Role Of Herbal Drugs In Dadru Kustha And Other Fungal Skin Disease : A Review

Volume- 3, Issue- 3 IRJAY 28 IRJAY, Vol- 3, issue-3, March: 2020; 28-35 ABSTRACT - Ayurveda describes skin diseases under the broad heading called ' Kustha’ . Therefore, the ‘ Kustha’ is the whole concept of Dermatology as described in modern medical science. All the skin diseases in Ayurveda have been classified in to Mahakustha (7 types) and Kshudrakustha (11 types) . Acharya Charak has included Dadru in Khsudra Kustha , where as Acharya Sushruta and Acharya Vagbhata have explained under Mahakustha Kustha is produced invariably by the vitiation of seven factors ; Three Dosha and Four Dushya . Dadru one of the most common Volume- 3, Issue- 3 Review Article Role Of Herbal Drugs In Dadru Kustha And Other Fungal Skin Disease : A Review Dr. Jyoti Kaushal 1 , Dr. M.N.Gupta 2 1 P.G. Scholar, State Ayurvedic College & Hospital ,Lucknow,U.P. India 2 Reader , P.G. Department of Kaumarabhritya ,State Ayurvedic College & Hospital ,Lucknow,U.P. India Article received on-30 March Article send to reviewer on-30 March Article send back to author on-2 April Article again received after correction on -3 April Corresponding author- Jyoti Kaushal, P.G. Scholar, State Ayurvedic College & Hospital ,Lucknow, Email id,jyotikaushalidhauli@gmail. com

Volume- 3, Issue- 3 IRJAY 29 IRJAY, Vol- 3, issue-3, March: 2020; 28-35 but miserable variety of Kustha affects the population of all age group . Dadru is one among Kustha rogas .It can be correlated with Tinea infections . 39% of World population is suffering from it. In India also, 5 out of 1000 people are suffering from Tinea infections . It is a group name for a highly contagious segmented mycelial fungus. It is commonest single fungus group infections found in an unhygienic condition especially in tropical and subtropical countries, unless properly treated they become chronic. Incompatible foods and activities which are mentioned in Ayurveda is also an important cause of Kustha. Various antifungal agents have been used for the treatment of these infection. Most common systemic agents used are Terbinafine , Fluconazole , Iitraconazole .In Ayurveda, so many herbal drugs Chakramard beej,Bakuchi dana ,Sarshapa ,Haridra ,Daru haridra ,Motha which are experimentally proved to control and treat Kustha without any adverse effect Keywords ; Dadru kustha, Herbal drug ,Antifungal activity INTRODUCTION: Skin is the mirror of the body which reflects internal health or diseased condition. It is a link between internal and external environment and is also seat of complexion which maintains beauty and personality. It provides individual identity in the society. As being the largest organ of the body and being on the surface ,it is directly exposed towards microorganism. In Ayurveda all the skin diseases are described in ‘Kustha Roga’ .The word Kustha described from; which makes the body ugly. According to Ayurveda , a disease that tears or pulls out and destroy the beauty of the body and any type of skin disease is called ‘Kustha’ 1 The word Kustha means the whole concept of Dermatology as described in modern medical science. Seven materials affected morbidly are the causative source of Kustha such as three dosha(Vata,Pitta,Kapha) vitiated by etilogical factors and four dusya (Twak,mamsa,rakta and lasika) affected with affliction by dosha 2 No skin disorder is caused by a single dosha 3 According to ayurvedic texts, all Acharya have described eighteen types of Kustha and among them seven considered as Maha Kustha and eleven as Ksudra Kustha but nomenclature is different 4

Volume- 3, Issue- 3 IRJAY 30 IRJAY, Vol- 3, issue-3, March: 2020; 28-35 According to ancient text ,habitually take incompatible food items and liquids, unctuous and heavy substances ,suppress the natural urges particularly of vomiting , are exposed to physical exercise and intens heat after eating,excessively use cold, hot ,lightening measures and diet against prescribed order may initiates the etiopathogenesis of Kustha 5 Acharya Sushruta has mentioned that Kustha is a type of communicable disease 6 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1-To analyze about Ayurvedic management of Dadru Kustha. 2-To show the importance of Ayurvedic treatment in the management of Dadru Kustha MATERIALS AND METHODS: Material : -Relevant literature is referred in Samhitas, Sangraha granthas and contemporary literature along with personal experiences. Methodology:- Review study Literature related to the title is explored from all reliable Ayurvedic journals and internet. Conclusion has been drawn from systemic analysis, comparison and rationale. DISCUSSION Dadru kustha is a type of Kustha that comes under Kshudra Kustha but Acharya Vagbhata and Acharya Sushruta explained under Mahakustha 7 -8 . Acharya Dalhana classified Dadru into Sitha &Asitha 9 Acharyas not explained separate Nidana for Dadru Kustha . According to Acharya Charak among the six layer of skin ,the fourth one is the seed of origin of Dadru 10 Dadru is Kapha Pitta pradhan skin disease 11 and identified by symptoms such as Kandu, Deerghapratana, Utsanna ,Mandala, Raga ,Pidika . Dadru can be correlated with the clinical features of Tinea . The related fungi are dermatophytes capable of causing skin changes of the type Tinea or ringworm or dermatophytes or mycosis 12 It is a fungal skin disorder. Because of increase numbers of immunocompromised children ,the number of invasive fungal infections has dramatically increased in both developed and developing countries. An antifungal drug is used to treat fungal infection, but use of such type of drug in large way makes the unusable due to resistance and its toxicity so people move towards herbal drugs which is more safe. In the present scenario , an emergence of multiple drug resistance in human pathogenic fungi and the small number of

Volume- 3, Issue- 3 IRJAY 31 IRJAY, Vol- 3, issue-3, March: 2020; 28-35 antifungal classes available stimulated research directed towards the discovery of novel antifungal agents from other sources, such as medicinal plants 13 There is some herbal medicinal plants which play important role in antifungal activity Chakramard A study was conducted on 80 patients of Dadru (a type of Kustha) for evaluation of Lepa of a paste of leaves as external use and seeds powder as internal use.The maximum relief was observed in symptoms in itching ,lesion and redness 14 Leaves and seeds are used in the treatment of skin disorders(Ringworm and itch) 15 The leaf extract has shown the significant antifungal activity to inhibit the growth of Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Trichophyton mentagrophyte. 16 It shows antifungal activity due to chrysophenol and crysophanic acid-9 enthrone and other anthraquinones such as emodine, physcion and rhein 17 In Ayurveda ,the plant is used in ‘ Dadrughani vati’ and ‘ Pamari Taila’ 19 . Bakuchi dana Bakuchi is conventionally used in ayurvedic system of medicine for the treatment of various kind of human disorders but especially for treatment of skin disorders such as Psoriasis, Leucoderma and leprosy in the form of internal medication 20 as well as external application 21 . The methanol seed extract of P.corylifolia comprise of a promising antifungal activity against M.furfur , Candida albicans and A. niger as compare to seed oil . The use of P.corylifolia oil can help cure several skin diseases like Tinea versicular, scabies ,ringworm and psoriasis 23 Sarshapa Brassica species contain contrasting profiles of glucosinolates which have biocidal activity on different pathogens including bacteria and fungi. Mustard oil is an effective antifungal ,ant parasitic, antibacterial, disinfecting and antimicrobial oil that protects the skin fro infections, wounds from getting septic and heals minor skin problems like cuts , athlete’s foot, ringworm, insect bite, small lacerations, abrasions etc Haridra The international literature reports on fungi control properties of turmeric pertaining to the plants extracts ,the essential oil and certain bioactive constituents of the plants which may prove it as an effective fungicidal in fumigation 24 Arturmerone constituted

Volume- 3, Issue- 3 IRJAY 32 IRJAY, Vol- 3, issue-3, March: 2020; 28-35 87% of the fungotoxic component of the oil.The purified ar-turmerone showed antifungal activity similar to the crude oil 25 Daru haridra Its active principle is berebrine which is shown to be active against variety of microorganism like bacteria ,viruses, fungi, protozoa etc 26 Ethanolic root extract of B.aristata shows antifungal activity 27 Three extracts of B.aristata (Aqueous , alcoholic and powdered root in digital led water )were tested for anti fungal activity .All the three extracts shows antifungal activity against Candida and Aspergillus species tested ,except C,krusei out of three type of extracts ,the bets results were obtained by using alcoholic extract. Significant antifungal activity was found against Candida species and Aspergillus species 28 Motha Essential oil and alcoholic extract of C.rotundus have anti fungus activity.Chemical analysis showed the presence of compounds with Best-Known antimicrobial activity ;as well as anti fungal activity like –one, 8-cineole,geranial , germacrene-D, Limonene, Linalool, and application 29 CONCLUSION Dadru Kustha is a skin disease which is correlated with the fungal skin disorder in Modern medical sciences . All the herbal medicine described above have different types of extract which shows antifungal properity. The use of modern medicine for the treatment of fungal skin disease in large amount or for prolonged duration; shows toxicity and develops resistance .So for present and future perspective ;some herbal drugs which are safe and effective are described in so many researches. The presented review summarizes the information concerning the new profile of antifungal drugs obtaining from herbal medicinal plants

Volume- 3, Issue- 3 IRJAY 33 IRJAY, Vol- 3, issue-3, March: 2020; 28-35 REFERENCES 1 Radha kanta deva,Sri gainendrapresa,, Shabdhakalpadhruma (Dvitiyakanda) Delhi,1961,Motilala banarasi das:,p.161 2 Sharma PV , Charak Samhita , Edition 2008 Chukhambha Orientalia, Nidana Sthana 5/3, Page 455 3 Sharma PV , Charak Samhita , Edition 2008 , Chukhambha Orientalia ; Chikitsa Sthana 7/10 Page 125 4 Hewageegana HGSP, A Study of skin Diseases :Kshudra Kustha ,Depicted in Sanskrit Original Sources with special Reference to Vipadika and its management ;PhD thesis ;2005. 5 Sharma PV ,Charak Samhita , Edition 2008,Chukhambha Orientalia ;, Chikitsa Sthana 7/4-5 Page 125 6 Sharma PV ,Susruta Samhita Varanasi;2005,Chukhambha Vishwa Bharati, 7 Shri Pnadita Lalachandra Shastri Vaidya ,edited by Vaidya Ranajitaraya Desai;3 rd Edition Ashtanga Sangraha of Sarvanga Sundari Vyakhya Samhita Sutrasthana-Pratama Bhaga ;Shri .Baidyanath Ayurveda Bhavana ,Pvt,Ltd Nagpur ,1986:137. 8 Vaidya Yadavaji Trikamji Acharya ,Shri.Dalhanacharya,Susruta Samhita of Susruta with the Nibhanhasangraha Commentary of the Nyaya Chandrika of Shri Gayadasa Acharya ;5 th Edition Varanasi,2005 Chukhambha Orientalia ,:37 9 Sharma PV (ed).Susruta Samhita, Chuakhambha Sanskrit samsthana;Vol 2;2003 page no.38 10 Sharma PV ,Charak Samhita , Edition 2008. Chukhambha Orientalia ; Nidana Sthana 7/4; Page 455 11 Acharya Vaidyadhar Shukla and Ravi Dutta Tripathi,Charak Samhita of Agnivesh revised by Charak Redacted By Drudbala with Vaidyamanorama ,Hindi Commentary, Delhi reprint -2012 Chuakhambha Sanskrit Pratishthan. chapter -7 Chikitsa sthanashloka -39-40 page no-186. 12 Burns,Breathnach ,Cox,Griffiths,Rook’s textbook of dermatology, 7 th Edition-2004, Blackwell publishers vol-2 chapter -31.19. 13 Eliasbetsky E ,Souza GC,Etnofarmacologia como ferramenta na busca de substancias ativas. In: C.M.O. Simoes,Farmacognosia da planta ao ,medicamento,UFRG e UFSC, Porto Alegre/Florianopolis 2002,107-122.

Volume- 3, Issue- 3 IRJAY 34 IRJAY, Vol- 3, issue-3, March: 2020; 28-35 14 SainiJR, Mandal KS,Role of Chakramarda Bija (Cassia tora Linn.) on Dadru Kustha;A randomized controlled grup trial,International Journal Of Ayurveda and Pharma Research,(2017) : 5(6). 15 Hooker ,J.D.,the Flora of British India, Vol.II,L.Reeve and Co.,England ,1879,p.26] 16 Mukharjee P.K., Saha K., Das J. Saha B.P.,Pal M., Antifungal activity of leaf extract of Cassia tora linn, Phytother. Res., 1996,10,521-522] 17 Acharya T.K. and Chatterjee I.B. , Isolation of chrysophanic acid -9-anthrone, a fungicidal compound from cassia tora, Sci.Cult.1974,40,376] 18 Acharya T.K. and Chatterjee I.B. , Isolation of chrysophanic acid -9-anthrone, The major antifungal Principle of Cassia tora,Lloydia,1975,38,213. 19 Thakur RS,Puri HS,Husain A,Major Medicinal Plants of India,1 st Edition ,1989,P-143]. 20 Siddhinandan Misra, Bhiashjya Ratnavali Varanasi ,Edition 2009 Chaukhambha Publication (54/353-358) Khadiraristha –Kustharogadhikar. 21 Siddhinandan Misra, Bhiashjya Ratnavali, Varanasi ,Edition 2009 Chaukhambha Publication (54/302-310) Somraji Taila –Kustharogadhikar. 22 Borate A,Udgire M,et al , “ Antifungal activity associated with P. corylifolia Linn (Bakuchi) seeds and chemical profile crude Methenol seed extract”Mintage Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical sciences,July-Sep 2014,3(3);4-6. 23 http;//www.home remedies –for –u-you.com /ask question /3682/ what –are-the –benefits-andside-effects-of-babchi-oil.html. 24 Yichen Hu,Jiaoyang Luo,Weijun Kong, Jinming Zhang,Antonio F.Logrieco,Xizhi Wang et. Al. Uncovering the antifungal components from turmeric(Curcuma longa L.) essential oil as Aspergillus flavus fumigants by partial least squares.RSC Adv.2015;5;41967-41976 http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C 5 RA 01725 D . 25 Dhingra OD,Jham GN,Barcelos RC,Mendonca FA,Ghiviriga I.Isolation and identification of principal fungotoxic component of turmeric essential oil.J Essent oil Res 2007; 19:387-39. http;//dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2007.9699312. 26 Amin AH,Subbaiah TV ,Abbasi KM.Berberine sulphates;antimicrobial activity ,bioassayandmode of action .Canad.J Microbiol 1969;15:1067- 76.http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m 69-190.

Volume- 3, Issue- 3 IRJAY 35 IRJAY, Vol- 3, issue-3, March: 2020; 28-35 27 Sharma Radhey Shyam ,Mishraa Vandana, Singha Ram,Setha Nidhi and Babua C.R. Antifungal activity of some Himalayan medicinal plants and cultivated ornamental species .Fitoterapia 2008 December ;79(7-8):589-63. 28 Shahid M,Rahim T, Shahzad A., Tajuddin ,Latif A, Fatima T,Rasid M Raza Adil and Mustafa S .Ethnobotanical studis on Berberis aristata DC. Root extracts .African J of Biotechnology 2009 February 18;8(4);556-63. 29 Kemprajvivek and Sumangala,2008; Duarte et al ., 2005.

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