Critical Review On Nasya Karma

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[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Bala, Deepak, Ganesh]

VOLUME- 3 | ISSUE- 10 OCTOBER 2020 IRJAY IS THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF BALA G PUBLICATION 235 VOLUME- 3 | ISSUE- 10 OCTOBER 2020 ABSTRACT : Nasya karma is the special Panchakarma procedure where the drug is administered through Nasal Route. The medicated drug that is put into nostril moves in the channels up to the sringataka marma(Sira Marma) and spreads to whole of the interior of the head(Brain) and to the junction where all the channels related to the eyes, ears, oropharynx situated together thus shows influence on shiras by removing out the accumulated vitiated doshas localised in shiras of all sinuses in the skull.This action of Nasya karma is known as sirovirechana. According to Vagbhatacharya the nasal passage is considered as the Channel for head (brain) i.. e “Nasa Hi Siraso Dwaram’’ . Therefore, Nasya Karma pacify all accumulated doshas and related diseases. Nasya Karma is a therapeutic procedure in which the medicated oils, Swarasa, Kwatha or Churna is administered through nasal cavity to eliminate the vitiated Doshas situated in Sira (Brain) for the treatment of urdhwa Jatrugata Vikar . The First Cranial nerve (olfactory nerves) are connected with the higher centers of the brain i.e., limbic system which contains amygdaloidal complex, hypothalamus and basal ganglia. so, the drugs administered through nose stimulate the higher centers of brain which in turn alters the endocrine and Central nervous system functions, by controlling the doshas . The medicated drug also enters into the systemic circulation, intracranial region by lymphatic and Vascular Pathway. The present review article is compiled from many articles and research papers collected from different websites along with related materials from ancient ayurvedic classics Keywords - Nasya, Panchakarma , Nasal cavity, Shira, Doshas. ISSN:2581-785 X ISRA Impact Factor : 1.318 SJIF Impact Factor : 5.69 Critical Review On Nasya Karma Review Article Issue: 10 Volume: 3 Dr. Ganesh T. Aher 1 , Dr.Deepak K. Dobade 2 1 Associate Professor, Department of Panchakarma,Siddhakala Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Sangamner, Dist. Ahmednagar,Maharashtra. 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Rachana Sharir, Siddhakala Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Sangamner, Dist. Ahmednagar, Maharashtra.

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[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Saman]

VOLUME- 3 | ISSUE- 10 OCTOBER 2020 IRJAY IS THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF BALA G PUBLICATION 236 VOLUME- 3 | ISSUE- 10 OCTOBER 2020 INTRODUCTION Nasya karma is a Scientific therapeutic procedure, where medicated drugs are administered through nasal cavity to cure urdhwa jatru gat vikar and other systemic disorders. In Ayurveda head (shira ) is considered as one of the three principle vital organs of the body, where the prana resides and seat for all indriyas, hence considered as uttamanga . The Nasya therapy is highly effective in curing a number of diseases related to the head, if performed scientifically and systematically. The therapy also cleanses and opens the Strotas (Micro channels) of the head, thereby improving the process of oxygenation (Prana), which has a direct impact on the functioning of the brain 1 . Vagbhattacharya has classified Nasya into three types by means of their mode of action Virechana, Brimhana & Samana . Acharya Caraka has said, ‘’ Dwaram Hi Shirso Nasa” & divided Nasya in three categories Rechana, Tarpana, Saman. . Acharya Charak also classified Nasya into five categories Navana, Avapidha, Dhampan, Dhuma, Partimarsh . Navana Nasya is considered as best among all. Acharya Susruta hassaid ʽʽ Ausadhamsidho va sneho nasikabhayam diyate ety nasyam” the medicated drug which is administrated through nasal route is known as nasya & he divided Nasya in two categories Shirovirechana & Snehna by means of their mode of action 2 .In Ayurvedic Classics, the word nasya has been taken Preferably to mention the root of administration of the drug. As mentioned by Sushrutacharya, medicines or medicated oils administrated through the nose is known as nasya 3 .In this Present paper an attempt has been made to critically review the factors related to nasya How to Cite the Article : Dr. Ganesh T. Aher, Dr.Deepak K. Dobade , Critical review on nasya karma , IRJAY, October: 2020 Vol- 3, Issue-10; 235-243, Doi: https://doi.org/10.47223/IRJAY.2020.3103 Article received on-05 Oct Article send to reviewer on-7 Oct. Article send back to author on-17 Oct. Article again received after correction on -27 Oct. Corresponding Author : Dr. Ganesh T. Aher , 1 Associate Professor, Department of Panchakarma,Siddhakala Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Sangamner, Dist. Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. Mail id:drganeshaher 77@gmail.com

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[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Karna, Pushpa, Chin, Sneha]

VOLUME- 3 | ISSUE- 10 OCTOBER 2020 IRJAY IS THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF BALA G PUBLICATION 237 VOLUME- 3 | ISSUE- 10 OCTOBER 2020 karma from various research articals, Magzines and Ancient Ayurvedic Classics MATERIAL AND METHODS The materials and Methodology for this study have been collected from various Scientific Sources like ancient Scientific literatures, International Publications, Magazines etc Historical Background Pacifications of diseases( Dosha) from the routes of Nasa (Nostrils), Chibuka (Chin), Shira (Head), Karna (ear) and Jiwha (tongue) are mentioned in Rigveda (Ri.V. 10-16-4). Etymology The word Nasya is derived from ‘ Nasa Dhatu’ . In Ayurvedic Classics, ‘Nasa Dhatu’ is used in sense of Nose (Nasa Nasikayam) . The literal meaning of the word Nasya is the thing which is beneficial to the Nose. Definition and Synonyms Transnasal administration of medicated drug is called as ‘Nasya’ , which are in the form of Swarasa, Kwatha, Kalka and Sneha. Shirovirechana, Nastapraschardhana, Navana, Nastahkarma , Shirovireka and Murdhavirechana are the Synonyms mentioned in Various ayurvedic classics. Table no.1 : CLASSIFICATION OF NASYA Sr. No. Author Type Name 1 Charakacharya 3 According to mode of action- Rechana, Tarpana, Shamana 5 According to Method of administration- Navana, Avapidana, Dhmapana, Dhuma, Pratimarsha 7 According to various parts of drugs utilized- Phala, Patra, Mula, Pushpa, Kanda, Niryasa, Twaka 2 Sushrutacharya 5 Shirovirechana, Pradhamana, Avapida, Nasya, Pratimarsha 3 Vagbhatacharya 3 Virechana, Brimhana, Shamana 4 Sharangdharacharya 2 Rechana, Snehana 5 Kashyapacharya 2 Shodhana, Poorana

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[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Shad]

VOLUME- 3 | ISSUE- 10 OCTOBER 2020 IRJAY IS THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF BALA G PUBLICATION 238 VOLUME- 3 | ISSUE- 10 OCTOBER 2020 OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE OF NASYA The procedure of Nasya therapy can be divided into The Following Three Steps - 1. Purvakarma 2. Pradhanakarma 3. Paschatkarma Purvakarma It includes – A) Collection of essential materials- Before giving Nasya , collection of essential materials and equipment should be done. There should be a special room“ Nasya Gruha (Nasya room)” free from atmospheric effects like direct flow of air and dust etc. and with appropriate light arrangement 4 . Following things should be collected before Nasya – a) Nasya Asana – Nasya table b) Nasya Dravya(Ausadhi) – Drugs required for Sirovirechana should be collected in the form of Kalka,Curna, Kshira,Kwatha, Udaka, Sneha, Asava,Dhuma etc. c) Nasya Yantra – For Snehana, Marsa, Avapida and Pratimarsa Nasya , there should be a Pichu or dropper( Suktika) . For Pradhamana Nasya ‘ Shad angula Nadi’ and specific Dhumayantra for Dhuma Nasya are required. Along with these one needs efficient assistant, dressing materials, spitting pots, napkins, bowl and towels also. B) Examination of Patient- Preparation of Patient- Following instructions should be given to the patient before nasya procedure according to Sushrutacharya- Advice the patient to pass the natural urges like urine and stool. Then ask the patient to lie down on Nasya table. Mridu Abhyanga should be done on scalp, fore head, face & neck for 10-15 minutes by medicated oil like Til tail, Balatail etc. Snehana should not be administered internally before Nasya Karma . According to ancient Ayurvedic classics Svedana should not be given to the head. Mridu Svedana should be given for liquification of Dosha . Tap Sveda may be given over Sira, Mukha, Nasa, Manya, Griva and Kantha region. Cloth dipped in hot water may beuseful for Mridu Sveda 5 . PRADHANA KARMA Pradhana karma includes following things- Pouring of Nasya Yoga 6 -8 Ask the patient to lie down in supine position with ease on Nasya table, head should be “Pralambita”. It should be excessively flexed or extended position. If the head is not lowered, the nasal medication may not reach to the target and if it is lowered too much, there may be danger that the medicines lodged in brain. Just After covering the eyes with clean cotton cloth, the physician should raise the

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[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Luke, Bindu, Uttam]

VOLUME- 3 | ISSUE- 10 OCTOBER 2020 IRJAY IS THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF BALA G PUBLICATION 239 VOLUME- 3 | ISSUE- 10 OCTOBER 2020 tip of the nose with his left thumb and with the right hand the Luke warm medicine should be poured in both the nostrils. The drug should not be more or less, it should be in the proper/desired quantity. It should be Luke warm. Advice the patient to keep calm and relaxed while taking Nasya . The Patient should avoid speaking, sneezing, laughing, and shaking of head while Nasya Prayoga . EVALUATION OF SAMYAK, AYOGA AND ATIYOGA SYMPTOMS Samyak Yog Lakshan 9 There is feeling of Laghuta ( lightness) in the chest region and head, all the five sense organs work in a proper manner and all body channels are open and clear in case of Samyak Yog Lakshan. Ayog Lakshan 10 There is feeling of something chocking the throat, Guruta (heaviness) in head and excessive salivation in case of Ayog Lakshan . Atiyog Lakshan 11 Severe Pricking pain in head, eyes, temporal region, ears and cataract in case of Atiyog Lakshan. Table no.2: P ASCHAT KARMA In Paschat karma Immediate measures after Nasya administration is to advice the patient to lie in supine ( Uttana )Position for about one minute. After Pouring of Nasya , feet, shoulders, palms and ears should be massaged 12 .The patient should be advised to avoid swallowing of Nasya Ausadhi & Kaphadi Doshas . Patient must be instructed to spit out the excessive medicine which has come into the oropharynx 13 . Medicated Gandusha and Dhuma are administered to expel out the remnant Kapha lodged in Kantha and Sringataka Marma . Patient Should be advised to stay at windless place and take laghu Aahar and Luke warm water. The Patient should avoid, smoking, sunlight, alcohol, riding, anger, excessive fat and liquid diet 14 . NASYA DOSE Charakacharya has not mentiooned the dose of Nasya . Sushrutacharya and Vagbhatacharya have mentioned the dose of Nasya in the form of bindus (drops).One Bindu means the quantity of liquid which falls from the finger after dipping the two phalanges of Pradeshni i.e. index finger 15 . Nasya Type Hriswa Dose Madhyama Dose Uttam Dose Snehana nasya 8 16 32

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[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Netra, Bhaskar]

VOLUME- 3 | ISSUE- 10 OCTOBER 2020 IRJAY IS THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF BALA G PUBLICATION 240 VOLUME- 3 | ISSUE- 10 OCTOBER 2020 Shodhan nasya 4 6 8 Avapeedak nasya 4 6 8 Marsh nasya 6 8 10 Pratimarsh nasya 2 2 2 PROBABLE MODE OF ACTION The Medicated drug which is administrated by nasal route reaches Shringataka Marma by Nasa srotas and then spreads in the brain & reaches at the junction place of Netra, Shrotra, Kantha Siramukhas 1 6 . According to Susrutacharya Shringatak marma is sadyapranahar marma and classified it as a sira marma 17 .& as per Acharya Vagbhatta it is a dhamini marma 1 8 According to Dr. Bhaskar Ghanekar's view, shringataka marma can be considered as cavernous sinuses on the basis of suggestions given by Rasyogasagar 19 .This is the venous structure in between which artery passes; and veins directly drains into it, also the veins of nose & ear indirectly joins it. Hence, Cavernous sinus may be considered as Sringataka Marma. Intranasal route for therapeutic purposes arises from the anatomical, physiological and histological characteristics of the nasal cavity, which provides rapid systemic drug absorption and quick onset of action. Nasal drug delivery is superior than that of oral because of hepatic first-pass metabolism and drug degradation is absent; nose-brain pathway leads to nearly immediate delivery of some nasal medications to the cerebral spinal fluid, bypassing the blood brain barrier 20,21 . DISCUSSION The Standard operative procedure of Nasya karma has been described on the basis of various studies. Ayurvedic classics have mentioned that the ‘Nasa’ (Nose) being the gateway to brain ( Sira). With the immensely accurate studies in anatomy, its now infer that nose is one of the most important routes for medicine administration in diseases of head & neck. Nasal cavity is covered by a very thin mucosa which is much vascularized. Hence, a drug can be transferred quickly & directly into the systemic circulation. CONCLUSION From this article we can conclude that if Standardized procedure of nasya therapy is

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[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Nil]

VOLUME- 3 | ISSUE- 10 OCTOBER 2020 IRJAY IS THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF BALA G PUBLICATION 241 VOLUME- 3 | ISSUE- 10 OCTOBER 2020 followed as mentioned in Ayurvedic classics, then it would provide all the possible benefits given in Ayurvedic textbooks. Nasya Therapy acts as sirovirechana i.e. elimination of doshas and also act as shamana , controlling the doshas . It also plays important role in nourishing the panchagnanendriya (sense organs) adhistana located in shiras. Acknowledgement:- Nil Financial Assistant:- Nil Conflict of interest :- Nil

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[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Shri, Lal, Chand]

VOLUME- 3 | ISSUE- 10 OCTOBER 2020 IRJAY IS THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF BALA G PUBLICATION 242 VOLUME- 3 | ISSUE- 10 OCTOBER 2020 REFERENCES 1. Charaka Samhita ,siddhisthana, Trimarmiyasiddhiadhyay 9/4, Available from: http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/echarak (Accessed on 1 Oct. 2020) 2. Kaviraja Ambikadutta Shastri, Susruta Samhita of Maharsi-susruta, chikitsa sthan, Volume I, Reprint edition 11, chaukhambha Santhan, Varanasi, 1997, chapter 40 verse 21 Page no.224. 3.,K.R.Srikantha Murthy, Susruta Samhita, Chikitsa sthana, Vol.2, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi, 1997,Chapter 40 verse 21, , Page No.395. 4. Kaviraj Ambikadatta Shastri Editors , Sushruta Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana, Vol. I, Reprint edition 11, chaukhambha Santhan, Varanasi, 1997, chapter 40 verse 2 ,Page no.224. 5. Kaviraj Ambikadatta Shastri Editors , Sushruta Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana, Vol. I, Reprint edition 11, chaukhambha Sanskrit Santhan, Varanasi, 1997, chapter 40 verse 25 ,Page no.225. 6.Shastri K N, Chaturvedi GN, Charak Samhita, Siddhisthana, Edition Reprint 1998, ”Vidyotini” Hindi Commentary Part 2, Chaukhamba Bharti Academy, Varanasi, chapter 9 verse 92 ,Page no.102. 7. Shri Singhgupt sunu Vaghbhattacharya vichrit, Ashtanga Hridaya, Sutrasthan, Shri Lal Chand Vaidya Krita Sarvanga Sundari Vyakhya, Varanasi, 1998, chapter 20 verse 18 ,Page no 20. 8. Kaviraj Ambikadatta Shastri , Sushruta Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana, Vol. I, Reprint edition 11, chaukhambha Sanskrit Santhan, Varanasi, 1997, chapter 40 verse 26 ,Page no.225. 9. Shastri K N, Chaturvedi GN, Charak Samhita, Siddhisthana, Edition Reprint 1998, ”Vidyotini” Hindi Commentary Part 2, Chaukhamba Bharti Academy, Varanasi, chapter 1 verse 51 ,Page no.62. 10. Shastri K N, Chaturvedi GN, Charak Samhita, Siddhisthana, Edition Reprint 1998, ”Vidyotini” Hindi Commentary Part 2, Chaukhamba Bharti Academy, Varanasi, chapter 1 verse 52 ,Page no.62. 11. Shastri K N, Chaturvedi GN, Charak Samhita, Siddhisthana, Edition Reprint 1998, ”Vidyotini” Hindi Commentary Part 2, Chaukhamba Bharti Academy, Varanasi, chapter 1 verse 53 ,Page no.62. 12. Shri Singhgupt sunu Vaghbhattacharya vichrit, Ashtanga Hridaya, Sutrasthan, Shri Lal Chand Vaidya Krita Sarvanga Sundari Vyakhya, Varanasi, 1998, chapter 20 verse 20 ,Page no 22. 13. Kaviraj Ambikadatta Shastri , Sushruta Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana, Vol. I, Reprint edition 11, chaukhambha Sanskrit Santhan, Varanasi, 1997, chapter 40 verse 30 ,Page no.226.

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[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Sharma, Govind, Gupta, Ajab, Prakashan]

VOLUME- 3 | ISSUE- 10 OCTOBER 2020 IRJAY IS THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF BALA G PUBLICATION 243 VOLUME- 3 | ISSUE- 10 OCTOBER 2020 14. Kaviraj Ambikadatta Shastri , Sushruta Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana, Vol. I, Reprint edition 11, chaukhambha Sanskrit Santhan, Varanasi, 1997, chapter 40 verse 31 ,Page no.226. 15.Shri Singhgupt sunu Vaghbhattacharya vichrit, Ashtanga Hridaya, Sutrasthan, Shri Lal Chand Vaidya Krita Sarvanga Sundari Vyakhya, Varanasi, 1998, chapter 20 verse 18 ,Page no 202. 16. Kaviraja Atrideva gupta , Astanga samgraha , Sutra Sthana, Vol. I, Reprint edition 11, Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy , Varanasi, 1997, chapter 29 verse 216 ,Page no 216. 17. Kaviraj Ambikadatta Shastri , Sushruta Samhita, Sharir Sthana, Vol. I, Reprint edition 11, chaukhambha Sanskrit Santhan, Varanasi, 1997, chapter 6 verse 68-69. 18. Kaviraja Atrideva gupta, Astangahradaya of Vagbhata, sharir sthan ,Chaukhambha Prakashan Varanasi 221001(India), chapter 4 ,page 199. 19. Dr. Bhaskar Govind Ghanekar, Susruta Samhita Sharir Sthan Commentary, Reprint 2012,Sanskrit text with “Ayurvedrahasyadipika” Meharchand Laximandas Publication New delhi 110002,Chapter 6,page 200. 20.Sharma PK, Chaudhari P, Kolsure P, Ajab A, Varia N. Recent trends in nasal drug delivery system ‐ an overview. 2006; 5: vol 4. 21.M E Aulton, Pharmaceutics: The science of dosage form design. Churchill Livingston, Reprint edition 2002; Page no.494 ‐ 503

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