupakarana Su. 19 A.S. 20 A.H. 21 Pippali + + - Aja shakrida + + - Godanta + + + Shara + + + Shalaka + + - Jambavastha + + + Dhatu + - - Madhu + + + Madhuchista + + - Guda + + + Vasa + + + Ghrita + + + Tailam + + + Yastimadhu - + - Suchi - + - Varti - - + Suryakanta - + - Tableno.2 Indication of Agnikarma : No. Vyadhi Ch. Su. A.S. A.H. Y.R. Sha. 1 Shiroroga - + - + - - 2 Vataja Shiroroga - - + - - - 3 Kaphaja Shiroroga - - + - - - 4 Ardhavabhedaka + - - - - - 5 Bhrulata Vedana - - + - - - 6 Vratma Roga - + - - - - 7 Pakshmakopa - + + - + - 8 Shlista Vratma - - + + - - 9 Visavr atma - - + - - - 10 Alaji - - + + - -

Ajay et.al “ A Conceptual Study on Agnikarma - A Review Article ” : 2022; 5 (3):129-136 135 11 Arbuda - - - + - - 12 Puyalasa - - - + - - 13 Abhisanda - - + - - - 14 Adhimanta - + + - - - 15 Lagana - + + + - - 16 Medoj Ostharoga - + + + - - 17 Danta Nadi - + - + + - 18 Krimidanta - + + + - - 19 Adhidanta - - + + + - 20 Shitadanta - - + + - - 21 Dantavriddhi - - + + - - 22 Jalarbuda - - + + - - 23 Arsha - + + + - - 24 Nasa Arsha - - + + - - 25 Karnarsha - - + + - - 26 Lingarsha - - - + - - 27 Yoniarsha - - - + - - 28 Bhagandara + + + + - - 29 Chipa - + - - - - 30 Kunaka - + - - - - 31 Kadara - + + + + - 32 Valmika - + + + + - 33 Jatumani - + + + + - 34 Masaka - + + + + - 35 Tilakalaka - + + + + - 36 Charmakila - + + + + - 37 Prasupti - + - + - - 38 Visachikitsa + - - - - - 39 Sarpadansha + + + + - - 40 Alarkvisha - + - + - -

Ajay et.al “ A Conceptual Study on Agnikarma - A Review Article ” : 2022; 5 (3):129-136 136 41 Lutavisha - - + + - - 42 Mushakavisha - - + + - - 43 Gridhrasi + - - - - - 44 Vatajashula - + - - - - 45 Vishwachi - - + + - - 46 Galaganda - + + + - - 47 Gandamala + - + + - - 48 Apachi - + + + - - 49 Granthi + + + + + - 50 Antravriddhi - + + + + - 51 Shlipada - + + + - - 52 Nadivrana - + + - - - 53 Upadansha - + - - - - 54 Gulma + - + + - - 55 Visuchika - + + + - - 56 Alsaka - + - - - - 57 Vilambika - + - - - - 58 Sanyasa + - - - - - 59 Unmada - - - + - - 60 Yakruta & Plihodar - - + + - + 61 Shonita Atipravritti + + + - - - 62 Sira Sandhi Chheda - + + - - - 63 Visarpa + - - - - - 64 Shotha + - - - - - Vilaya Bindoo Pratisaran Vilekha Swastika Ashtapada Ardhchandra Figure of Dahana Vishesha

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