Notes and References for chapter 1

(1) Macdonell A.A.: 'A History of Sanskrit Literature,' (P.24). Radhakrishnan S: Indian Philosophy (V.I), (P. 63) Bhattoji Diksit: Siddhanta Kaumudi Paniniya Dhatupatha, (2) (3) (a) √ (b) (၁) heuheu √ faca under the sutra no 34 111 (2 P), p 415 under the sutra no. 3.1.60 (4 A), p. 425 √ fant under the sutra no. 7.1.59, (6 P), p. 449 under the sutra no. 6.4.36 (7 A), p. 445 (d) √ff (e) √ faz -damenafdar under the sutra no. 7.3.101 (10 A), p. 459

(4) (5) St (6) zhe 42 Dayanand S: Rgvedadibhasyabhumika (p.10 ) - 'vidanti jananti vidyante bhavanti vindati vindante labhante vindanti vicarayanti sarve manusyah satyavidyam yaih yesu va tatha vidvasah ca bhavanti te vedah || " Vide : (a) Radhakirshnan S : op. cit (vol. I). p. 128. (b) Burrow T : The Sanskrit Language (p. 67 ) (c) Schultz M: 'The Hindu Philosophy' ( p.1) " srutisca nah pramanamatindriyarthavijnanotpatau " Sankarabhasya:(2 3 2 ) " (7) Sayana and Bhatta Bhaskara's com. on taittiriya samhita (Vol. I, p. 2) istaprapti anistapariharayoh alaukikam upayam yo granthato vedayanti sa veda and also tasmat vedasya vedata | " (8) (9) The derivations given by different authorities are as under: (a) siddhamta kaumudi - vido late va | (3.4.83) (b) amarakosa - vid jane vidanti anena dharmam vedah | (1.6.3), (p.64 ) vidanti vedena (c) taittiriya brahmana- vedidevebhyah vilayata tam vedena anvavidan vedena vedim vividuh prthivim | (3.3.9.69) (d) taitiriya samhita- vedosi vittirasi vedetyaha vedena vai deva asuranam vittamam vedyam avindanta tad vedasya vedatvam (1.5.7.) Vide: Fatahsingh: The Vedic Etymology (pp 218-219), for details vide - Datta Bhagvad Vedic Vangamaya ka itihasa (vol. I ) pp 140-144. Radhakirshan S: op. cit (Vol. I), P. 67. 'The Vedas are His breathing' ( Sayana ) and also Brhadaranyaka Upanisad (II. 4. 10) sa yatha''daidhagnerabhyahitatprthagdhuma viniscarantyevam va are'sya mahato bhutasya nihsvasitametadyadrgvedo yajurvedah samavedo'tharvangirasa itihasah puranam vidyopanisadam slokah sutranuvyakhyanani vyakhyananyasyaivaitani nihsvasitani || 10 || Thus it appears that the vedas were praduced from the Absolute Being (10) Mehta Narmadasankar C : Upanisad Vicarana' (P. 3-4). (11) Winternitz M. A History of Indian Literature, P. 48. (12) apastambha Paribhasa (1.34 ) com. by Dhartaswami & translated by Bhattacarya SS. mantrabrahmanatmako vedah | (13) Cough A.E 'Philosophy of Upanishads & Ancient Metaphysics, (Perface: iv-vi) Vide: (a) Gairola Vacaspati Sanskrta sahitaya ka itihasa P. 143, (b) Upadhyaya Baladeva: Bharatiya darsana, P 29. (14) Upadhyaya Baladeva: op. cit., P 29 Cf. Srimad Bhagavad Gita (IX. 20-21 ) traividya mam somapah putapapa yajnairistrava svargatim prarthayante | te punyamasadya surendralokamasnanti divyandivi devabhogan || (15) Gairola Vacaspati: op cit.,' P. 139

43 (16) Radha Krishnana S.: The Principal Upanisahds, P. 19.Vide: Apte V.S.-Sanskrit English Dictionary, (P. 287) (17) (18) It is also said: upaniyenamatmanam brahmastadvayam tatah | nihatya vidyam tajjam ca tasmadupanisanmatah || Kathabhasya: According to the com. of Sankara, Upanisad primarily means Brahmavidya and secondarily it means texts which explains brahmavidya, The Mundaka-upanishad : 1.1. $$ brahmavidya sarvavidyapratisthita | " Vide: Suresvara: Taittiriyopanisadbhasyavartika' Ch. I. Karika No. 34-36, also cf. suresvara: The Sambandhavartika, Karika 3.7. Taittiriya Upanisad with the com. of Sankara (Introduction) P. 7 "upanisatam " iti vidyocyate taccilanam garbha, janma jasadinisantanat tadavasadanadva brahmano va upanigampitrtvada upanisannam va asyam param sreya iti tad, arthatvat grantho'pi upanisad . (19) Sayana: 'Krsnayajurvediyam Taittiriya Aranyakam' part-II - P. 494-495. (20) Satapath Brahmana: 10.3.5.12, 4.5.1, 5.1.1 etc. (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) Aitareya Aranyaka :111.1.1 Nama linganusasanum nama Amarakosah by Bhanujidiksita - dharme rahasyupanisata ( dharma iti ) | upanisadanam | upanisidati sreyo'syam va | sadalr visaranadau (bhva . pa. a. sampadadih (va . 3.3.108 ) | bhavedupanisaddharme vedante vinane striyam iti medini (78 / 56 ) | Radhakrishnan S: op.cit. p. 19. Bhatta Visnuprasad: on the meaning of the title Brhadaranyaka upanisad, Journal of the Oriental Institute Vol. 23, Nos. 1-2 Barorda 1973. pp. 18-25. Winternitz M op cit. (Vol. I) p. 243. (26) (27) (28): Vide-Bhatta visnu prasad, op. cit. fn 13. (29) Keith A.B. & Macdonell A A: Vedic Index Names and subjects Vol. I, P. 92. Vide: Mehta Narmadasankara C: op. cit. P. 5-.6. (30) (31) Ibid P.6 (32) Gough A.E. op.cit., preface- iv-vi. (33) Radhakrishnan S. : Indian Philosophy, p. 25. (34) Herbert H Gowen: The History of Indian Literature, P. 33. (35) (36) Mcdonell A. A: A History of sanskrit Literature, P. 36 (a) Sadananda. Vedantasara, Karika -3 (p.2) daladalaag sonury, 1 (b) The Mundaka-upanishad (3.2.6 ) - vedanta vijnana suniscitarthah (326 ) (c) Denssen Paul: The philosophy of upanisad, P.3 (d) Swami Madhavananda: ;A Bird's eye view of the Upanisads, Vol I, p. 348.

44 (37) Ranade & Belvelkuar: History of Indian Philosophy (Vol. II.) The creative period, P. 142. (38) Winternitz M: A History of Indian Literature, Vol. I, p 1927 234. (39) Swami Prabhavananda: Vedic Religion And philosophy, P. 43. (40) Deussen Paul The Philosophy of Upanisads, p. 51. (41) Hume R.E.: The Thirteen principal upanisads; P. 6 (42) (43) Keith A.B.: Vedic Index Names and subiects, Vol. I. p. 501. Radhakrishnan S.: Indian Philosophy,p. 16. (44) Dasgupta S.N. A History of Indian Phisophy Voll, p. 39. (45) Ranade R.D.: A constructive survery of upanishadic philosophy, p. 18 (46) Dwivedi R.C. Selections from Brahmanas and Upanisads, Preface, (p. XIIV) (47) Winternitz M. :op. cit.,(p. 218) (48) Sharma B.R.: The Concept of Atman in the principal Upanisad, p. 5 (49) Deussen Paul: The philosophy of the upanisads, p. 26 (50) Pinda Brahmanda upanisad is considered to be composed in 20 th cent by Swami Keshvananda. vide. An article of Nath R. on the authenticity of the Allopanisad; Pub. IN JOIB Vol -26, No. 3, P. 236. (51) (52) The Nirnayasagar Press Bombay has published about one hundred and twelve upanisads. T.M.P. Mahadevan, in his book "Upanisads" gives the summery of 108 uapnisads and considers 10 Upanishads as principal . (53) The Muktikopanisad ( I. 30): isa - kena katha prasna-munda mandukya taitiri | aitareyam ca chandogyam brhadaranyakam tatha || (54) Ibid rgvedadivibhagena vedascatvara iritah tesam sakha hyanekah syustasupanisadastatha || 11 || rgvedasya tu sakhah syurekavimsatisamkhyakah | navadhikasatam sakha yajuso marutatmaja || 12 || sahasrasamkhyaya jatah sakhah samnah parantapa | atharvanasya sakhah syuh pascasadbhedato hare || 13 || (55) See: Deussen paul: Sixty Upanisads of the veda', contents. (56) The Jaiminiya Brahmana (III.14) (57) athasnam | prajapatih praja asrjat | ta asvenaivasvo bhutva'srjat | ----asnute svargam lokam ya evam veda 112811 The Rigveda (X_88.15) dve sruti asrnavam pitrnamaham devanamuta martyanam | tabhyamidam visvamejat sameti yadantara pitaram mataram ca || 15 ||

45 (58) (59) (60) (61) (62) (63) (64) £ The different scholar opines differently regarding the numbers of Upanishads as principal and translate them. (1) Max muller has translated the twelve Upanishads, published under "The sacred Books of the East. Vol. 15 (2) Deussen paul has translated no less than sixty, vide: the sixty Upanisads translated by G.B. Palsule but he regards, 14 as major, vide: The philosophy of the Upanisads' (P.37) of the same author. (3) Hume has translated the thirteen Upanisads, vide: The Thirteen principal upanisads; p.4. (4) A.B. Keith includes Mahanarayana Upanisad in the list of fourteen upanisads, vide: Religion and philosophy of the Veda and Upanisads, vol 31, pp. 498-500. (5) S. Radhakrishnan has translated 18 Upanishads under the litle "The principal Upnisads". Cf. Winternitz M. : op.cit., Voll.P. 222. The classification of the non- Vedic Upanisads was first proposed by Deussen, sechzing upanisads, pp 542 and then adopted by F.O. Schrader. Deussen Paul: The philosophy of the Upanisads; p.7 Ibid :(P. 7) Winternitz M: op.cit., P. 239. Ibid. PP. 221-222. Many Scholars opine differently about the divisions of the upanisads- (a) Cakravarti Madhavadasa: A short History of Sanskrit Literature, (p. 170) The Upanisads may chiefly be divided into three sections according to their subject matter: (1) Some Upanisads deal with the salvation of Jiva and the nature of the supreme soul, which comprise Aitareya, chandogya, kena,isa, katha, Brahdaranyaka prasna & Mundaka etc. (2) A number of Atharvanita Upanisads points out that jivatma may realise Paramathan through mediation. Then Jiva gets salvation. Garbhja, Arsika, Javala, Arunika,Sannyasa etc. fall under this head. (3) Upanisads which refer to different deities fall under these heads, like Narayana, Krisna, Siva, Rama Devi etc. According to the opinion of the veteran vedic scholar satyavrata samasrami, Uapanisads may Mainly be divided into four sections (1) Vaidika, (2) Arsa, (3) Kavya and (4) Krtrima. (b) Keith A.B The History of sanskrit literature: Upanisads fall into four classes: (1) Merely develop doctrines doctrines already found in the older Upanisads, (2) Devote themselves to the glorification of yoga practices by which religions ecstasy was produced. (3) Deal with the condition of the sannyasin, and (4) Finally give themselves up to the glorification of Rudra-or Siva

46 (65) K. Narayana Swami Aiyar: Thirty minor Upanisads, foreword-p.ii (66) Weber A: 'The History of Indian Literature, (P. 156). (67) Dasgupta S.N.: Yoga Philosophy, P. 18. (68) Georg Feuerstein : The Yoga Tradition, P. 415. (69) The Tejobindu-upanishad: II .6 (70) The Yogavasistha: ( Part - II) : (71) sastra sajjanasamparkeh prajnamadau vivardhayet | prathama bhumikaisokta yogasyaiva ca yoginah || 1 || vicarana dvitiya syattrtiya'sangabhavana | vilapani caturthi syadvasanavilayatmika || 2 || suddhasavinmayanandarupa bhavati pancami | ardhasuptabuddhamo jivanmukto'tra tisthati || 3 || svasamvedanarupa ca sasthi bhavati bhumika | anandaikaghanakara susuptasadrsasthitih ||4 || turyavasthopasantatha muktireveha kevalam | samata svacchata saumya saptami bhumika bhavet ||5 || turyatita turyavastha para nirvanarupini | saptami sa paripraudha visayah syanna jivatam || 6 || Cf. The Varaha-upanishad : IV 1-18 . Sinha Jadunatha: A History of Indian Philosophy Vol PP. 123-124. (72) Weber A: op cit. pp 163-165. (73) (74) (75) (76) (77) (78) Ibid. (P. 165) Ibid (p. 165 ) - It presents that the two upanisads viz, the maitrayano panisad & the Svetasvataropanisad consider among the 13 main Upanisads which are the most authentic. Deussen Paul: Sixty Uapnisads of the Veda, Part -I, XXVII - XXVIII ( contents) K Narayam Swami Aiyar ; Op. cit.,Contents. Rai Ramkumar: Encyclopedia of Yoga, P 246 The word comes from a Sanskrit root which means 'to go trance, to meditate. Others however, derive it from a root yuj-to join and 'yoke' in English, is said to be the same word as yoga, Both roots are feasible in case of the root 'join'. "Yoga would mean a science that teaches the method of joining the human soul with God or the Jiva with Paramatman The word in a technical sense first occurs in- (a) The Taittiriya-upanishad (II.4) -Yoga Atma

(79) (80) (81) 47 (b) The Shvetashvatara-upanishad (II.11) niharadhumarkanilanalanam khadyota vidyutasphatikasasinam | etani rupani purahsarani brahmanyabhivyaktikarani yoga || 11 || (VI. 13 ) nityonityanam cetanascetananameko bahunam yo vidadhati kaman | tatkaranam samkhyayogadhigamyam jnatva devam mucyate sarvapasaih || (c) MTU- (VI.18 ) : tatha tatprayogakalpah pranayamah pratyaharo dhyanam dharana tarkah samadhih sadanga ityucyate yogah | The explanation of it as 'harnasing, arranging' is evident from the expresion i yanjite occuring in the Mahanarayana Upanisad (VI.21) Also in the MTU (VI.3)- dve vave brahmano rupe murtam camurtam catha yanmurta tadasatyam yadamurtam tatsatyam tatbrahma tajjyotirjyotih sa adityah sa va esa omityetadatma'bhavatsa tredhatmanam vyakurutomiti timro matra etabhih sarvamidamotam protam caivaramityevam hyatadva aditya omityevam dhyayata''tmanam yunjiteti || 3 || While in the MTU (VI.25) the yoga seems to have been conceived as a 'union' between prana & syllable om - evam pranamathonkaram yasmatsarvamanekadha | yunakti yunjate va'pi tasmadyoga iti smrtah || ekatvam pranamanasorindriyanam tathaiva ca | sarvabhavaparityago yoga ityabhidhiyate || 25 || B.K.S. Iyanger: 'Lights on Yoga", P. 21. Yoga Darsana of Panjali (1-2): yogascittavrttinirodhah || 2 || Vide : (a) Vyasa Bhasyavrtti, p. 1- yogah samadhih | (b) Bhojavrtti by Bhojadeva, P. 3. - 'yuj samadhau ', anusisyate vyakhyate | (c) The Tattavavaisaradi (I.1, P.3) - 'yuj samadhau ' ityasmadvyutpannah samadhyartho na tu 'yujira yoge ' ityasmatsamyogartha ityarthah | (d) The yogavartika p. 6: 'yuj samadhavityanusasanatah prasiddho yogah | " , (82) Yajnavalkya samyogo yoga ityukto jivatmaparamatmanoh | " (83) (84) (85) (86) Yogasara Samgraha p. 2. - "yogangesu jnanabhaktikarmadisu ca yogasabdo yogasadhanatvanmoksopayanvacca gauna iti | " Amarakosah (P. 548)- yogah samnahanopaya dhyanasamgatiyuktisu || 22 || (3322 ) yogah (pu .) ke kavaca, sama dama adi upaya, dhyana ( citta ko ekagra karana ), samgati, yukti, visvasaghataka, dava adi artha hai | yaviti | yojanam | yuj samadhau tha (ri, a . a.) yujir yoge (ru . u. a.)| ghan (3.3.18 ) | yogo'purvardhasampraptau samgati dhyanayuktisu | vapuh sthairyaprayoge ca viskambhadisu bhesaje, visrabdhaghatake dravyopayasamgrahanesvapi | karmane' pi ca (iti medini ) (23 .18-19 ) samnahanam = kavacam, upayah samadih | The Manusmrti V. 60 indriyanam nirodhena ragadvesaksayena ca | ahimsaya ca bhutanamamrtatvaya kalpate | | The Bagavadgita : (a) samatvam yoga ucyate (II.) (b) yogah karmasu kausalam ( II.)

48 (87) The Mahabharata: (14: 43: 26 ) : pravrtti laksano yogo jnanam samnyasalaksanam | tasmajjnanam puraskrtya samnyasediha buddhiman || 26 || According to S. Radhakrishnan (Indian Philsophy Vol - II p. 337) Yoga may simply mean 'method'. The Mahopanisad : V. 42. manah manopaye yoga ityabhidhiyate | (88) (89) (90) The Shandilya-upanishad: (I. 24 b) " yogastu vrttirodho | " (91) The Kena-upanishad : II iii. 11 tam yogamiti manyante sthiramindriya dharanam | The Aksyupanisad (4): avedanam viduh yogam cittaksayam akrtrimam | (92) The Yogatattva-upanishad: (4) (93) The Visnu purana. (VI. 7.3 ) atmaprayatna sapeksa visista ya manogatih | tasya brahmani samyogo yoga ityabhidhiyate || (94) Schultz M: The Hindu Philosophy, P. 17. (95) Georg Feuerstein: Op. cit. P. 96. (96) The Arthasastra of Kautilya : I.2 (97) Ghate V.S: The Vedanta, P. 4 (Introduction). (98) They are as follows: 1. Carvaka 2. Bauddha 3. Jaina 4. Ramanuja 5. Puranprajna 8. Pratyabhyna 9. Rasesvarau 10 6. Nakulish pasupatha 7. Saiva Vaiseslika 11. Naiyayika 12. Jaimini 13. Panini 14. Samkhya 15. Yoga 16. Sankara (99) Muller Max: Ancient Sanskrit Literature; p. 70 (100) The Manusmrti : ( II.11) (101) Schultz. M. op. cit., P. 17 (102) Upadhyaya Baldeva : Bharatiya Darshana, p. 29. (103) Kunhanraja C; History of Sanskrit Literature, p. 200 (104) Radhakrishnan S: Indian Philsophy (Vol. II), p. 338 (105) The Bagavadgita (IV.1-2) imam vivasvate yogam proktavanahamavyayam | vivasvanmanavam praha manuriksvakave'bbit || 1 || evam paramparapraptamimam rajarsayo viduh | sa kaleneha mahata yogo nastah paramtapa || 2 || (106) The Mahabharata ( 12.349.65) : samkhyasya vakta kapilah paramarsi sa ucyate | hiranyagarbho yogasya vetta nanyah puratanah ||65|| (107) While commenting on yoga sutra ( I. 1) Some commentators have remarked: nanu hiranyagarbhoyogasya vakta nanyah puratana iti yogiyajnavalkya smrteh katham patanjaleyogasastrakartrtvamityasankya sutrakarena anusasanamityuktam | (tattvavaisaradi )

49 Bhiksu quoting this verse of yajnavalkya remarks - hiranyagarbhasyadigurutvabodhanaditi yadyapi hiranyagarbhena krtam sastram tathapi .... ( maniprabha ) yogah samadhih tasyanusasanam hiranyagarbhasasmr anusmrtya ..... (yogasudhakara ) Vide: Ramsankara Bhattacarya: An Introduction to the yogasutra, P. 16-17. (108) The contents of the Hiranyagarbha sastra of given in the Ahirbundhya Samhita (A work of Pancaratra School ) in its ch.XII seem to belong to this reduction. Vide: Ramsankara Bhattacarya: An Introduction to the yogasutra, P. 16-17. ( 109 ) Joshi Harishankar: Samkhya Yoga ka Jirnodhara, P. 146 (110) The Rigveda : 10,121,1 hiranyagarbhah samavartatagre bhutasya jatah patirekah asit | sa dadhara prthivim dyamutemam kasmai devaya havisa vidhema 1. (111) The Mahabharata ( 12, 342, 96) hiranyagarbho dyutiman ya esa chandasi stutah | yaugeh sampujyate nityam sa ca loke vibhuh smrtah || cf. The Yajnavalkya Smrti ( III. 110 ) : jneyam caranyakamaham yadadityadavaptavan | yogasastram ca matproktam jneyam yogamabhipsata || (112) Cf Devala's statement : etau samkhyayogo cadhikrtya yairyuktitah samayatascapurvapranitani visalani gambhirani tantraniha samksipya uddesato vaksyante || (113) The Rigveda : (I. 18.7) yasmadrte na sidhyati yajno vipascitascana | sa dhinam yogaminvati || 7 || (1 34.9) krtri cakra trivrtto rathasya va vandhuro ye sanilah | kada yogo vajino rasabhasya yena yajnam nasatyopayathah | (1.307) yoge yoge tavastaram vajevaje havamahe | sakhaya indramutaye || (153) The Atharvaveda sadha no yoga a bhuvatsa raye sa puramdhyam | gamadhvajebhira sa nah || 3 || (X 131) yuje vam brahma purvya namomi - rvi loka etu pathyeva sureh | srnvantu visve amrtasya putra a ye dhamani divyani tasyuh || (1982) astavimsani sivani sanmani saha yogam majantu me | | yogam prapadye ksemam ca ksemam prapadye yogam ca nabho'horatrabhyamastu || (19.13.1) indrasya bahu sthavirau vrsanau citra ima vrsabhau parayisnu | tau yokse prathamo yoga agate yabhyam jitamasuranam sva1ryat ||

48 (87) The Mahabharata: (14: 43: 26 ) : pravrtti laksano yogo jnanam samnyasalaksanam | tasmajjnanam puraskrtya samnyasediha buddhiman || 26 || According to S. Radhakrishnan (Indian Philsophy Vol - II p. 337) Yoga may simply mean 'method'. The Mahopanisad : V. 42. manah manopaye yoga ityabhidhiyate | (88) (89) (90) The Shandilya-upanishad: (I. 24 b) " yogastu vrttirodho | " (91) The Kena-upanishad : II iii.11 tam yogamiti manyante sthiramindriya dharanam | The Aksyupanisad (4): avedanam viduh yogam cittaksayam akrtrimam | (92) The Yogatattva-upanishad: (4) (93) The Visnu purana. (VI. 7.3 ) atmaprayatna sapeksa visista ya manogatih | tasya brahmani samyogo yoga ityabhidhiyate || (94) Schultz M: The Hindu Philosophy, P. 17. (95) Georg Feuerstein: Op. cit. P. 96. (96) The Arthasastra of Kautilya . I. 2 (97) Ghate V.S: The Vedanta, P. 4 ( Introduction). (98) They are as follows: 1 Carvaka 2. Bauddha 3. Jaina 4. Ramanuja 5. Puranprajna 8. Pratyabhijna 9. Rasesvarau 10. 6. Nakulish pasupatha 7. Saiva Vaiseslika 11. Naiyayika 12. Jaimini 13. Panini 14. Samkhya 15. Yoga 16. Sarikara (99) Muller Max: Ancient Sanskrit Literature; p. 70 (100) The Manusmrti : ( II.11) (101) Schultz. M: op. cit., P. 17 (102) Upadhyaya Baldeva : Bharatiya Darshana, p 29. (103) Kunhanraja C; History of Sanskrit Literature, p. 200. (104) Radhakrishnan S: Indian Philsophy (Vol. II), p. 338 (105) The Bagavadgita (IV.1-2) imam vivasvate yogam proktavanahamavyayam | vivasvanmanavam praha manuriksvakave'bbit || 1 || evam paramparapraptamimam rajarsayo viduh | sa kaleneha mahata yogo nastah paramtapa || 2 || (106) T 2 Mahabharata (12. 349 65 ) : samkhyasya vakta kapilah paramarsi sa ucyate | hiranyagarbho yogasya vetta nanyah puratanah ||65|| 1 (107) While commenting on yoga sutra ( I 1 ) Some commentators have remarked: nanu hiranyagarbhayogasya vakta nanyah puratana iti yogiyajnavalkya smrteh katham pananjaleyogasastrakartrtvamityasankya sutrakarena anusasanamityuktam | (tattvavaisaradi )

50 (19.24.7) yoge yoge tavastaram vaje vaje havamahe | sakhaya indramutaye | (20.26.1) yoge yoge tavastaram vaje vaje havamahe | sakhaya indramutaye | (20.69.1) sadha no yoga a bhuvat sa raye sa puramdhyam | gamad vajebhira sa nah || 2 || (114) The Patanjala Yoga sutra II. 3) avidyastitaragadvesabhinivesah klesah || 3 || ( 115 ) The Yasnavalkya smrti (I. 8) (116) The Srimad Bhagavad Purana (XI. 20.6 ) : yogastrayo maya prokta nrnam sreyovidhitsaya | jnanam karma ca bhaktisca nopayo'nyo'sti kutracit || 6 || (117) The Garuda Purana (I. 221.498 ) : brahmatmanoh yat ekatvam sa yogah yottamottama | (118) Ibid. ( I. 14.1): atha yogam pravaksyami bhuktimuktikaram param | dhyavibhih procyate dhyeyo dhyanena haririsvarah || 2 || (119) The Visnu Purana (VI. 7.30-31): atmabhavam nayatyenam tadvahma dhyayinam munim | vikaryamatmanah saktya lokamakarsako yatha || 30 || atmaprayatnasapeksa visista ya manogatih | tasya brahmani samyogo yoga ityabhidhiyate || 31|| (120) The 39 th chapter of Markandeya Purana. (121) Vayupurana ch. XIV and XV. (122) The Mahabharata (XII. 305 18-19) tasmattvam srrnu rajendra yathaitedanudrsyate | yathatathyena samkhyesu yogesu ca mahatmasu ||18 || yadeva yogah pasyanti samkhyaistadanugamyate | ekam samkhyam ca yogam ca yah pasyati sa buddhiman || 19 || (123) Vatsyayana Kamasutra (I. 1. 29) purusakarmadinimito bhutasargah karmahetavo dosah pravrttisca svagunavisistascetana asad utpadyate nirudhyata iti yoganam | (124) Vide: S. Radhakrishnan op cit. p. 340 ( 125 ) Radhakrishnan S: op cit. P. 340. (126) See F.N. 105. (127) Sarvadarsana Samgraha (Patanjalayogadarsanam) P. 343- ata eva tatra tatra puranadau visista yogasya viprakirnataya durmayvarthatvam 1 manyamanena bhagavata krpasindhuna phanipatina saram samjighrksunanu sasanamarabdham na tu sabhacchasanam | (128) Alan Danielou. Yoga: The Method of Re - integration. P.6.