The Role of Aragwadha (Cassia fistula Linn.) Against Vata Rakta (Gout) - A...

[Full title: The Role of Aragwadha (Cassia fistula Linn.) Against Vata Rakta (Gout) - A Review]

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Review Article This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga Vol. 4 (11),134-137, November, 2021 ISSN : 2581-785 X; https://irjay.com/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.47223/IRJAY.2021.41122 The Role of Aragwadha ( Cassia fistula Linn .) Against Vata Rakta (Gout) - A Review Ish Sharma, 1 Chander Shekhar Sharma, 2 Gagan Singh Dhakad 3 1 Controller of Examinations, Guru Ravidas Ayurved University Punjab, Hoshiarpur, 2 Professor & Head, Department of Kayachikitsa, Dayanand Ayurvedic College, Jalandhar, 3 Assistant Professor, Guru Ravidas Ayurved University Pujnjab, Hoshiarpur INTRODUCTION In the present worldwide scenario, the exponential change towards adopting the modernization in the existing lifestyle has undoubtedly contributed in the origin of various disease conditions, changing the symptomatology of various pre-existing disorders. Nowadays, there is rise in the percentage of occurrence of various metabolic disorders, which have gripped the population worldwide and among them the Vatarakta (gout) is the blazing health issue among the public. The condition expresses abruptly and is a nagging one. The Ayurveda has its own established concepts and principles and Tridoshas are one of them. The biological and physiological functions of the Sharir (body) are controlled by Tridoshas . The Ayurvedic Samhitas consider Vata Dosha as the most significant among the three Doshas . It is mentioned in the Ayurvedic texts that Vata regulates, activates of Pitta and Kapha along with Dhatu ( Pittah Pangu Kaphah Pangu Pangavo Mal Dhatavaah ) [1] , due to its characteristic features like spreading, quick action, vigor, capability to vitiate other doshas , autonomy, and the power to create the maximum number of diseases [2] . Simultaneously, the role of Rakat has also been highlighted in Ayurvedic texts [3] Vatarakta is a disorder where there is involvement of Article Info Article history: Received on: 22-10-2021 Accepted on: 15-11-2021 Available online: 30-11-2021 Corresponding author- Dr Ish Sharma, Controller of Examinations, Guru Ravidas Ayurved University Punjab, Hoshiarpur, Emaildrishsharma@gmail.com ABSTRACT: The doctrine of Tridosha forms the cornerstone of Ayurveda , the oldest & pioneer healthcare / medical system in the world. The only difference between health and illness is the balance or imbalance among Tridosha . As per Ayurvedic literature, most of diseases arise of some imbalance of Jatharagni (Metabolism Process) .Vata Rakta / Gout is no exception, presenting with simultaneous imbalance among Vata, Rakta, and Agni. As per Ayurvedic therapeutic guidelines, this disease is be to be dealt with through Shaman & Shodhan modalilties . Gout is a prominent metabolic disorder, also featuring in the metabolic syndrome Though much under rated, AAragwadhaa being mildly laxative/ Mridu Virechak , antidermatitis/ Kandughna , anti-inflammatory / Jwarahar poses a huge potential as anti-Gout agent. These properties have been established by various modern researches as well. Keywords : - Ayurveda, Jatharagni, Vata Rakta, Virechan

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Ish , et al .: The Role of Aragwadha (Cassia fistula Linn.) Against Vata Rakta (Gout) - A Review: 2021; 4 (11):134-137 135 Vata and Rakta both [4] . There is a vicious cycle between the aggravated Vata and aggravated Rakta . VataRakta is also known as- Khudaroga,Vata-balasa, Vatashra & Adhya Vata [ 5] .This pathological state is known as Vatashonitam or Vatarakta. Vatarakta is described in detail in Charak Samhita and other Samhitas . In Sushrut Samhita, Vatarakta is described in Vata Vyadhi chapter. In Vatarakta, mainly small joints of feet and hands are affected [6] . On the basis of etiology and symptomatology gout bears similarity to Vatarakta . MATERIALS & METHODS Gout is a metabolic arthritis with an abnormality of uric acid metabolism that results in hyperuricemia, deposition of monosodium urate crystal in joints soft tissue and renal tubules, causing the clinical / laboratory picture [7] . Vatrakta is caused by vitiated Vata Dosha as well as Rakta Dhatu . Aggravated Vata is blocked by Vitiated Rakta, which leads to further Aggravation of Vata Dosha , thus leading to Vatrakat Vitiated Vata having reached the joints of extremities obstruct the way of the Rakat and vitiate Rakat obstructs the way of Vata , thus causes the unbearable pain and leads to death. As per the Dosha predominance , Vata Rakta can be of the following types- 1. Vata Predominant 2. Pitta Predominant 3. Kapha Predominant 4. Rakta Predominant Location wise, Vata Rakta can be Uttana ( superficial) or Gambheera / deep seated [8] . Aragwadhaa There is a wide range of plants described in Ayurvedic texts Aragwadha (Cassia fistula Linn.) is name for Cassia fistula from Leguminosae family and in Sanskrit word, means which eliminate the disease (disease killer). Beautiful yellow flowers fetch it the title of the Golden Shower ( Rajvriksha ). Legume is the usable part, ranging from 6 inches to 12 inches in length and half to one inch in diameter. The ripe legume is brownish black in colour, containing multiple chambers with a seed each, covered in a viscous pulp. It is widespread in India and has various medicinal properties. It is about 10-20 m height. Flowers are in bright yellow colour; petals are 2 inches wide, the flowers are pendula’s racemes 20 to 40 cm long. The flowers contain equal sized five yellow petals. The leaves are pinnate 15 to 60 cm long with three to eight pairs of leaflets. The leaflet is about 7 to 21 cm long and 4 to 9 cm broad. The Aragwadha has a legume about 30 to 60 cm long, 1.5 to 2.5 cm broad [9] . The ripe legume shady brown colour, many are aligned seeded in chamber, seeds are flat covered in a pulp [10] . The plant is rich in phenolic antioxidants such as anthraquinones, flavonoids and flavan- 3- ol derivatives Cassia fistula the results shows positive for alkaloids, terpenoids, reducing sugars, saponins, tannins, carbonyl, phlobatanin, and steroids [11] . Cassia fistula ’ s laxative actions come from a group of well documented compounds called anthraquinone. The seeds contain approximately 2% anthraquinones, 24% crude protein, 4.5% crude fat, 6.5% crude fiber, and 50% carbohydrates. The stem bark contains two flanol glycosides and a xanthone glycosides [12] . The leaves have been documented with 15.88% crude protein, 6.65% crude fat, 20% crude fiber, and 39.86% carbohydrates. In addition, the plant also contain fistulic acid, rhein, rheinglucoside, galactomannan, sennosides A and B, tannin, phlobaphenes, oxyanthraquinone substances, emodin, chrysophanic acid, fistuacacidin, barbaloin, lupeol, beta-sitosterol, and hexacosanol [13],[14] The antiinflammatory property of aqueous extract of leaves and fruits of Cassia fistula was reported [15]. One more study reported about anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity of Cassia fistula in rats by using its ethanolic extract [16] . The Ayurvedic texts have explained the use of Aragwadha in Vatrakat at various places e.g Aragwadha’s ( Cassia fistula Linn ) Ayurvedic formulations for Vatarakta, Drakshadi kwatha [ 17] , Aragvadhadi Kashaya [ 18] , Vataghna yoga [ 19] . Various Samhitas acknowledge its efficacy against fevers, inflammations, skin disorders, Diabetes, fistulae, heart diseases, dysuria, ENT disorders and so on. Raspanchaka • Attributes- Heavy, unctuous, soft • Taste- Sweet • Post Digestion Taste- Sweet • Potency- Cooling • Tridosha Effector – Pitta-kapha Shamak [ 20] Modern research has established many of its potential therapeutics as follows- 1 Leaf extract of Cassia fistula is anti-inflammatory and analgesic [21] 2 A rich source of antioxidants [22], [23] 3 Skin Glow Enhancer

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Ish , et al .: The Role of Aragwadha (Cassia fistula Linn.) Against Vata Rakta (Gout) - A Review: 2021; 4 (11):134-137 136 4 Fatigue Buster [24] 5 Hepato-protective 6 Reduces anxiety RESULTS Metabolic disorders are by and large refractory to conventional treatments and the quest for more be fitting protocols are never ending. Gout, being a disorder from the purine protein metabolism is one such condition. The acuteness and severity of pain is uncommon for an arthritis. Western painkillers offer limited, short-lived relief. The backdrop welcomes newer anti gout concepts. Aragwadha is an apt candidate herb in such a scenario. Charaka in Kalpa Sthana , mentioned as a mild herb free from complications even for the kids. The laxative properties are admitted by all the Acharyas and even by the western pharmacological research Virechanam Pittaharanaamam [25] is declaration by Charaka regarding the efficacy of laxative actions being anti Pitta; Pitta is the main Dosha directly related to the acuteness, inflammation, ulcerations and severity of Gout.This herb will definitely prove to be the wonderful remedy for the sufferers. DISCUSSION Aragwadha is the best Mridu Virechan [ 26] (mild laxative). This property comes handy when laxation is required for a longer duration as the detoxification is at Dhatu level, unlike GIT level which could be corrected faster. A continuous use of laxatives tend to create complications like dehydration. Involvement of skin i.e inflammatory lesion is a common feature in Gout, and almost every Samhita has documented role of Aragwadha in dermatological ailments. As per Ayurvedic principles Virechan i.e laxation tend to remove Pitta followed by Kapha which help to control Pitta , Kapha ,, thus removing obstruction of Vata Dosha which ultimately results in suppression of pain. The basic aim of treatment is Vatshaman and Rakat Prasadan , which is being very well provided by Aragwadha due to its Tikta, Madhur, Kashaya Rasa, Madhur Vipak, Tridoshshamak, Raktashodhak, Dahaprashmana, Pittashamak, Samshodhak, Shoolaprasamana and Shothahar Karam . CONCLUSION Aragwadha , owing to its properties, can be a significant anti-gout agent. Pitta Kapha removal through its Virechak effect and pro-skin effect due to its Prabhava, so it can be conceived that Aragwadha presents a potential anti -gout remedy and should be tried out more and more. Acknowledgment: Nil. Financial Support: Nil. Conflict of Interest: None REFERENCES 1 Krishna P, Sharangadhara Saṃhita of Sharangadhara, Purva khanda,5/4 Shri vaidyanath Ayurveda Bhavan, 1994. 2 Vaidya BHP. Ashtanga Hridaya, Shareera Sthana, Angavibhaga Adhyaya 3/84 Varanasi: Chaukambha orientalia; 2002.pp. 402. 3 Yadaviji T. Agnivesha, Charaka, Dridabala, Charaka samhita, Sutra Sthana, Vidhishoniteeya Adhyaya 24/4; Varanasi: Chaukambha Sanskrit Sansthan; Agnivesha, 2001 p. 134. 4 Gupta A Varanasi: Chakrapanidatta, commentator Charaka samhita, Chikitsa sthana, Vatashonita Chikitsa Adhyaya 29/1; Varanasi: Chaukambha Sanskrit sansthana 2001.pp. 627. 5 YG Joshi. Charak Samhita of maharshicharak, Chakrapanidatta, commentator Charakasamhita, 5 th ed. Vatashonita Chikitsa Adhyaya 29/11; Varanasi: Chaukambha Sanskrit sansthana; (2001) p. 65 6 Shastri K, Charak Samhita, Ayurved depika Vidhyotini teeka, Chikitsa sthan, part-2,chapter 29, verse no.12, varanasi, chaukhamba Sanskrit Samsthanam, 2019, p.731 7 Mahesh T, A. Vijayalakshmi, V Narasimha, Ayurvedic Management of Vatarakta w.s.r to gout- A case study, International Ayurvedical Medical Journal, (April, 2017) 5(4) . 8 Shastri K, Charak Samhita, Ayurved depika Vidhyotini teeka, Chikitsa sthan, part-1, chapter 29, verse no.19, Varanasi, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Samsthanam, reprint 2021, p.749 9 Satish S Therapeutic uses of Cassia fistula: Review international journal of pharma and chemical research I volume 3 I issue 1 Jan – March 2017 page no.38-43 10 Muzafer H.D. Two New Records of Dicotyledonous Species from Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. Research & Reviews: Journal of Botany. 2019; 8(3): 5–7 p 11 Lee C.K, et al. The chemical constituents from the aril Cassia fistula Linn. Journal of Chinese Chemical Society, 2001; 48: 1053-58.

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Ish , et al .: The Role of Aragwadha (Cassia fistula Linn.) Against Vata Rakta (Gout) - A Review: 2021; 4 (11):134-137 137 12 Yueh H, Four New Compounds from the Seeds of Cassia fistula . J. Nat. Prod, 2002; 65: 1165 67 13 Mohammed A “Antioxidant Activities of Phenolic, Proanthocyanidin, and Flavonoid Components in extract of Cassia fistula Linn. Journal of Agri. Food Chemistry, 2002; 50: 5042-47. 14 Sircar P.K, Gibberellic acid in the floral parts of Cassia fistula Linn. Journal of Phytochemistry, 2001; 9: 735-36. 15 Bhatnagar M, .Antioxidant Activity of Fruit Pulp Powder of Cassia fistula. Pharmacognosy Journal, 2010; 2: 219-28. 16 Gobianand K, anti inflamatory and antipyretic activity of Indian medicinal plant cassia fistula linn (golden shower)in wistar albino rats, international general of pharmacology, 6(5), 2010, 719-725. 17 Sharma A.R, Sushrut Samhita Vol 2, Chikitsa sthan 5, verse 8, Chaukhamba Surbharti Prakashan, 2021, p.214 18 Sharma A.R, Sushrut Samhita Vol 2, Chikitsa sthan 5, verse 10, Chaukhamba Surbharti Prakashan, 2021, p.215 19 Gupta A, Ashtang Hridaya, Vidhyotini teeka, Chikitsa sthan, chapter-21, verse no.34, Varanasi, Chaukhamba Prakashan, 2020, p.570 20 Dwivedi S , bhavprakashnighantu, haritkyadivarga , 143, varanasi, Motilal banarasidas prakashan. 2015, p. 45. 21 R. Rajashekar y. A comparative evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of two medicinal plants rubia cordifolia and Cassia fistula in wistar albino rats international journal of basic & clinical pharmacology, 25 march 2017 p.802-806. 22 Md. Irshad, Comparative analysis of the antioxidant property of Cassia fistula extracts. International journal of medicinal chemistry volume 2012. 23 Waqas Haider, Multiresponse optimization of enzyme-assisted maceration to enhance the yield and antioxidant activity of Cassia fistula pods extracts. journal of food measurement and characterization. Dec.2018 volume 12, issue 4, pg no.2685-2694. 24 Sharma P, Borah M, Das S. Evaluation of the effect of ethanolic extract of fruit pulp of Cassia fistula Linn. on forced swimming induced chronic fatigue syndrome in mice. Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2015;10(3):206-213 25 Shastri K, Charak Samhita, Ayurveddepika Vidhyotini teeka, Chikitsa sasthan, part-1,chapter 25, verse no.40, varanasi, chaukhamba Sanskrit Samsthanam, 2019, p.318 26 Shastri K, Charak Samhita, Ayurveddepika Vidhyotini teeka,Chikitsa sthan, part-1,chapter 25, verse no.40, varanasi, chaukhamba Sanskrit Samsthanam, 2019, p.319 How to cite this article: Sharma I, Sharma C.S, Dhakad G.S “The Role of Aragwadha (Cassia fistula Linn.) Against Vata Rakta (Gout) - A Review” IRJAY.[online]2021;4(11);134-137. Available from: https://irjay.com DOI: https://doi.org/10.47223/IRJAY.2021.41122

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