A Review Study On The Concept Of Dhumapana: A Procedure Of Dincharya

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Bala, Dosha, Shri, Doi, Class, Work, Pir, Vata, Scholar, Cite, Peer, Smoke, Pain, Fast, Krishna, Show, Works, Ayus, Hod, Rani, Yoga, Kaur, Head, August, Eyes, Data, Under, Ear, Ayush, Harjeet, July, Mob, Non, Author, Study, Strong, Samana, Seema]

P a g e | 166 REVIEW ARTICLE ISSN NO. 2581-785 X IRJAY IS OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF BALA G PUBLICATION International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Ayurveda & Yoga VOLUME 4 ISSUE 8 1 Ph.D. Scholar, Shri Krishna AYUSH University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 2 Professor & HOD, Dept. of Swasthavritta & Yoga, SKGAC, Kurukshetra Corresponding Author - Dr. Harjeet Kaur Ph.D. Scholar, Shri Krishna AYUSH University, Kurukshetra, Haryana Emaildrharjeetkaur 90.hk@gmail.com , Mob.- 9352593377 Article received on 12 th July 2021 Article Accepted 20 th August 2021 Article published 31 st August 2021 ABSTRACT: - Dhumapana is a medicated smoke inhalation procedure of dincharya regimen mentioned in Ayurveda text. Dhumapana is a procedure which is used as a preventive measure as well as promotive and curative method. It prevents vitiated vata and Kapha generated Urdhva jatrugata vyadhi (heaviness of head, headache, rhinitis, pain in eyes, ear, cough etc.). Vitiated kapha situated in the head is eliminated very fast by dhumapana . So, after application of collyrium smoking is prescribed. Inhalation of dhuma (smoke) from the dhumavarti (medicated cigar) which is made up of using different herbal drugs by placing it in dhumanetra , an instrument used for smoking. Dhumpana works as both shamana and shodhana therapy for vitiated dosha . The detailed description about the concept of dhumpana as mentioned in Ayurveda is elaborated in this article. Keywords- Dhumapana , urdha-jatrugata vyadhi, dhumavarti , smoking . This work is licensed under a creative attribution -Non-commercial-No derivatives 4.0 International License commons How to cite this article: Kaur H, Rani S “ A Review Study On The Concept Of Dhumapana : A Procedure Of Dincharya” IRJAY. [Online] 2021;4(8): 166-171. Available from: http://irjay.com; DOI: https://doi.org/10.47223/IRJAY.2021.4822 A Review Study On The Concept Of Dhumapana : A Procedure Of Dincharya Harjeet Kaur, 1 Seema Rani 2

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Mouth, Daily, Lips, Shade, Day, Normal, Body, Acharya, Time, Person, Middle, State, Open, Place, Sit, Fat, Bout, Nose, Oil, Kala, End]

P a g e | 167 REVIEW ARTICLE ISSN NO. 2581-785 X IRJAY IS OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF BALA G PUBLICATION INTRODUCTION Definition Inhalation of smoke & exhalation is known as Dhumapana [1] Drinking of smoke is dhumapana or smoking [2] Ingestion of the smoke from dhumavarti (Medicated cigar) through the nozzle( Dhumanetra ) is considered as dhumpana . Here smoke is taken inside through the mouth, so it is called as dhumpana . To abolish the excessive deposition of Kaphadosa from the head Dhumpana is advised. The vitiated kapha is wiped out from the body instantaneously by using this procedure. Dhumpana is considered as the best procedure to manage the vitiated Vata and Kaphadosha . MATERIAL & METHODS This review study has been done by compiling the classical Ayurvedic literature, research journals etc. Based on the collected information and logical interpretation, concept of Dhumapana is described here in this article. RESULTS Classification of Dhumapana Dhumapana is mainly classified into two types on the basis of Avasthabheda (Conditional) and Dainikabheda (Daily) AcharyaCharaka classified into 3 types [3] (1) Dainika (Daily)- Prayogika (2) Avasthika (Conditional)- Snaihika (3) Vairechanika Acharya Sushruta : 5 types [4] (1) Prayogika (2) Snaihika (3) Vairecanika (4) Kasaghna (Antitussive smoke) (5) Vamaniya Acharya Vagbhata: 6 types [5] (1) Shamana ( Prayogika ) (2) Brimhana (Snaihika) (3) Sodhana ( Vairecanika ) (4) Kasaghna (5) Vamaniya (6) Vranadhupana Among all the dhuma , only prayogika dhuma is indicated for healthy individuals and can be used on the daily basis without any complication [6] Preparation of Dhumavarti [7] Dhumavarti is taken in the length of 12 angula . Soaked in water for a day and night. Wrapped (5 layer) with ribbon of cloth smeared with paste of drugs. Thickness of varti should be of middle portion of thumb. It should be dried in shade not in direct sunlight and should be removed of its reeds. Smear one end of the Varti with any suitable fat material like ghrita or oil. Place it in Dhumanetra (instrument used for smoking). Then ignite it with fire and used. Dhumapana Procedure [8] Person should sit in straight and attentive position. Initially, bring the respiration to normal state. Keeping the lips and mouth open, slowly suck the smoke from the upper end of the nozzle ( Dhumanetra ). Smoke ingested through mouth and should be exhaled through the mouth itself. If the person inhaled through the nose, inhale slowly through each nostril alternatively after closing the respective alternate nostril. Inhalation should be done thrice(Each time 3 bout should be taken, 1 bout = sucking the smoke and exhale it out). Smoke inhaled through the nose or mouth should be expelled through the mouth because exhaling through the nose may adversely affect the vision [9] Dhumapana Kala (Timings) [10]

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Tooth, Moustache, Beard, Purity, Gold, Act, Silver, Holder, Ache, Falls, Loss, Mind, Memory, Fruit, Keep, Eye, Riju, Senses, Sleep, Anger, Oral, Sense, Sneha, Tip, Hair, Plays, Akala, Till, Role, Free, Kantha, Kasa, Goal, Proper, Bath, Taste, Voice, Chambers]

P a g e | 168 REVIEW ARTICLE ISSN NO. 2581-785 X IRJAY IS OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF BALA G PUBLICATION Prayogika : Snatva (After taking bath), Bhuktva (After taking food), Samulikhya (After vomiting/ emesis, Kshutva (After the act of sneezing). Dantannighrshya (After brushing teeth), Navanante (After NasyaKarma ), Anjanante (After anjanakarma ), Nidrante (After sleep) These are the 8 kala where there will be dominancy of the vata and kaphadosha , so to eliminate the excessive accumulation of these dosha dhumapana should be done. According to Acharya Sushruta,Prayogika dhumapana should be done [11] After brushing teeth, after taking bath, After consuming food After any surgical procedures Snaihika : A Dhumapana which is done with Sneha and a Dhumapana which is does Snehana. [12] Snaihika Dhumapana should be used after passing urine and faeces, sneezing, anger, laugh and coitus [13] Vairechnika : A Dhumapana which removes the utklishta dosha from nose [14] It should be done after bath, daysleep ( Diwaswapan ), Vomiting [15] A healthy individual to receive the Prayogika Dhumapana should be done 2 times/day [16] , [17] Snaihika : 1 time in a day till lacrimation begins [18] Vairecanika : 3 to 4 times a day [19] Pramana of the Prayogika DhumaNetra ( dhumavarti holder) [20] 36 angulas in length. Breadth of the tip of the nozzle should be kolasthipramana (Seeds of jujube fruit). It should be straight with 3 bulges (3 joints/curve). Should have three chambers/ joints/ curves ( Riju , Trikoshafalitam, Triparva ). Made up of metals e.g. gold, silver etc. Benefits of Samayaka Yoga (proper inhalation) of Dhumapana : [21] Sense of the purity and lightness in hridaya (Chest region), Kantha (Throat) and all Indriya (Sense organs) Laghutva in Urdva - jatrugata (Lightness in the head and shoulder) [22] It is very essential to keep all senses disease free and proper functioning for lifelong period. Dhumpana plays an important role to achieve this goal [23] Elimination of the excessive accumulated Kaphadosha . Pacification of the Vatadosha. Features of improper inhalation of Dhumapana or AyogyaLaksana [24] Improper cleansing of oral cavity, absence of clarity of voice, Vitiation of the Kaphadosha in Kantha (Throat), Heaviness of the oral cavity. AtiyogaLakshana / Akala Dhuma Laksana : Badhirya (Deafness), Andhya (Blindness), Mukatva (Loss of voice), Raktapitta (Epistaxis), Sirobhrama (Giddiness) [25] Murcha (Fainting), Shiroroga (Head disorder), Srotaabhighata (Injury to sense organs): ( Acharya Sushruta ) Benefits of Prayogika dhumapana Promotional benefits: Sense of the lightness and pleasure in senses, voice and mind. Enhances the strength of the tooth, hair of head, moustache and beard. Imparts sense of purity and lightness in oral cavity [26] Preventive benefits: Shirogaurava (Heaviness of head), pain in ear and eye, Kasa (Cough), Hanugraha (Stiffness of jaws) , Shirasula (Head ache), Pinasa (Rhinitis), Hikka (Hiccup), Manyagraha (Torticollis), Ardhavabhedaka (Headache), putigraha (Pus discharge from nose), shvasa (Dyspnea), arocaka (Loss of taste), dantasula (Tooth ache), Asyagandha (Halitosis), galasundi (Uvilities) , Upajivhika (Sublingual cyst) , Khalitya (Hair fallS), Ksavathu (Sneezing), Anidra (Loss of sleep) , Palitya (Greying of hair), Adhikatandra (Stupor), mukhasrava (Excess salivation) , Indralupta (Alopecia), Smrtinasa (Loss of memory) , Urdvajatruroga (Diseases of

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Wise, Foods, Trishna, Ame, Fish, Guna, Less, Vacha, Nasya, Trigger, Dis, Better, Delivery, Brain, Cure, Present, Sira, Shira, Carbon, Daha, Shoka, Part, Vaca, Shosha, Area, Honey, Due, Sharad, Season, Milk, Pita, Pitta, Atom, Shrama, Talu, Ritu]

P a g e | 169 REVIEW ARTICLE ISSN NO. 2581-785 X IRJAY IS OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF BALA G PUBLICATION head and shoulder) , Svararoga (Disorder of voice ) [27] Persons unfit for Dhumapana : Person who have done Shodhanakarma (Purificatory procedure) are contraindicated . Virikta (After virechana or purgation), Bastikarma (After enema) , Rakti (After raktamokshana or bloodletting) , Disease specific contraindication , Visanartha – poisonous condition, Shoka (In grief) , Srama (Tiredness) , Ame (Indigestion) , Murcha (Unconsious) , Pitte (Pitta dominancy) , Bhrama (Stupor) , Trsna (Thirst) , Ksine (Emaciation) , Madhyapita (Alcohol consumption) , Dugda - pita (Milk consumption) [28] Contraindication in following activities- Prajagare (Night wakeful state) [29] Contraindicated after these foods: Sneha - pita (Oleation) , Maksikapita (Honey intake) , Bhuktvadadhyanna (Curd intake), Ruksha (Dried food) [30] Conditional contraindication- In Pittaprakriti , Grismakala , Pittaprakopakala (Sharad Ritu) , Garbhini (pregnancy) [31] Disease wise contraindication- Daha (Burning sensation) Panduroga (Anaemia) , Talu - shosha (Dryness of palate), Chardi (Vomiting) , Siroabhigata (Head injury), Udgra (Belching) , Timira (Cataract) Prameha (Diabetes) , Udara and Unmade , Uraksata (Injury to chest) , Durbala (Weakness), Urdhvavata [32] Conditional contraindication- Bala (Children), Vriddha (Senile period) in Alpakapha (Less Kapha ) [33] Contraindication in food- Matsya (Fish), Yavagupana [34] Contraindication in activities- Langhana (Fasting / starvation) [35] DISCUSSION When the Dhumapanadravya is lightened with fire, it releases the smoke, soot and CO 2 . Carbon atom in CO 2 has the tendency to stimulate the respiratory center present in brain stem, this may trigger the normal physiological function of respiratory system. Dis-infective action of the Dhumapana Dravya like Haridra , Guggulu and Vacha cleanses the respiratory tract, oral cavity and pharynx [36] Dhumpana also indicated in Vasantritukaal [37] Because the kapha dosha accumulated in hemantaritu due to Sheeta Guna gets liquify in Vasantritu by the sunlight. By the use of Dhumpana in this season, one should prevent the accumulation of dosha and helps in elimination of kaphadosha . Dhumpana is advised as after process of Nasya [38] and Vamana [39] to remove the residual part of accumulated dosha which can cause other diseases. Shira (head region) is the place of Kaphadosha [40] so this area is more potent of Kaphajavyadhi . CONCLUSION • “Prevention is better than cure” so it is better to prevent accumulation of Dosha than curing the disease caused by the vitiated dosha . Dhumapana is the important method for this [41] • Dhumapana is scientific, rational & logical approach in the drug delivery system specially in respiratory system. • By Dhumpana the drug reaches the desired site of action directly & thus initiate as immediate action. • Dhumpana act like- Expectorant, protection of mucosa, Liquefy the increasing secretions etc. • In Dhumpana volatile oil when administered orally or inhale with steam increase the respiratory secretions by direct stimulation.

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Print, Shastri, Tika, Vaidya, Prakashan, None]

P a g e | 170 REVIEW ARTICLE ISSN NO. 2581-785 X IRJAY IS OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF BALA G PUBLICATION Acknowledgement - None Conflict Of Interest - None Financial Support - None REFERENCES 1 Trikam J Chakrapanidatta on Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi reprint 2009, Sutrasthana 5/35; page no.38 2 Trikam J Charaka Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi reprint 2009, Sutrasthana 5/35,page no.38 3 Trikam J Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita edited by Vaidya Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi reprint 2009, Sutrasthana 9/91, page no.722 4 Trikam J Sushruta Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi print 2010, Chikitsa Sthana 40/3, page no. 552 5 Shastri H, Ashtang Hridyam, Chaukhambha Sanskrita Prakashana, Varansi, 2014, Sutrasthana 21/2 page no. 294 6 Trikam J Chakrapanidatta on Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi reprint 2009, Sutrasthana 5/20-24 page.no.29 7 Trikam J Dalhan Tika on Sushruta Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi print 2010, Chikitasthana 40/3 page no.552 8 Triapthi R, Ashtang Samgrah Chaukhambha Sanskrita Prakashana, Varansi, Sutrasrthana;30/11 9 Trikam J Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi reprint 2009, Sutrasthana 5/33-35 page no.38 10 Trikam J Sushruta Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi print 2010, Chikitsa Sthana 40/13, page no.552 11 Trikam J Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi reprint 2009, Sutrasthana 5/36, page no.39 12 Trikam J Sushruta Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi print 2010, Chikitsa Sthana 40/18, page no. 554 13 Trikam J Dalhan Tika on Sushruta Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi print 2010, Chikitasthana 40/3, page no.552 14 Sushruta Samhita edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji, Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi print 2010, Chikitsa Sthana 40/18, page no.554 15 Trikam J Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi reprint 2009, Sutrasthana 5/36, page no.39 16 Trikam J Sushruta Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi print 2010, Chikitsa Sthana 40/18; page no.554 17 Trikam J Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi reprint 2009, Sutrasthana 5/36, page no.40 18 Trikam J Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi reprint 2009, Sutrasthana 5/36, page no. 40 19 Trikam J Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi reprint 2009, Sutrasthana 5/49-53, page no.43 20 Trikam J Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi reprint 2009, Sutrasthana 5/52, page no.42 21 Trikam J Chakrapanidutta on Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi reprint 2009, Sutrasthana 5/36, page no.38-39 22 Trikam J Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi reprint 2009, Sutrasthana 5/32, page.no.39

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Sudha, Hindi]

P a g e | 171 REVIEW ARTICLE ISSN NO. 2581-785 X IRJAY IS OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF BALA G PUBLICATION 23 Trikam J Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi reprint 2009, Sutrasthana 5/53. Page no.42 24 Trikam J Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi reprint 2009, Sutrasthana 5/54-55 page no.43 25 Trikam J Sushruta Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi print 2010, Chikitsa Sthana 40/15, page. No.554 26 Trikam J Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi reprint 2009, Sutrasthana 5/27-32, page no.36 27 Trikam J Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi reprint 2009, Sutrasthana 5/41-45, page no.41-42 28 Trikam J Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi reprint 2009, Sutrasthana 5/42, page. No.41 29 Trikam J Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi reprint 2009, Sutrasthana 5/43, page no.41 30 Trikam J Sushruta Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi print 2010, Chikitsa Sthana 40/11, page no.554 31 Trikam J Sushruta Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi print 2010, Chikitsa Sthana 40/11, page no.554 32 Trikam J Sushruta Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi print 2010, Chikitsa Sthana 40/12.page no.555 33 Trikam J Sushruta Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi print 2010, Chikitsa Sthana 40/13, page no.555 34 Trikam J Sushruta Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi print 2010, Chikitsa Sthana 40/13, page no. 555 35 Samagandi, K, Swasthavritta Sudha, Ayurved Sanskrit Hindi Pustak Bhandar, Dincharya Chapter 2, page no. 35 36 Trikam J,Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi reprint 2009, Sutrasthana 6/24, page no. 46 37 Trikam J Sushruta Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi print 2010, Chikitsa Sthana 40/13, page no.555 38 Trikam J Sushruta Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi print 2010, Chikitsa Sthana 33/10, page no.517 39 Trikam J Sushruta Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi print 2010, Chikitsa Sthana 64/36 40 Trikam J Acharya Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita Chaukhambha Subharti Prakashan, Varanasi reprint 2009, Sutrasthana 5/32, page no.40

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Samana, Shodhana, Ayurveda, Vata, Sneha, Brimhana, Pittaprakriti, Avasthika, Kasaghna, Dhumapana, Dhumanetra, Bhuktva, Vranadhupana, Snatva, Dhumavarti, Kaphadosha, Dincharya, Weakness, Burning sensation, Sense-organ, Persons unfit, Loss of memory, Normal state, Loss of voice, Purificatory procedure, Loss of sleep, Headache, Vitiated Kapha, Vision, Head region, Head and shoulder, Respiratory system, Healthy individual, Surgical Procedure, Oral cavity, Lacrimation, Respiratory tract, Utklishta Dosha, Head injury, Smoking, Clarity of voice, Urdhva Jatrugata Vyadhi, Greying of hair, Respiratory center, Dried food.