A Comprehensive Review on Sameer Pannaga Rasa: An Ayurvedic Formulation

Review Article This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga Vol. 5 (3),49-55, March, 2022 ISSN: 2581-785 X; https://irjay.com/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.47223/IRJAY.2022.5306 A Comprehensive Review on Sameer Pannaga Rasa : An Ayurvedic Formulation Loveshikha, 1 Pradeep Kapil, 2 Abhishek Gehlot, 3 O.P. Sharma 4 1 PG Scholar, Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, Post Graduate Training and Research Institute Government Ayurvedic College Patiala, Punjab 2 Principal and Professor, Department of Basic principles, Post Graduate Training and Research Institute Government Ayurvedic College Patiala, Punjab 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, Post Graduate Training and Research Institute Government Ayurvedic College Patiala, Punjab 4 Assistant Professor, Department of Shalakya Tantra, Post Graduate Training and Research Institute Government Ayurvedic College Patiala, Punjab INTRODUCTION Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana is a branch of Ayurveda which mainly deals with the formulations made from the drugs of Herbal, Mineral, Animal, Aquatic and Herbo-mineral sources of origin. Sameer Pannaga rasa is a Herbo-mineral or mineral preparation mentioned in the classics. The name is made from two words; Sameer + Pannaga . The word ‘ Sameer ’ means Vayu / Vata and the word ‘ Pannaga ’ 1 means a snake or snake shaped demon. Hence the word ‘ Sameer Pannaga’ can be expressed as the formulation which is able to pacify or kill the Vatarupi demon or the Vatarupi snake. Ultimately it means, this formulation can heal the disease condition aroused due to Article Info Article history: Received on: 22-01-2022 Accepted on: 13-03-2022 Available online: 31-03-2022 Corresponding author- Loveshikha, Post Graduate Training and Research Institute Government Ayurvedic College Patiala, Punjab Emailsana.ishika@gmail.com ABSTRACT: Sameer Pannaga Rasa mentioned in various classics is one of the Herbomineral or Mineral drug formulations. Three varieties of this formulation are found in the Ayurveda texts with different ingredients, different Bhavana dravya and different method of preparation. The market available Sameer Pannaga Rasa is of Ayurvedic Formulary of India and its basic reference is taken from Ayurvediya Aushadhi Guna Dharma Shastra text. These three varieties are different from each other in context like Anupana , Bhavana dravya , duration for Bhavana , Dose, and Indications etc. Here an attempt has been made to comprehensive review through compilation of Sameer Pannaga Rasa mentioned in various classics and discuss about the properties of the ingredients, different method of preparation and detailed description about the commonly used method of preparation for the Sameer Pannaga Rasa which is Kupipakwa method. Keywords: Ayurveda , Rasashastra, Kupipakwa, Sameer Pannaga Rasa,

Loveshikha et.al “A Comprehensive Review on Sameer Pannaga Rasa : An Ayurvedic Formulation” : 2022; 5 (3):49-55 50 Vata like Mahavata, Sannipata, Unmada, Sandhivata etc. This is an arsenal mercurial formulation mentioned in Ayurvediya Aushadi Guna Dharma Shastra text , 2 which is prepared in Kachkupi by Kupipakwa method. Kupipakwa is an unique method of drug preparation of its own kind. The mineral ingredients of this Kalpa are highly potent. These are also included in the list of poisonous drug by Drug and Cosmetic Act 1940 3 under schedule E 1 because of its highly toxic nature in raw or crude form. But in Ayurveda most of the mineral drug undergoes Shodhana, Marana and other allied processes to eliminate the impurities and toxicity. That is the reason whatever crude drugs taken for preparation of the formulation, the final product will be entirely different which is having total different properties and possesses the capacity to treat the various disease conditions. Different varieties of the Rasayoga named Sameer Pannaga found in various classical texts of Ayurveda . In Rasawangmaya 4 , there are mentioned about three varieties and three methods of preparation 1 . Kupipakva Method 2. Sharava Samputa Method 3. Kharaliya method 1. Kharaliya method: This method is suggested for type 1 Sameer Pannaga Rasa where all the ingredients taken in a Khalva Yantra and triturated well till Kajjali preparation. Seven Bhavana of Brinhgraj Swarasa given and tablet prepared 5 . 2. Sharava Samputa Method: This method is advocated for the type 2 Sameer Pannaga Rasa where all the ingredients taken in a Khalva Yantra, triturated well to obtain the appropriate Kajjali . Then Mardana done with the Tulasi Swarasa for 1-2 days. Then bolus is prepared out of the obtained material and it is wrapped in Abhraka Patra . This wrapped bolus is kept in a Sharava and Sandhibandhana done by closing with another Sharava over it. This Sharava kept in ValukaYantra and agni given for four Yama (12 hrs). The obtained Kapla is taken out after self-cooling and used as Sameer Pannaga Rasa 6 . 3. Kupipakwa Method: If the word KupipakwaRasayana splits into four words i.e. Kupi (Glass bottle)+ Pakwa (Heating)+ Rasa (Mercurial compound)+ Ayana ( Sthana ). This is an unique method of preparation of drug where usually Kajjali is used and the formulation undergoes different processes in gradually increasing fire. Method of Preparation of Sameer Pannaga Rasa : 7 Out of the three types, most commonly used method to prepare this yoga is Kupipakwa method. This method of preparation is described in the text Ayurvediya Aushadhi Gunadharma Shastra and used to prepare the type 3 Sameer Pannaga Rasa . The drugs used in the preparation are to be taken in purified form like Parada, Gandhaka, Manahshila, Haratala and Somala . The quantity used of the ingredients are equal quantity. All the drugs to be taken in a clean Khalva Yantra . Homogeneous mixture should be done by trituration and Mardana till appropriate Kajjali is formed. This Kajjali then should be filled in a Kachakupi (Glass bottle coated with seven layers of mud smeared cloth). This Kachakupi then should be kept in ValukaYantra and Kramagni (gradually increasing fire) should be given for 8 Prahara (24 hrs). After Swangashita (self-cooled), the Kcachakupi taken out and kupibhedana (procedure of breaking the glass bottle) should be done. Sameer PannagaRasa will be accumulated at the bottom of the bottle should be collected and stored in airtight glass container. The colour of this Sameer Pannaga Rasa will be lustrous black colour and it will show yellowish colour if rubbed. METHODOLOGY All the data of Sameer Pannaga Rasa was collected from different Samhitas, Textbooks, Articles, Authentic websites (like NCBI, AYU, Pubmed, etc.) Different References Of Sameer Pannaga Rasa After going through the Ayurveda classics, one can find three varieties of the Sameer Pannaga Rasa formulation. It is mentioned in the classical text like Ayurveda Sarasamgraha, Rasa Chandamshu, Rasayogsagar, Ayurvediya Aushadhi Guna Dharma Shastra and also in Ayurvedic Formulary of India. Ingredient wise, the formulation mentioned in Rasayogsagar as Sameer Pannaga Rasa Pratham is similar to the formulation mentioned in Rasa Chandamshu as Sameer Pannaga Dwitiya (as shown in Table no.1) likewise Sameer Pannaga Dwitiya of Rasayogsagar is similar to Sameer Pannaga Rasa first of Rasa Chandamshu as shown in Table no 2.The Sameer Pannaga Rasa mentioned in Ayurvedic Formulary of India; reference taken from Ayurvediya Aushadhi Guna Dharma Shastra book; the ingredients are as shown in table no. 3 If all the mineral origin ingredients of all the varieties of the Sameer Pannaga Rasa is compiled and the properties of the respective ingredients are discussed then they will be as per the Table no. 4. Following table no.5 is showing the properties of herbal ingredients used in the preparation of various Sameer

Loveshikha et.al “A Comprehensive Review on Sameer Pannaga Rasa : An Ayurvedic Formulation” : 2022; 5 (3):49-55 51 Pananga Rasa In various type of Sameer Pannaga Rasa mentioned in different classics, the dose of this Rasaushadhi, Anupana (adjuvant), Bhavana dravya , duration for Bhavana , indications and method of preparation of the respective formulation can be discussed as shown in table no. 6. DISCUSSION Sameer Pannaga Rasa is a mineral or herbo-mineral formulation of different variety mentioned in the classics. There are mainly three varieties of Sameer Pannaga Rasa . The method of preparation of these three types are also different as kharaliya method, Putpaka method and Kupipkwa method. The most commonly used method for the preparation of this rasa is Kupipakwa method. In Rasayogsagar and Rasa Chandhamshu , two Yogas are given with method of preparation of Kharaliya and Sharavasamputa . If going through type 1 Sameer Pannaga Rasa from Rasa Chandhamshu and Rasayogsagar, the ingredient are same and method of preparation is also same. But there is difference in the Anupana and dose. As in Rasa Chandhamshu dose of the rasa is not given in shloka but in Rasayogsagar dose is given in the Shloka . There is slight difference in the Anupana of the drug also in both the texts it is suggested to use in conditions of Vata and Kapha . The use in Nasya form of this drug is also described. In type 2 Sameer Pannaga , it is mentioned in both Rasayogsagar and Rasa Chandhamshu and there is no difference in both the texts. The method of preparation is Kharaliya for this Yoga and the ingredients of this Yoga are entirely different from type 1 Sameer Pannaga Rasa . In type 3 Sameer Pannaga Rasa that is mentioned in Ayurvediya AushadhiGuna Dharma Shastra it is similar to type 2. Only Manahshila is added extra in this yoga and there is no Bhavana Dravya mentioned and method of preparation is Kupipakawa method. This is the most commonly used type in the field of pharmaceutics. Type 1 and Type 2 Sameer Pannaga Rasa are not seen in the market. So, one can also try to make Sameer Pannga Rasa by these two methods and see the difference on the basis of analytical parameters of these Yoga also. Commonly used Sameer Pannaga Rasa is prepared by the method of Kupipakwa method of preparation, it is described that it will accumulate at the bottom of the Kachakupi . The Sameer Pannaga Rasa mentioned in the Ayurveda Sarasamgraha is similar to that of Ayurvediya AushadhiGunaDharmaShastra text; only difference is that in Ayurveda Sarasamgraha text, the Bhavana dravya is Tulasi Swarasa or Kumari Swarasa , duration of bhavana is 3 bhavana , Dose is ½ to 1 ratti and Anupana mentioned is Nagavalli swarasa/ Ardraka swarasa/ Honey/Sharkara. 22 In the classics like Ayurveda Sara Samgraha , one more type of Sameer Pannaga Rasa is found called Suvarna Sameer Pannaga Rasa 23 where Suvarna is added in 1/4 th quantity and rest of the ingredients are same as mentioned in Ayurvediya AushadhGunaDharmaShastra for Sameer Pannaga Rasa i.e. type 3 Sameer Pannaga . As per the commentary of AyurvedSaraSamgraha 24 text, nowadays this preparation is coming in practice by preparing it as Kanthastha (accumulated at the bottle neck) and showing good results. CONCLUSION From above it is seen that there are different ways of preparing the mercurial formulation called Sameer Pannaga Rasa. But most common used method is the kupipakwa method. In AFI also this method only is available. Market availability of this Rasaushadhi is also of kupipakwa method only. Other methods are not in practice in today’s date. This rasa is commonly used by Vaidyas for various Vatarogas and respiratory ailments. All the ingredients in this rasa contains heavy metals and are considered as toxic in nature. So before preparing this rasa , proper shodhana and marana procedures of all the ingredients should be done carefully and this medicine should only be taken under the expert medical supervision. Acknowledgements:- Nil Conflict of interest -Nil Source of Support -Nil REFERENCES 1. Sanskrit-English disctionary; Google search Dated 20 th May 2020 at 12:50 PM; Sanskrit meaning 2. Gune G, Ayurvediya AushadhiGuna DharmaShastra, part 1 to 5, Kalpa No 104 (Sindurkapla no 9) reprint 2011.pp. 514 3.Chaudhary N, Pharmaceutical Preparation of Sameera Pannaga Rasa under Standard Temperature Conditions Int J Ayu Pharm Chem, 2015 vol.4 Issue 2 4. Chaudhary N, Pharmaceutical Preparation of Sameera Pannaga Rasa under Standard Temperature Conditions Int J Ayu Pharm Chem, 2015 vol.4 Issue 2 5.Hari P, Rasayogasagara, Sa kararadi; shlok no. 1237- 1238 Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, Varansi, 2016.pp. 489, 6. Hari P, Rasayogasagara, Sa kararadi; shlok no. 1237-

Loveshikha et.al “A Comprehensive Review on Sameer Pannaga Rasa : An Ayurvedic Formulation” : 2022; 5 (3):49-55 52 1238 Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, Varansi, 2016.pp. 489, 7. Gune G, Ayurvediya AushadhiGuna DharmaShastra, part 1 to 5, Kalpa No 104 (Sindurkapla no 9) reprint 2011.pp. 514 8.The Ayurvedic Formulary of India, Government of India, Ministry of health and Family Welfare, Department Of Indian Systems Of Medicines & Homeopathy, New Delhi, Second Edition, Print 2003, Part 1, page no. 212 9.Arti et al, A Critical Review Of Parada (Mercury) And Its Toxicity, World Journal of Pharmaceutical And Medical Research, 2018 10. Sharma S, Rasa Tarangini commentary chapter 8, Gandhak-vijnaniya Taranga, shlok 36-38 Chaukhambha Bharati Prakashan, Varanasi ;2015.pp.125. 11. Sharma S, Rasa Tarangini commentary chapter 11, Talakadi-vijnaniya Taranga, shlok 15-16 Chaukhambha Bharati Prakashan, Varanasi ;2015.pp.175. 12. Sharma S, Rasa Tarangini commentary chapter 11, Talakadi-vijnaniya Taranga, shlok 138-144 Chaukhambha Bharati Prakashan, Varanasi ;2015.pp.179. 13. Sharma S, Rasa Tarangini commentary chapter 11, Talakadi-vijnaniya Taranga, shlok 55 Chaukhambha Bharati Prakashan, Varanasi ;2015.pp.168. 14. Sharma S, Rasa Tarangini commentary chapter 24, Vishopvisadi-vijnaniya Taranga, shlok 26-31 Chaukhambha Bharati Prakashan, Varanasi ;2015.pp.437. 15. Sharma S, Rasa Tarangini commentary chapter 13, Ksaratrika-vijnaniya Taranga, shlok 79-81 Chaukhambha Bharati Prakashan, Varanasi ;2015.pp.217. 16.Sharma S, Rasa Tarangini commentary,chapter 10, Abhraka-vijnaniya Taranga, shlok 72-73 Chaukhambha Bharati Prakashan, Varanasi :2015.pp.155 17. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Of India, Government of India, Ministry of health and Family Welfare, Department Of Indian Systems Of Medicines & Homeopathy, New Delhi, First edition, Reprinted 2001, Part 1, volume 1, page no. 103 18. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Of India, Government of India, Ministry of health and Family Welfare, Department Of Indian Systems Of Medicines & Homeopathy, New Delhi, First edition, Reprinted 2001, Part 1, volume 3, page no. 115 19. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Of India, Government of India, Ministry of health and Family Welfare, Department Of Ayurveda, Yoga-Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha & Homeopathy (AYUSH), New Delhi, First edition, Print 2004, Part 1, volume 4, page no. 91 20. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Of India, Government of India, Ministry of health and Family Welfare, Department Of Indian Systems Of Medicines & Homeopathy, New Delhi, First edition, Reprinted 2001, Part 1, volume 2, page no. 174 21. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Of India, Government of India, Ministry of health and Family Welfare, Department Of Indian Systems Of Medicines & Homeopathy, New Delhi, First edition, Reprinted 2001, Part 1, volume 2, page no. 21 22. Ayurved Sarasangrah Kupipakwa-Rasayana Prakarana Shree Baidyanath Ayurved Bhawan Private limited, Nagpur, Print 2012.pp.223 23. Ayurved Sarasangrah Kupipakwa-Rasayana Prakarana by Shree Baidyanath Ayurved Bhawan Private limited, Nagpur, Print 2012.pp. 226 24. Ayurved Sarasangrah Kupipakwa-Rasayana Prakarana by Shree Baidyanath Ayurved Bhawan Private limited, Nagpur, Print 2012.pp.224 How to cite this article : Loveshikha, Kapil P, Gehlot A, Sharma O.P “A Comprehensive Review On Sameer Pannaga Rasa : An Ayurvedic Formulation ” IRJAY.[online]2022;5(3);49-55. Available from: https://irjay.com DOI: https://doi.org/10.47223/IRJAY.2022.5306

Loveshikha et.al “A Comprehensive Review on Sameer Pannaga Rasa : An Ayurvedic Formulation” : 2022; 5 (3):49-55 53 Table no.1: Type one - Reference from Rasayogsagar (Pratham) 5 , Rasa Chandamshu (Dwitiya) S.No. Ingredient Quantity 1. AbhrakBhasam 1 part 2. ShuddhaParada 1 part 3. ShudahaGandhak 1 part 4. ShuddhaVatsnabh 1 part 5. ShuddhaSuhaga 1 part 6. Shutnhi 1 part 7. Maricha 1 part 8. Pippali 1 part 9. BhringrajSwarasa Q.S. Table no.2: Type 2- Reference from Rasayogsagar 6 , Rasa Chandamshu (Prathama) S.No. Ingredient Quantity 1. ShuddhaParada 1 part 2. ShuddhaGandhaka 1 part 3. ShuddhaHaratala 1 part 4. ShuddhaSomala 1 part 5. Tulasiswarasa Q.S. Table no.3: Type 3-Reference from AyurvediyaAushadhiGunadharma Shastra, Ayurved Sara Samgraha , AFI 8 S.No. Ingredients Quantity 1. ShuddhaParada 1 part 2. ShuddhaGandhaka 1 part 3. ShuddhaSomala 1 part 4. ShuddhaHaratala 1 part 5. Shuddha Manahshila 1 part

Loveshikha et.al “A Comprehensive Review on Sameer Pannaga Rasa : An Ayurvedic Formulation” : 2022; 5 (3):49-55 54 Table no.4: Properties of mineral ingredients S.no. Ingredient Properties 1. ShuddhaParada 9 Shadrasa, snigdha,sara guru rasa, ushnavirya, madhuravipaka, yogvahi, tridoshahara, rasayana, balya, vrusya 2. Shuddha Gandhaka 10 Garavishahara, kshudrakushthahara, kasashwasahara, dadrurugahara, chakshushya, jatharagnipradeepak, sara, rasayana, katu rasa, ushnavirya, pachakguna, rasendraviryavardhan 3. Shuddha Manahshila 11 Katutikta rasa, snigdha, ushna, guru, lekhanguna, kasashwasa hara, bhootopdravanashini, agnimandyakshayaanahkandu hara, rasayana, jwarahara, varnya, antidote for visha, enhances vitality (kamam) 4. Shuddha Somala 12 Snigdha, used in parada bandha, tridoshahara, swasahara, kushthahara, shlipadjanyajwaranashak, sandhigatvatajwarahara, agnimandyahara, vishmajwarahara, atisarhara, shothahara 5. Shuddha Haratala 13 Snigdha, bhootjawarvinashnam, kushtha hara, Rasayana 6. Shuddha Vatsanabh 14 Katutiktakshaya rasa, ushnavirya, yogvahi, rasayan, tridoshahara mainly vatakaphahara, deepan, bruhman, balya, agnimandyahara, pliharogahara, vataraktahara, shwasa hara, kasahara, kushtha hara, panduhara, jwarahara, amavatahara, timirrogahara, vishaghna 7. Shuddha Suhaga 15 Katu rasa, ushnavirya, rukshatikshnasaraguna, kaphahara, vatahara, hrudya, kasashwasahara, kamam, agnipradeepak, adhmanhara, balya, stripushpajanan, vrananashan, moodhgarbhpravartak 8. Abhrak Bhasma 16 Snigdha, sitavirya, madhur rasa, ayushya, keshya, varnya, ruchikar, deepan, balya, netrya, medhya, stanyavardhak Table no. 5 : Properties of herbal ingredients S.No. Ingredients Botanical Name Part Used Properties 1. Shunthi 17 Zingiberofficinale Rhizome Katu rasa, laghusnigdhaguna, ushnavirya, madhuravipaka, deepan, pachan, anulomana, amadoshahara, hrudya, vatakaphapaha 2. Maricha 18 Piper nigrum Fruit Katutikta rasa, laghuruksha, tikshanaguna, ushnavirya, katuvipaka, shleshamhara, pittakara, kaphavatajit, vatahara, chedana, dipana, ruchya, jantunashana, medohara, chedi, hrudroga, vataroga 3. Pippali 19 Piper longum Fruit Katutiktamadhura rasa, snigdhalaghuguna, anushnavirya, madhuravipaka, vatahara, kaphahara, deepan, ruchya, Rasayana, rechan, hrudya, vrushya, tridoshahara 4. Tulasi 20 Occimum sanctum Leaf Katu, tikta, kashaya rasa, laghu, ruksha, tikshnaguna, ushnavirya, katuvipaka, deepanhrudya, kaphahara, pittahara, vatahara, krimiaghna 5. Bhringaraj 21 Eclipta alba Whole plant Katutikta rasa, rukshnatikshnaguna, ushnavirya, katuvipaka, balya, kaphahara, vatahara, rasayana, amahara, vishahara, keshya, dantya, tvachya, chakshushya

Loveshikha et.al “A Comprehensive Review on Sameer Pannaga Rasa : An Ayurvedic Formulation” : 2022; 5 (3):49-55 55 Table No. 6: Detailed therapeutics according to various references Therapeutics SameerPannaga Rasa Type 1 RasaYogSagara SameerPannaga Rasa Type 1 RasaChandamshu SameerPannaga Rasa Type 2 SameerPannaga Rasa Type 3 Dose 1 Gunja (125 mg) Not mentioned 2 Gunja (250 mg) 1 Gunja (125 mg) Anupana ArdrakaSwarasa or Sharkara or Triphala ArdrakaSwarasa or Nagavalliswarasa or Sharkara or Trikatu Nagavallidala Nagavallidala Bhavana Dravya Bringarajswarasa Bringarajswarasa TulasiSwarasa No Bhavana Duration for Bhavana 7 Days 7 Days 1-2 Days No Bhavana Indication All types of Vatavikaras, Mahavata and murchha All types of Vatavikaras, Mahavata and murchha Sannipata, Unmada, Sandhibandha, Kapharoga Sannipata, Kaphaunmada, sandhibandha, Kaphavicar Method of preparation Kharaliya Kharaliya SharavaSamputa Kupipakwa

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