Literary Review Of Shalya Nirharan (Removal Of Foreign Bodies) According To...

[Full title: Literary Review Of Shalya Nirharan (Removal Of Foreign Bodies) According To Acharya Susruta]

P a g e | 108 Review Article. ISSN NO. 2581-785 X IRJAY IS OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF BALA G PUBLICATION International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Ayurveda & Yoga VOLUME 4 ISSUE 10 1 P.G. Scholar, Final Year, Shalya Tantra Department, U.C.A., Dr. S.R.R.A.U., Karwar, Jodhpur (Rajasthan). 2 Head of the Department, Department of Shalya Tantra, University college of Ayurveda, Dr. S.R. Rajasthan Ayurveda University, Karwar, Jodhpur (Rajasthan). Corresponding Author :- Dr. Tarun Meena , P.G. Scholar, Final Year, Shalya Tantra Department, U.C.A., Dr. S.R.R.A.U., Karwar, Jodhpur (Rajasthan). Article received on 27 th July 2021 Article Accepted 16 th Oct 2021 Article published 31 st Oct 2021 ABSTRACT: - Acharya Susrutha defined Shalya Tantra as the science that deals with the removal of different kinds of Shalya (foreign body) and application of Yantra, Sastra, Kshara, Agniand Vrana Nidana . In that for Pranashta Shalya (foreign body) Diagnosis and its removal, Acharya had given separate chapters. The intelligent physician after carefully observing the shape of the foreign body, the place of its lodging and deciding the particular instruments to be used, should pull out the foreign body; those which have ears attached and which are difficult to pull out should be removed with appropriate methods, if necessary with the help of other instruments using them with his intelligence: if not pulled out, these are going to produce swelling, ulceration, severe pain, deformities and even death, hence these should be removed by all efforts. Key Words: Agantuk Shalya , Avabaddha , Anavabaddha , Anuloma , Pratiloma , Paschat Karma . This work is licensed under a creative attribution -Non-commercial-No derivatives 4.0 International License commons How to cite this article: Meena T, Gupta R"Literary Review Of Shalya Nirharan (Removal Of Foreign Bodies) According To Acharya Susruta" IRJAY. [Online] 2021;4(10):108-113. Available from : http://irjay.com ; DOI:-https://doi.org/10.47223/IRJAY.2021.41013 Literary Review Of Shalya Nirharan (Removal Of Foreign Bodies) According To Acharya Susruta Tarun Meena 1 , Rajesh Gupta 2

P a g e | 109 Review Article. ISSN NO. 2581-785 X IRJAY IS OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF BALA G PUBLICATION INTRODUCTION: The Ayurveda described as ‘ Ayu ’- life and ‘ Veda ’ means – to know, ‘The Science of Life’. Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine; it has been originated in India many centuries ago. The basic of Ayurvedic concepts firstly mentioned in Rigaveda then detailed description of disease and their treatment has been explained in the Atharva-veda [1] Ayurveda is Upaveda of Atharveda but sometimes it regarded as sub-division of both Rigaveda and Atharveda . Ayurveda has been divided in 8 major subjects – Ashtanga for better understanding with specialty such as Kaaya Chikitsa (Internal Medicine), Baala Chikitsa (Treatment of Children / Paediatrics), Graha Chikitsa (Demonology / Psychology), Urdhvaanga Chikitsa (Treatment of disease above the clavicle), Shalya Chikitsa (Surgery), DamstraChikitsa (Toxicolog y), Jara Chikitsa (Geriatrics, Rejuvenation) and Vrisha Chikitsa (Aphrodisiac therapy). It has been explained by two sampradaya (schools of thought) - Atreya (Internal medicine branch) and Dhanvantari samparadaya (Surgical branch) [2] Shalya Tantra is one among these Ashtanga which has been explained by Dhanwantari samapradaya . Shalya Tantra is considered as the prime branch because it provides quick relief from disease by the prompt use of Yantra-Shastra Kshar and Agnikarm therapy. Also, diseases treated by surgical intervention are completely eradicated with negligible recurrence [3] Similarly, it is effective in various emergency and traumatic conditions such as head injury, intestinal perforation, foetal distress, urine retention etc [4] Definition Of Shalya : ‘Sarvasharirabadhkaram Shalyam’ (Su. Su. 26/4) According to Acharya Susruta, Shalya is that which produces troubles (pain) for the entire body [5] Types Of Shalya : [6] 1.) Shalya is of two kinds : Sharirik Shalya – (Derived from the body itself) are the teeth, hairs, nails etc., vitiated dhatus, waste products of food and aggravated Doshas . Agantuk Shalya - (Derived from outside/external) are those factors (substances and emotions) which are other than those of the body and which produce pain [7] 2.) Dvividha Shalya – two kinds of foreign body- Avabaddha – Fixed/stuck up Anavabaddha – Not fixed/ Free/ Loose Shalya Adhikara – Composition Of Foreign Bodies: [8][9] Shalya are made from metals, bamboo, wood, grass, horns and bones of animals; especially from iron itself, because it is chiefly used for slaughtering, even among these made of iron, it is shara (arrow) only that is meant here, because it is difficult to be pulled out, of having small mouth and of being suitable for throwing from a distance. It is of two kinds- Karni - having an ear (ear like structure attached at its front) and Slakshna (smooth rod like without any attachments). Generally, these are in the shape of leaves, flowers and fruits of different kinds of trees or the face(mouth) of wild animals and birds.

P a g e | 110 Review Article. ISSN NO. 2581-785 X IRJAY IS OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF BALA G PUBLICATION Methods of removal of foreign bodies which are not fixed (free): [10][11] 1 Svabhava ; By nature/on its own accord. 2 Pachana ; Ripening/Suppuration/creating formation of pus 3 Bhedana ; Cutting/Breaking 4 Darana ; Bursting/ causing bursting 5 Pidana ; Squeezing/ kneading 6 Pramarjana : Sweeping/ Clearing 7 Nirdhmapana : Blowing/Insufflation 8 Vamana : Causing vomiting 9 Virechana : Causing Purgation 10 Prakshalana ; Washing with water/ draining 11 Pratimarsha ; Instilling liquids into nose 12 Pravahana : Straining/ making effort expel out 13 Achushana : Sucking 14 Ayaskanta ; Use of magnet to pull out 15 Harsha : Creating joy Shalya Aharana Marga - Routs Of Pulling Out [12][13] 1 Pratiloma : Pulling out is in backward direction. 2 Anuloma ; Pulling out is in forward direction. Shalya Gati- Directions of movement: Direction of movements of foreign bodies are only five, such as: • Upward • Downward • Backward • Sideward • Straight Shalya Ashraya - Dwelling of foreign bodies- These foreign bodies specially the arrow because of diminished force or because of obstruction, get lodged in the skin and other medium of wounds: or in arteries veins, ligaments, channels, hollow of bones, muscles or other places of body. Shalya Lakshana [14][15] It is of two types. Samanya and Visheshika. Samanya Lakshanas are Syavam (blackish discolouration), Pidakaachitham Sopha (Swelling associated), Vedanavantham Muhurmuhu (pain often), Sonitasravinam (Hemorrhage), Budbudavadunnatham (Elevated like Bubble), Mrdumamsam (surrounding skin is soft). Visheshika Lakshana Twak Gata - Vivarnata (discolouration), Aayatha sopha (widened swelling), Katina (hard). Mamsa Gata - Sophaathivrddhi (increase of swelling), Salyamargan upasamrohana (appearance of new growth in the path of the foreign body, Peedanaasahishnutha (Inability to tolerate pressing), Chosha (Sucking pain), Paaka (formation of pus). Pesi antara – Same symptoms of Mamsa Gata except Chosha (sucking pain), and Sopha (swelling). [16] Sira Gata – Siraadhmanam (distention of veins), Sirashoola (Pain), Sira sopha (Swelling of vein). Snayu Gata – Snayujaalotkshepanam (Lifting up of ligament), Samrambha (Swelling), Ugra ruk (severe pain). Sroto Gata – Srotasam Svakarmagunahaani (loss of function and quality of srotas).

P a g e | 111 Review Article. ISSN NO. 2581-785 X IRJAY IS OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF BALA G PUBLICATION Dhamani Gata – Saphenam Rakta meeray annanilaha Sasabdo Nirgachath (vata getting aggravated cause flow of frothy blood associated with sound, Angamarda (pain all over the body), Pipasa (thirst), Hrllaasa (nausea). Asthi Gata – Vividhavedana Pradurbhava (different kinds of pain), Sopha (swelling). Asthi Vivara Gata–Asthipoornatha (filling of the cavity), Asthinisthoda (constant pricking pain), Samharsho Balavaamscha (profound horripilation). [17] Sandhi Gata – Symptoms same as that of Asthi Gata along with Cheshtoparama (loss of function). Koshta Gata – Aatopa (Gurgling noise), Aanaha (flatulence), Mootrapurishaaharadarsanam chavranamukhath (appearance of flow of urine, feaces and food particles from the orifice of the wound). [18] Marma Gata – Marma viddha vacheshta (symptoms similar to marmabhighata mentioned in 25 th chapter of Sushrutha Samhitha Sutrasthana. Sookshma Shalya - Lakshanaanyaspashtani (Symptoms will be present but slightly). Paschat Karma - Post operative Procedure - The Patient who has fainted should be sprinkled with cold water, his vital spots (organs) should be protected and he should be assured (given courage) [18][19] Next, the foreign body having been removed, the wound should be made free of blood; if the person is suitable for sudation, then the area (wound) should be burnt (cauterized) by fire or ghee (warmed) etc., smeared with mixture of ghee and honey, bandaged and regimen of food and activities advised. Foreign body near the Heart: When the foreign body (arrow) is near the heart, then it should be pulled out in the same direction of it’s entry; comforting (assuring) the patient who is agitated (afraid of the consequences) by the use of cold water; that which is at other places (or in other ways) should be pulled out by cutting it. Foreign body in the throat: When a foreign body made of shell -lac is found stuck up in the throat, then a hollow tube should be introduced first and a heated metal rod inserted though it till it touches the foreign body. When the foreign body adheres to heated rod it should be bathed with cold water, and after it becomes stable (adhering fast) it should be pulled out. Foreign body which is not made of shell -lac should be pulled out by using a rod smeared with lac or bees wax in the same manner as described earlier; say some others. A piece of bone or any similar foreign body, if found stuck up in the throat horizontally, then the patient is made to swallow a ball of hairs, fastened to a strong and lengthy thread, along with liquid food, followed by consuming more liquid food, till his stomach becomes full, then he is made to vomit. During vomiting, after determining that the foreign body has stuck to the ball of hairs, the thread should be pulled suddenly or a soft tooth brush may be used to pull out the ball of hairs. By these acts, if foreign body does not come out, then it should be pushed deep inside. Any injury to the throat happening by this act, then the patient should be given a mixture of honey and ghee or powder of triphala added with honey and sugar, to lick.

P a g e | 112 Review Article. ISSN NO. 2581-785 X IRJAY IS OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF BALA G PUBLICATION Annagrasa Shalya - Bolus of food acting as foreign body- When a bolus of food is present in the throat acting as a foreign body, then the person should be made to bend forward and given a hard hit with the first over his neck without his knowledge, by this the foreign body comes out or he may be made to drink fats, wine or water thus making it enter the stomach Udaka Nirharana - Removing water- When any person has his abdomen filled with water due to drowning accidently or intentionally, he should be held with his head down and his abdomen should be pressed, his body shaken, made to vomit or buried in a heap of ash up to his face Strangulation - Kantha Rodha - [20] When the throat is held tight with force by the arms, rope or creepers, then vata gets aggravated along with kapha and blocks the passage and brings about flow of saliva, froth in the mouth and loss of consciousness. Such as person should be anointed with oil, given sudation, administered strong purgative therapy to the head, and given soup of meat mitigating vata . DISCUSSION: Foreign body present in the eyes etc. come out naturally during the acts such as flow of tears, sneezing, belching, coughing, expulsion of urine, feces and flatus Foreign body stuck up inside the muscles and not causing burning sensation, should be made to come out along with pus and blood by creating suppuration. If it is not coming out, it should cut or torn and then made to come out, should be hit or given a blow either with appliances or with the hand. Minute foreign body lodged in the sense organs should be removed by pouring water, blowing air, wiping, sweeping with hairs (made as brush), cloth (edge of cloth) or hand (finger tips). Foreign body such as particles of food, kapha (which is thick and adhering) small and minute should be removed by inducing breathing (deep and forceful), coughing and blowing air (into the site). Particles of food may be removed by inducing vomiting by inserting fingers into the mouth. [21] Foreign body present in Pakvashaya (large intestine) by inducing purgation. Vrana dosha (pus) present in the cavity of wound should be removed by washing with liquids. In case of obstruction of flatus, urine, feces and fetus (these acting as foreign body) it should be removed by straining. In case of accumulation of air (gas), water (serous fluid), poison, blood and vitiated breast milk etc. it should be removed by sucking by mouth or by using the sucking horn. Foreign body which is facing downwards, not fixed, not having ears (ear like appendages) and the orifice of the wound if wide, that should be removed by using a magnet. Grief produced by many causes which itself is a foreign body present in/ engulfing the heart (mind) should be removed by creating joy CONCLUSION: Shalya (Foreign bodies) are of two kinds avabaddha (fixed) and anavabaddha (not fixed). In brief; methods of removal of foreign bodies which are not fixed are fifteen. For all kinds of foreign bodies whether big or minute, modes of extraction are only two- Pratiloma and Anuloma . Direction of movement of foreign bodies are only fiveupward, downward, backward, sideward and straight. The place which has mild troubles, no swelling, no pain, no complications, clean, soft all around, static, not elevated, searchable thoroughly by probing in all sides through the passage of entry, not having any difficulty for extension and contraction then only the physician should declare such a place as free of foreign body.

P a g e | 113 Review Article. ISSN NO. 2581-785 X IRJAY IS OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF BALA G PUBLICATION Acknowledgment: Nil. Financial Support: Nil. Conflict of Interest: Nil REFERENCE 1 Shastri A, Susruta Samhita, Sutra Sthana chapter- 26 "Pranashtashalya Vijaniya Adhyaya", Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi,2018. pp.547 2 Shastri A, Susruta Samhita Sutra Sthana chapter- 27 "Shalyapanayaniya Adhyaya". Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi,2018.pp.54 3 Murthy K.R Susruta Samhita sutra sthana, English translator Chaukhambha Orientalia Varanasi,2018.pp.57 4 Shastri A, Susruta Samhita, sutra sthana, Su.su. 26/3, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi,2018.pp.57 5 Shastri A, Susruta Samhita, sutra sthana, Su.su. 26/4, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi,2018.pp.59 6 Shastri A, Susruta Samhita, sutra sthana, Su.su.26/6, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi,2018.pp.60 7 Shastri A, Susruta Samhita, sutra sthana, Su.su.26/8, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi,2018.pp.61 8 Shastri A, Susruta Samhita, sutra sthana, su.su.27/3, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi,2018.pp.67 9 Shastri A, Susruta Samhita, sutra sthana, su.su.27/4, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi,2018.pp.67 10 Shastri A, Susruta Samhita, sutra sthana, su.su.27/5, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi,2018.pp.67 11 Shastri A, Susruta Samhita, sutra sthana, su.su 27/17, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi,2018.pp.76 12 Shastri A, Susruta Samhita, sutra sthana, su.su 27/18, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi,2018.pp.76 13 Shastri A, Susruta Samhita, sutra sthana, su.su 27/19, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi,2018.pp.77 14 Shastri A, Susruta Samhita, sutra sthana, su.su. 27/23, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi,2018.pp.78 15 Srikantha Murthy K.R. Sushruta Samhita (English Translation) Vol I Sutrasthana chapter 27 Varanasi; Chaukhamba Orientalia ;2012 p.197-204. 41. 16 Srikantha Murthy K.R. Sushruta Samhita (English Translation) Vol I Sutrasthana chapter - XII) Varanasi; Chaukhamba Orientalia;2012 p.70-73. 42. 17 Srikantha Murthy K.R. Sushruta Samhita (English Translation) Vol I Sutrasthana chapter - XI Varanasi; Chaukhamba Orientalia;2012 pp.63-69. 43. 18 Srikantha Murthy K.R. Sushruta Samhita (English Translation) Vol I Sutrasthana chapter - XIII) Varanasi; Chaukhamba Orientalia;2012.pp.78-85. 19 Srikantha Murthy K.R. Sushruta Samhita (English Translation) Vol I Sutrasthana chapter - XI Varanasi; Chaukhamba Orientalia;2012 pp.63-69. 43. 20 Srikantha Murthy K.R. Sushruta Samhita (English Translation) Vol I Sutrasthana chapter - XIII) Varanasi; Chaukhamba Orientalia;2012.pp.78-85. 21 Shastri A, Susruta Samhita, sutra sthana, su.su.27/3, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi,2018.pp.67

Other Health Sciences Concepts:

[back to top]

Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Literary Review Of Shalya Nirharan (Removal Of Foreign Bodies) According To...’. Further sources in the context of Health Sciences might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Shastra, Yantra, Harsha, Anuloma, Agni, Ashtanga, Ayurveda, Vamana, Bhedana, Kshara, Shalyatantra, Paschat-karma, Sampradaya, Pravahana, Svabhava, Darana, Pidana, Pratiloma, Prakshalana, Samanyalakshana, Pachana, Virechana, Pratimarsha, Shalya-chikitsa, Internal medicine, Surgery, Foreign body, Pranashta Shalya, Shalya Gati.